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Current Status:

The major threat to the species is the loss of habitat, primarily to residential and agricultural development. Additional threats include predation from coyotes, illegal take, and disease. Some disease may result from high densities of deer in core areas.

Achievements:

The Columbian white-tailed deer population in Washington has consistently increased since it was listed as endangered in 1967. The population that year was less than 400, but today it is estimated at 600 to 800. Major progress has been made in securing and managing habitat, including establishment of the Julia Butler Hanson National Wildlife Refuge along the Lower Columbia River for protecting the deer. The Fish and Wildlife Service is considering reclassifying the species from endangered to threatened, which should allow greater flexibility in herd management.

Current Recovery Needs:

Although deer numbers are now above the numerical goals specified in the recovery plan for delisting, there is not yet enough secure habitat to ensure sustained recovery. Once adequate habitat has been secured, consideration can be given to delisting the species.

Partnerships

Washington Department of Wildlife: This State agency assists with population surveys, enforces hunting restrictions, provides landowners and counties with incentives to secure habitat, conducts research, and provides technical assistance to private landowners and State and Federal agencies. The agency has also helped in dealing with depredation problems.

The Nature Conservancy: This private organization purchased habitat in the Lower Columbia River area for the deer and other riparian-dependent species.

Recovery Plan Status:

Original plan approved 10/21/76; revised 6/14/83.