USGS Home
Contact USGS
Search USGS

Ballard, W.B., Ayres, L. A., Gardner, C.L., and Foster, J.W.  1991.  Den site 
     activity patterns of gray wolves, Canis lupus, in south-central Alaska.  
     Can. Field-Nat.  105:497-504.

Fentress, J.C., and Ryon, J.  1982.  A long-term study of distributed pup 
     feeding in captive wolves. In Wolves of the world. Edited by F.H.
     Harrington and P.C. Paquet,  Noyes Publishers, Park Ridge, N.J.  
     pp. 238-261. 

Fentress, J.C., Field, R., and Parr, H. 1978. Social dynamics and communication. 
     In Behavior of Captive Wild Animals. Edited by H. Markowitz and V. Stevens. 
     Nelson-Hall, Chicago, pp. 67-106.

Haber, G.C.  1977.  Socio-ecological dynamics of wolves and prey in a subarctic 
     ecosystem.  Ph.D. Thesis.  University of British Columbia. Vancouver.
  
Harrington, F.H., and Mech, L.D.  1982.  Patterns of homesite attendance in two
     Minnesota wolf packs. In Wolves of the world. Edited by F.H. Harrington
     and P.C. Paquet. Noyes Publishers, Park Ridge, N.J. pp. 81-105.

Mech, L.D.  1988.  The arctic wolf: living with the pack.  Voyageur Press, 
     Stillwater, Minn.

Mech, L.D.  1995a.  Summer movements and behavior of an arctic wolf, Canis 
     lupus, pack without pups.  Can. Field-Nat. 110:473-475.

Mech, L.D.  1995b.  A ten-year history of the demography and productivity
     of an arctic wolf pack.  Arctic, 48:329-332.

Mech, L.D., and Packard, J.M.  1990.  Possible use of wolf (Canis lupus) den 
     over several centuries.  Can. Field-Nat.  104:484-485.

Mech, L.D., Adams, L.G., Meier, T.J., Burch, J.W., and Dale, B.W.  1998.  The 
     wolves of Denali.  University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Murie, A.  1944.  The Wolves of Mount McKinley.  U. S. National Park Service 
     Fauna Ser. No. 5, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.

Packard, J.M., Mech, L.D., and Ream, R.  1992.  Weaning in an arctic wolf pack: 
     behavioural mechanisms.  Can. J. Zool. 70:1269-1275. 

Paquet, P.C., Bragdon, S., and McCusker, S.  1982.  Cooperative rearing of 
     simultaneous litters in captive wolves.  In Wolves of the world.  Edited
     by F.H. Harrington and P.C. Paquet. Noyes Publishers, Park Ridge, N.J.  
     pp. 223-237.

Rutter, R.J., and Pimlott, D.H.  1968.  The world of the wolf.  J.B. Lippincott 
     Co., Philadelphia and New York.

Williams, G.C.  1966.  Adaptation and natural selection: a critique of some 
     current evolutionary thought.  Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.

Young, S.P., and Goldman, E. A.  1944.  The wolves of North America.  General 
     Publishing Co., Ltd., Toronto, Ont.