The Alkali (Scirpus Maritimus L.) and Saltmarsh (S. Robustus Pursh) Bulrushes: A Literature Review
Tables
Table 11. Use of unspecified plant parts (1), achenes (2)a, leaves and shoots (3), and corms and rhizomes (4) of Scirpus maritimus and S. robustus as food by groups of waterfowl.
| Reference | Waterfowl (general) | Dabbling ducks | Diving, sea, and stiff-tailed ducks | Geese and brant | Swans |
| Scirpus maritimus | |||||
| McAtee 1918 | 1 | ||||
| Wetmore 1918 | 2 | ||||
| Mabbott 1920 | 2 | ||||
| Wetmore 1921 | 2 | ||||
| Steenis 1939 | 1 | ||||
| Addy 1946 | 2 | ||||
| Mendall 1949 | 1 | ||||
| Yocom 1951 | 2 | ||||
| Harris 1952 | 2 | ||||
| Spencer 1953 | 2 | ||||
| Stirrett 1954 | 1 | ||||
| Gillham 1956 | 1 | ||||
| Keith and Stanislawski 1960 | 2 | ||||
| Keith 1961 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Yocom and Keller 1961 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Hartman 1963 | 1 | ||||
| Gore 1965 | 2 | ||||
| Lebret 1965 | 4 | ||||
| Gaevskaya 1966 | 1 | ||||
| Cronan and Halla 1968 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Nagel 1969 | 3,4 | ||||
| Burgess 1970 | 2 | ||||
| Swanson and Bartonek 1970 | 2 | ||||
| Fiala and Kvet 1971 | 3,4 | ||||
| Kvet and Hudec 1971 | 3 | ||||
| Tamisier 1971, cited in Podlejski 1981 | 2 | ||||
| Kerwin and Webb 1972 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Zwarts 1972, cited in Reed 1989 | 3,4 | ||||
| Kadlec and Wentz 1974 | 2 | ||||
| Loosjes 1974, cited in Reed 1989 | 3,4 | ||||
| Ondok and Kvet 1978 | 1 | ||||
| Pehrsson 1980 | 2 | ||||
| Podlejski 1981, 1982 | 2 | ||||
| Duncan and D'Herbes 1982 | 2 | ||||
| Pederson and Pederson 1983 | 2 | ||||
| Euliss 1984 | 2 | ||||
| Smith and Kadlec 1985c | 3 | ||||
| Miller 1987 | 2 | ||||
| Euliss and Harris 1987 | 2 | ||||
| Pehrsson 1988 | 2 | 4 | |||
| Hothem and Ohlendorf 1989 | 2 | ||||
| Thorn and Zwank 1993 | 2 | ||||
| Scirpus robustus | |||||
| McAtee 1910 | 3,4 | ||||
| Mabbott 1920 | 2 | ||||
| McIlhenny 1932 | 4 | ||||
| Cottam 1935 | 3,4 | ||||
| Addy 1946 | 2 | ||||
| Glazener 1946 | 4 | ||||
| Lynch et al. 1947 | 4 | ||||
| Beckwith and Hosford 1956 | 1 | ||||
| Beter 1957 | 2 | ||||
| Stewart and Manning 1958 | 2 | ||||
| Kimble 1958 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Chamberlain 1959 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Davison and Neely 1959 | 1 | ||||
| Yelverton and Quay 1959 | 2,4 | ||||
| Neely 1960 | 2 | ||||
| Glasgow and Bardwell 1962 | 2 | ||||
| Stewart 1962 | 2 | ||||
| George 1963 | 2 | 3,4 | |||
| Bardwell et al. 1965. | 2 | ||||
| George et al. 1965, cited in Mall 1969 | 2 | ||||
| Stieglitz 1972 | 1 | ||||
| Kadlec and Wentz 1974 | 2 | ||||
| Landers et al. 1976 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Prevost et al. 1978 | 2 | ||||
| Beam and Gruenhagen 1980 | 2 | ||||
| Connelly and Chesemore 1980 | 2 | ||||
| Sandifer et al. 1980 | 1 | ||||
| Smith and Odum 1981 | 1 | ||||
| Smith, T. 1983 | 4 | ||||
| Strange 1987 | 4 | ||||
| Stutzenbaker and Weller 1989 | 3,4 | ||||
aAchenes may also serve as grit.
