---

Wildlife Monographs

Red Fox Predation on Breeding Ducks
in Midcontinent North America

Tables

---

Table 9. Vulnerability indices^a for dabbling ducks in Barnes, Kidder, and Stutsman counties, North Dakota, 1969-73^b.

---

		1969	1970	1971	1972	1973	Avg.
Total dens		102	81	94	98	126
All dabbling ducksc
	Population (x 103)	878	666	629	651	423	649
	Predation rate	2.76	1.83	1.16	1.60	0.96	1.66
	Vulnerability index	3.14	2.75	1.84	2.46	2.27	2.27
Mallard
	Population (x 103)	114	129	111	94	103	110
	Predation rate	0.33	0.36	0.22	0.30	0.22	0.29
	Vulnerability index	2.89	2.79	1.98	3.19	2.13	2.60
Northern pintail
	Population (x 103)	195	145	81	145	61	125
	Predation rate	0.69	0.42	0.29	0.37	0.18	0.39
	Vulnerability index	4.61	2.90	3.58	2.55	2.95	3.32
Northern shoveler
	Population (x 103)	73	77	39	74	31	59
	Predation rate	0.35	0.21	0.09	0.11	0.05	0.16
	Vulnerability index	4.79	2.73	2.31	1.49	1.61	2.59
Blue-winged teal
	Population (x 103)	333	174	281	199	149	227
	Predation rate	0.65	0.28	0.29	0.33	0.19	0.35
	Vulnerability index	1.95	1.61	1.03	1.66	1.26	1.50
Gadwall
	Population (x 103)	117	111	104	104	71	101
	Predation rate	0.20	0.19	0.14	0.26	0.14	0.19
	Vulnerability index	1.71	1.71	1.35	2.50	1.97	1.85

---

^aFox predation rate index/duck population index X 10^3
bDabbling duck population estimates from USFWS Breeding Pair Surveys for Stratum 46.
^cAll species listed plus American wigeon, green-winged teal, wood duck, and all unidentified dabbling ducks.

---

NPWRC Home | Site Map | About Us | Staff | Search | Contact | Web Help | Copyright