USGS Home
Contact USGS
Search USGS

Aycrigg, J. L., and Porter, W. F.  1997.  Sociospatial dynamics of white-tailed 
     deer in the central Adirondack mountains, New York.  J. Mammal. 78:468-482.
     
Clutton-Brock, T. H., Guinness, F. E., and Albon, S. D.  1982.  Red deer, 
     behavior and ecology of two sexes.  University of Chicago Press, Chicago,
     Ill.

Dasmann, R. F., and Taber, R. D.  1956.  Behavior of Columbian black-tailed 
     deer with reference to population ecology.  J. Mammal. 37:143-163.

Downing, R. L., and McGinnes, B. S.  1976.  Movement patterns of white-tailed 
     deer in a Virginia enclosure.  Proc. Annu. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Game 
     Fish Comm. 29:454-459.

Downing, R. L., McGinnes, B. S., Petcher, R. P., and Sandt, J. L.  1969.  
     Seasonal changes in movements of white-tailed deer.  In White-tailed Deer 
     in the Southern Forest Habitat: Proceedings of the Symposium, Nacogdoches, 
     Texas.  March 25-26. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, South, 
     Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans. pp. 19-24.

Dusek, G. L., Mackie, R. J., Herriges, J. D., Jr., and Compton, B. B.  1989.  
     Population ecology of white-tailed deer along the lower Yellowstone River.  
     Wildl. Monogr. No. 104.

Gilbert, F. F.  1966.  Aging white-tailed deer by annuli in the cementum of the 
     first incisor.  J. Wildl. Manage. 30:200-202.

Halls, L. K. (Editor).  1984.  White-tailed deer: ecology and management.  
     Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pa.

Hawkins, R. E., and Klimstra, W. D.  1970.  A preliminary study of the social 
     organization of the white-tailed deer.  J. Wildl. Manage. 34:407-419.

Heinselman, M. L.  1996.  The boundary waters wilderness ecosystem.  University 
     of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Hirth, D. H.  1977.  Social behavior of white-tailed deer in relation to 
     habitat.  Wildl. Monogr. No. 5. 

Hoskinson, R. L.  1976.  The effect of different pilots on aerial telemetry 
     error.  J. Wildl. Manage. 40:137-139.

Miller, F. L.  1974.  Four types of territoriality observed in a herd of black-
     tailed deer.  In The behavior of ungulates and its relation to management.  
     Vol. 2.   Edited by V. Geist and F. Walter.  IUCN New Ser., Publ. No. 24.   
     International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 
     Morges, Switzerland. pp. 644-660.

Nelson, M. E.  1990.  Gene flow, effective population size, genetic population 
     structure in white-tailed deer in northeastern Minnesota.  Ph.D. thesis, 
     University of Minnesota, St. Paul.  
     
Nelson, M. E.  1993.  Natal dispersal and gene flow in white-tailed deer in 
     northeastern Minnesota.  J. Mammal. 74:316-322.

Nelson, M. E.  1995.  Winter range arrival and departure of white-tailed deer 
     in northeastern Minnesota.  Can. J. Zool. 73:1069-1076.  

Nelson, M. E.  1998.  Development of migration behavior in northern white-
     tailed deer.  Can. J. Zool. 76:426-432.

Nelson, M. E., and Mech, L. D.  1981.  Deer social organization and wolf 
     predation in northeastern Minnesota.  Wildl. Monogr. No. 77.  

Nelson, M. E., and Mech, L. D.  1984.  Home range formation and dispersal of 
     deer in northeastern Minnesota.  J. Mammal. 65:567-575.

Nelson, M. E., and Mech, L. D.  1986a.  Mortality of white-tailed deer in 
     northeastern Minnesota.  J. Wildl. Manage. 50:691-698.

Nelson, M. E., and Mech, L. D.  1986b.  Deer population in the central Superior 
     National Forest, 1967-1985.  U.S. For. Serv. Res. Pap. NC-271.

Nelson, M. E., and Mech, L. D.  1987.  Demes within a northeastern Minnesota 
     deer population.  In Mammalian dispersal patterns.  Edited by B. D. Chepko-
     Sade and Z. Halpin.  University of Chicago Press, Chicago.  pp. 27-40. 

Nixon, C. M., Hansen, L. P., Brewer, P. A., and Chelsvig, J. E.  1991.  Ecology 
     of white-tailed deer in an intensively farmed region of Illinois.  Wildl. 
     Monogr. No. 118.

Ozoga, J. J., Verme, L. J., and Bienz, C. S.  1982.  Parturition behavior and 
     territoriality in white-tailed deer: impact on neonatal mortality.  J. 
     Wildl. Manage. 46:1-11.

Palmer, R. S.  1951.  The white-tailed deer of Tomhegan Camps, Maine, with 
     added notes on fecundity.  J. Mammal. 32:267-280.

Porter, W. F., Mathews, N. E., Underwood, H. B., Sage, R. W., and Behrend, D. F.  
     1991.  Social organization in deer: implications for localized management.  
     Environ. Manage. 15:809-814.

Robinette, W. L., Hancock, N. V., and Jones, D. A.  1977.  The Oak Creek mule 
     deer herd in Utah.  Publ. No. 77-15, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, 
     Salt Lake City.

Severinghaus, C. W., and Cheatum, E. L.  1956.  Life and times of the white-
     tailed deer.  In The deer of North America.  Edited by W. P. Taylor, The 
     Stackpole Co., Harrisburg, Pa. pp. 57-186.

Staines, B. W.  1974.  A review of factors affecting deer dispersion and their 
     relevance to management.  Mammal Rev. 4:79-91.

Tierson, W. C., Mattfeld, G. F., Sage, R. W., and Behrend, D. F. 1985.  
     Seasonal movements and home ranges of white-tailed deer in the Adirondacks.  
     J. Wildl. Manage. 49:760-769.

Townsend, M. T., and Smith, M. W.  1933.  The white-tailed deer of the 
     Adirondacks.  Roosevelt Wildl. Bull. 6:161-325.