Wigeongrass (Ruppia maritima L.):
A Literature Review
Tables
Table 9. Use of wigeongrass (Ruppia maritima) as food by groups of waterfowl.
| Reference | Waterfowl (general) | Dabbling ducks | Diving, sea, and stiff- tailed ducks | Geese and brant | Swans |
| Nutall 1834 | 1 | ||||
| McAtee 1915 | 3,4,5 | 3 | |||
| McAtee 1918 | 1 | ||||
| Mabbott 1920 | 3 | ||||
| Oberholzer and McAtee 1920 | 1 | ||||
| Wetmore 1921 | 3,4,5 | ||||
| McAtee 1922 | 1 | ||||
| Phillips 1923 | 1 | ||||
| Terrell 1923 | 1 | ||||
| Metcalf 1931 | 1 | ||||
| Bourn 1932 | 1 | ||||
| Kubichek 1933 | 3 | ||||
| Cottam 1934 | 1 | ||||
| McAtee 1935 | 2 | ||||
| Martin and Uhler 1939 | 3,4,5 | ||||
| McAtee 1939 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| Steenis 1939 | 1 | ||||
| Cottam et al. 1944 | 1 | ||||
| Addy 1946 | 1 | ||||
| Campbell 1946 | 3,4,5 | ||||
| Heit 1948 | 1 | ||||
| Critcher 1949 | 1 | ||||
| Wright et al. 1949 | 1 | ||||
| Yancey 1949 | 1 | ||||
| Singleton 1951 | 1 | ||||
| Smith 1951 | 3,4,5 | ||||
| Yocom 1951 | 1 | ||||
| Harris 1952 | 1 | ||||
| Hancock 1953 | 1 | ||||
| Spencer 1953 | 1 | ||||
| Rawls 1954 | 1 | ||||
| Scott 1954 | 1 | ||||
| Beter 1957 | 1 | ||||
| Gates 1957 | 1 | ||||
| Hoffman 1958 | 1 | ||||
| Kimble 1958 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Neely 1958 | 1 | ||||
| Stewart and Manning 1958 | 2 | ||||
| Chamberlain 1959 | 3 | 3 | |||
| Davison and Neely 1959 | 1 | ||||
| Chamberlain 1960 | 1 | ||||
| Jemison 1961 | 1 | ||||
| Yocom and Keller 1961 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Grizzell and Neely 1962 | 1 | ||||
| Jemison and Chabreck 1962 | 1 | ||||
| Neely 1962 | 1 | ||||
| Quay and Critcher 1962 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Sincock 1962 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Stewart 1962 | 3,4 | 3,4 | 3,4 | 1 | |
| Hartman 1963 | 1 | ||||
| Joanen 1964 | 2 | ||||
| Gore 1965 | 1 | ||||
| Joanen and Glasgow 1965 | 2 | ||||
| Savage 1965 | 3 | ||||
| Gaevskaya 1966 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Neely and Davison 1966 | 1 | ||||
| Rogers and Korschgen 1966 | 1 | ||||
| Stieglitz 1966 | 1 | ||||
| Cronan and Halla 1968 | 1 | 1 | |||
| McMahan 1970 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Tamisier 1971 | 3 | ||||
| Erskine 1972 | 1 | ||||
| Holmes 1972 | 1 | ||||
| Kerwin and Webb 1972 | 4,5 | ||||
| Stieglitz 1972 | 1 | ||||
| Nixon and Oviatt 1973 | 1 | ||||
| Johnsgard 1975 | 3,4 | ||||
| Penkala 1975 | 1 | ||||
| Bellrose 1976 | 4 | ||||
| Landers et al. 1976 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Morgan et al. 1976 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Serie and Swanson 1976 | 4 | ||||
| Krapu and Swanson 1978 | 3 | ||||
| Prevost et al. 1978 | 3 | ||||
| Verhoeven and van Vierssen 1978b | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Congdon and McComb 1979 | 1 | ||||
| Verhoeven 1979 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Congdon and McComb 1980 | 1 | ||||
| Congdon and McComb 1981 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Saunders and Saunders 1981 | 3,4 | 3 | 1 | ||
| Paulus 1982 | 1 | ||||
| Swiderek 1982 | 3,4,5 | 3 | |||
| Bailey and Titman 1984 | 4,5 | ||||
| Mahaffy 1987 | 2 | ||||
| Schuler 1987 | 1 | ||||
| Strange 1987 | 1 | ||||
| Euliss 1989 | 3 | 1 |
*1 = No specific plant parts mentioned; 2 = whole plant; 3 = drupelets; 4 = leaves, "foliage" or "vegetation"; 5 = rhizomes or stems.
