Aquatic and Wetland Vascular Plants of the Northern Great Plains
48. Rubiaceae, the Madder Family
1. Galium L. -- Bedstraw
3. Galium trifidum L. -- Small bedstraw
Stems 2-6 dm long, freely branching, retrorsely scaberulous on the angles.
Leaves in whorls of 4-6, mostly spreading, linear to narrowly elliptic
or oblanceolate, 5-20 mm long, 1-3.5 mm wide, often scaberulous on the margin
and on the midrib of the underside, blunt-tipped, narrowed to the base. Inflorescences
usually many, axillary and terminal, 1- to 3-flowered. Corolla lobes
3, ca. 0.5 mm long, obtuse. Fruit segments black, 1-2 mm in diameter.
Jun--Aug. Springs, seepage areas, shores, stream banks and swampy or boggy places,
where water is fresh; frequent, n, c and e ND; nc, ne and sw SD; throughout
NE; (Circumpolar, in N.Amer. s to GA, OK, CA and into Mex.).