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Cluff, H.D., and D.L. Murray.  1995.  Review of wolf control methods in North 
     America.  Pages 491-504 in L.N. Carbyn, S.H. Fritts, and D.R. Seip, eds.  
     Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world.  Canadian 
     Circumpolar Institute, Edmonton, Alberta.  
     
Coppinger, R.  1987.  Increasing the effectiveness of livestock guarding dogs:  
     reducing predation by wolves on livestock in Minnesota with livestock 
     guarding dogs.  USDA/APHIS/ADC Grant Award 12-16-72-007, FY 1987 Report.  
     Hampshire Coll., Amherst, Mass.  27 pp.
     
_____, and L. Copppinger.  1995.  Interactions between livestock guarding dogs 
     and wolves (Canis lupus). Pages 523-526 in L.N. Carbyn, S.H. Fritts, and 
     D.R. Seip, eds.  Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world.  
     Canadian Circumpolar Inst., Edmonton, Alberta. 
      
Dorrance, M.J., and J. Bourne.  1980.  An evaluation of anti-coyote electric 
     fencing.  J. Range Manag. 33:385-387.
     
Eles, H.  1986.  Vargen.  Arsbok fran Varmlands Museum, Argang 84.  Andra 
     upplagan, AB Ystads Centraltryckeri 74013.  

Fischer, H., B. Snape, and W. Hudson.  1994.  Building economic incentive into 
     the Endangered Species Act.  End. Spec. Tech. Bull. 19(2):4-5. 
     
Freeman, C., and D.S. Coffey.  1973.  Sterility in male animals induced by 
     injection of chemical agents into the vas deferens.  Fertil. Steril. 
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Fritts, S.H.  1983.  Record dispersal by a wolf from Minnesota.  J. Mamm. 
     64:166-167.
     
_____, and L.D. Mech.  1981.  Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a 
     newly protected wolf population in northwestern Minnesota.  Wildl. Monogr. 
     No. 80:1-79.
     
_____, W.J. Paul, and L.D. Mech.  1984.  Movements of translocated wolves in 
     Minnesota.  J. Wildl. Manage. 48:709-721.
    
_____, _____, _____, D.P. Scott.  1992.  Trends and Management of Wolf-
     Livestock Conflicts in Minnesota.  U.S.F.W.S. Res. Publ. Ser. 181.  27pp. 
     
Fuller, T.K., W.E. Berg, G.L. Radde, M.S. Lenarz, and G.B. Joselyn.  1992.  A 
     history and current estimate of wolf distribution and numbers in 
     Minnesota.  Wildl. Soc. Bull. 20(1):42-55. 
     
Gese, E.M., and L.D. Mech.  1991.  Dispersal of wolves (Canis lupus) in 
     northeastern Minnesota, 1969-1989.  Can. J. Zool. 69(12):2946-2955.

Ginsburg, J.R., and D.W. MacDonaldd.  1990.  Foxes, wolves, jackals, and dogs: 
     and action plan for the conservation of canids.  Intl Union for the 
     Conserv. of Nature and Nat. Res., Gland, Switzerland.  116pp.
     
Gustavson, C.R., and L.K. Nicolaus.  1987.  Taste aversion conditioning in 
     wolves, coyotes, and other canids:  Retrospect and prospect.  Pages 
     169-200 in H. Frank, ed.,  Man and Wolf:  Advances, issues, and problems 
     in captive wolf research.  Dr. W. Junk Publ., Dordrect, the Netherlands.
     	
Harrington, F.H., P.C. Paquet, J. Ryon, and J.C. Fentress.  1982.  Monogamy in 
     wolves: A review of the evidence.  Noyes Pub., Park Ridge, New Jersey. 
      
Mech, L.D.  1970.  The wolf: The ecology and behavior of an endangered species.  
     Doubleday, N.Y.  385pp.  
       
_____.  1987.  Age, season, and social aspects of wolf dispersal from a 
     Minnesota pack.  Pages 55-74 in B.D. Chepko-Sade and Z. Halpin, ed.  
     Mammalian Dispersal Patterns.  U. Chicago Press, Chicago.  
     
_____, and U.S. Seal.  1987.  Premature reproductive activity in wild wolves.  
     J. Mammal. 68:871-873. 
     
_____, D.H. Pletscher, and C.J. Martinka.  1994.  Gray wolf status and trends 
     in the contiguous United States.  Pages 98-100 in E.T. Laroe, G.S. Farris,
     C.E. Puckett, P.D. Doran, and M.J. Mac, eds. Our living resources: a 
     report to the nation on the distribution, abundance and health of U.S. 
     plants, animals and ecosystems. U.S. dept. of the Onterior. Natl. Biol. 
     Surv., Washington, DC.
     
Nass, R.D., and J. Theade.  1988.  Electric fences for reducing sheep losses to 
     predators.  J. Range Manag. 41:251-252. 
     
Okarma. H.  1992.  Wilk w Polsce.  (Wold in Poland). Polish Acad. of Sci., 
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Pineda, M.H., and D.I. Hepler.  1981.  Chemical vasectomy in dogs.  Long-term 
     study.  Theriogenology 16:1-11.
      
Promberger, C., and W. Schroder.  1993.  Wolves in Europe: status and 
     perspectives.  Munich Wildl. Soc., Ettal, Germany.  136pp.
     
Rothman, R.J., and L.D. Mech.  1979.  Scent-marking in lone wolves and newly 
     formed pairs.  Anim. Behav. 27:750-760.
      
Vila, C., J. Castroviejo, and V. Urios.  1993.  The Iberian wolf in Spain.  
     Pages 105-109 in C. Promberger, and W. Shroder, eds.  Wolves in Europe:
     status and perspectives.  Munich Wildl. Soc., Ettal, Germany.