The Alkali (Scirpus Maritimus L.) and Saltmarsh (S. Robustus Pursh) Bulrushes: A Literature Review
Tables
Table 3. Scirpus maritimus (S.m.) and S. robustus (S.r.) peak aboveground biomass or standing crop (AG) or annual net primary production (NPP), belowground biomass (BG) or annual net belowground production (BNP), and probable factors limiting biomass.
| Biomassa | ||||
| Reference | Species | AG or NPP | BG or BNP | Probable limiting factors |
| Schuler 1987 | S.m. | 0.4 | competition by other helophytes | |
| Chandler 1969 | S.r. | 15 | competition by other helophytes | |
| Waits 1967 | S.r. | 19 | competition by other helophytes | |
| Lieffers and Shay 1982a | S.m. | 27 | drought, increased salinity | |
| Handoo and Kaul 1982 | S.m. | 71 | competition by other helophytes | |
| Kaul et al. 1978 | S.m. | 59 | 42 | competition by other helophytes |
| Linthurst and Seneca 1980 | S.r | drought, increased salinity | ||
| Smith and Odum 1981 | S.r. | 87 | grazing by geese | |
| Grillas and Duncan 1986 | S.m. | 89 | livestock grazing, excessive water depth | |
| Foote et al. 1988 | S.m. | 109 | insect herbivory | |
| Kikuchi et al. 1989 | S.m | 117 | 54 | mineral-poor substrate |
| Ondok 1971 | S.m. | 137 | none indicated | |
| Komarkova 1973 | S.m. | 167 | high water levels | |
| Ondok 1973 | S.m. | 167 | none indicated | |
| Foote et al. 1988 | S.m. | 202 | none indicated | |
| Kikuchi et al. 1989 | S.m. | 205 | 43 | none indicated |
| Smith and Odum 1981 | S.r. | 220 | none indicated | |
| Waits 1967 | S.r. | 270 | none indicated | |
| Shubert 1982 | S.m | 280 | none indicated | |
| Podlejski 1982 | S.m. | 291 | 1,320 | cattle grazing |
| Linthurst and Seneca 1980 | S.r. | 292 | none indicated | |
| Glooschenko 1978 | S.m. | 308 | none indicated | |
| Komarkova and Marvan 1978 | S.m. | 334 | none indicated | |
| Dykyjova and Pribil 1975 | S.m. | 378 | erosion of bottom substrate | |
| Krisch 1985 | S.m. | 380 | competition by other helophytes | |
| Bernasor and De Datta 1986 | S.m. | 385 | competition by rice (Oryza sativa) | |
| Krisch 1985 | S.m. | 395 | competition by other helophytes | |
| Podlejski 1981 | S.m. | 415 | 665 | reduced fertility of bottom substrate |
| Yamanaka 1975 | S.m. | 462 | none indicated | |
| Ewing 1986 | S.m. | 480 | competition by other helophytes | |
| Ondok and Dykyjova 1973 | S.m. | 480 | none indicated | |
| Dykyjova 1986 | S.m. | 544 | erosion of bottom substrate | |
| Kibby et al. 1980 | S.m. | 550 | none indicated | |
| Olson 1979 | S.m. | 551 | none indicated | |
| Mall 1969 | S.r. | 552 | competition by other helophytes | |
| Lieffers and Shay 1982a | S.m. | 625 | none indicated | |
| Moody 1978 | S.m. | 627 | none indicated | |
| Dykyjova 1986 | S.m. | 678 | 373 | none indicated |
| Fiala and Kvet 1971 | S.m. | 680 | 1,107 | none indicated |
| Smith and Kadlec 1985c | S.m. | 722 | grazing by waterfowl and muskrats | |
| Pearcy et al. 1982 | S.r. | 800 | none indicated | |
| Kvet 1978 | S.m. | 820 | none indicated | |
| Smith and Kadlec 1985c | S.m. | 849 | none indicated | |
| Hall and Yesaki 1988 | S.m. | 862 | 342 | none indicated |
| Dykyjova and Pribil 1975 | S.m. | 866 | none indicated | |
| Dykyjova et al. 1971 | S.m. | 908 | none indicated | |
| Krisch 1986 | S.m. | 922 | none indicated | |
| Lieffers and Shay 1982b | S.m. | 936 | 738 | none indicated |
| Krisch 1985 | S.m. | 958 | none indicated | |
| Palmisano 1967 | S.r. | 961 | none indicated | |
| Dykyjova 1986 | S.m. | 998 | none indicated | |
| Podlejski 1982 | S.m. | 999 | 2,348 | none indicated |
| Karagatzides and Hutchinson 1991 | S.m. | <1,000 | <3,000 | excessive tidal inundation |
| Karagatzides and Hutchinson 1991 | S.m. | >1,000 | >3,000 | none indicated |
| Congdon and McComb 1981 | S.m. | 1,100 | 1,000 | none indicated |
| Podlejski 1981 | S.m. | 1,061 | 2,070 | none indicated |
| Eilers 1975 | S.m. | 1,164 | none indicated | |
| Kvet and Husak 1978 | S.m. | 1,300 | 2,800 | none indicated |
