=============================================================================== NUMBER: 1 AUTHOR: Abbey, D.G.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Tangipahoa Crossing: restoring and preserving one of Louisiana's designated scenic rivers. SOURCE: Pages 107-124 in International Erosion Control Association. Erosion control: stay in tune. Proc. Intl. Erosion Control Assoc. Conf. XIX, New Orleans, LA. STATE: LA STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, CASE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: SOIL, SEED, PLANT, FERT, STABIL WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM1, PO-FO1, PO-SS1, R.-UB., RIPAR RESPONSE: PGENUS: CYNODON, LOLIUM, PASPALUM, SALIX, ACER, BETULA, FRAXINUS, CARPINUS, PRUNUS, POPULUS, QUERCUS, LONICERA, ULMUS, BERBERIS, CORNUS, RHUS, CRATAEGUS, LIGUSTRUM, ROSA, SAMBUCUS, PINUS, CELTIS, MANY CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes the planning and design for restoration of a portion of a natural scenic river, the Tangipahoa, Tangipahoa Parish, LA, crossed by a gas transmission pipeline. Topics include a cultural profile of Tangipahoa Parish, the natural profile of the general vicinity of the project site, and a design profile of the project. The design includes planting trees, shrubs, and bank cover; shaping and grading the river bank; installing an artificial irrigation system to insure survival of seedbeds during early stages of succession; biotechnical erosion control features; and creation of tree islands. Construction of the project had not yet begun. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 2 AUTHOR: Abernathy, M.C., D.J. Morris, and R. Van Wormer PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Wetland reclamation planning at the John Henry Mine in western Washington SOURCE: Pages 153-159 in R.P. Brooks, D.E. Samuel, and J.B. Hill, eds. Wetlands and water management on mined lands, proceedings of a workshop. Pennsylvania St. Univ., School For. Resour., University Park. STATE: WA STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, OVERVIEW, TECHNIQUE, CASE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT, INCIDENTAL, GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, SEED, PLANT, HYDRO, CONTAM, MODEL WETLAND TYPE: PO-SS1, PO-FO1, PO-EM1, L.-... RESPONSE: PGENUS: SALIX, SPIRAEA, ALNUS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes a restoration plan for the marshy remnant of a manmade lake on coal-mined land in King County, northwestern WA. The marsh was created in 1971 by the breach of a dam. The restoration plan to enhance the 14 acre wetland includes a detailed review of mine plans and reclamation schedules, site reconnaissance, and summaries of geologic, geotechnical, and hydrologic features. The final plan calls for partially backfilling an open mine pit, while blending the original lake into the 5.2-5.6 ha wetland at the shallow end. A water control structure will be installed to permit water level fluctuations and banks will be graded to a 3:1 slope to allow development of shrubs and wildlife habitat. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1558 AUTHOR: Adair, S.E., J.L. Moore, and C.P. Onuf PUBL. YEAR: 1994 TITLE: Distribution and status of submerged vegetation in estuaries of the upper Texas coast SOURCE: Wetlands 14(2):110-121. STATE: TX STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: MODEL WETLAND TYPE: E1-AB3 RESPONSE: VEG, WFOWL PGENUS: HALODULE, RUPPIA, THALASSIA, VALLISNERIA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report documents current submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) distributions along the upper Texas coast; examines relationships of species compositon and distribution with environmental changes and properties; and compares current distribution patterns with those from the early 1970's. Aerial photographs were compared, vegetative cover maps were drawn, and the Matagorda and Galveston Bay complexes were sampled for vegetation and water quality parameters. Halodule wrightii and Ruppia maritima were the most abundant SAV species, the amounts of each increasing with increased salinity and tended to dominate the lower intertidal and upper subtidal zones. Current trends indicate a reduction in the total area of vegetated bottom in the northern gulf coast with the greatest loss being in the Galveston Bay Complex. Only one bay in this complex has any SAV meadows remaining; whereas, there has actually been an increase of vegetated bottom in the Matagorda Bay Complex. The authors suggest shorefront development, channelization, barrier island destruction, dredging, Hurricane Carla (1961), chemical spills, and wastewater discharges are the principal agents causing SAV reduction in Galvaston Bay. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 3 AUTHOR: Adams, D.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1963 TITLE: Factors influencing vascular plant zonation in North Carolina salt marshes SOURCE: Ecology 44(3):445-456. STATE: NC STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT, GENERAL ACTION: CUT, LAB WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1 RESPONSE: VEG, SOIL, CHEM, WQUAL PGENUS: SPARTINA, JUNCUS, DISTICHLIS, ASTER, SCIRPUS, LIMONIUM, SALICORNIA, BORRICHIA, FIMBRISTYLIS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This study describes salt marsh vegetation and its relationship to sea level at 7 sites along the lower coast of NC. Statistical analyses were performed on vegetation and soil samples; comparisons of 10 marsh plant species are presented in tables. Species in the low marsh consisted of Spartina alterniflora, Salicornia perennis, Limonium carolinianum, and Juncus roemerianus. The high marsh species association was Aster tenuifolius, Distichlis spicata, Spartina patens, Fimbristylis castanea, and Borrichia frutescens. Salinity, soil Ph, water table depth, and water nutrient concentrations were measured to determine the relationship between these environmental conditions and salt marsh succession. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 5 AUTHOR: Adams, D.D., D.A. Darby, and R.J. Young PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Habitat development field investigations, Windmill Point Marsh development site, James River, Virginia SOURCE: Appendix F: environmental impacts of marsh development with dredged material - sediment and water quality. Volume II: substrate and chemical flux characteristics of a dredged material marsh. U.S. Army Corps Eng. Waterways Exp. Stn., Environ. Lab., Vicksburg, MS, Tech. Rep. D-77-23. 495 pp. STATE: VA STUDY TYPE: COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: SPOIL WETLAND TYPE: R1-UB., R1-US2, R1-US3, R2-US3, R1-EM2, PO-FO1, R2-US2, R2-EM2 RESPONSE: SOIL, CHEM, WQUAL, SUCCESS PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report is the second of a 2-volume study of sediment characteristics of a dredged material marsh at Windmill Point, James River, VA. Substrate sediment studies and physical/chemical transport characteristics of the marsh development site and a natural marsh are compared. The natural marsh substrate was more acidic and slightly more oxidized, with finer, more organic sediments that had a higher cation exchange capacity. Water quality studies included measurements of temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, alkalinity, and dissolved nutrients. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 4 AUTHOR: Adams, D.D., D.A. Darby, and R.J. Young PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Habitat development field investigations, Windmill Point Marsh development site, James River, Virginia SOURCE: Appendix F: environmental impacts of marsh development with dredged material: sediment and water quality. Volume I: characteristics of channel sediments before dredging and effluent quality during and shortly after marsh habitat development. U.S. Army Corps Eng. Waterways Exp. Stn., Environ. Lab., Vicksburg, MS, Tech. Rep. D-77-23. 79 pp. STATE: VA STUDY TYPE: CASE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, SPOIL WETLAND TYPE: R1-UB., R1-US2, R1-US3, R2-US3, R1-EM2, PO-FO1, R2-US2, R2-EM2 RESPONSE: SOIL, CHEM PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report describes sediment and water quality at the Windmill Point Marsh development site, James River, VA. River bottom sediments were fine-textured and poorly sorted. Sediments were described in terms of temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, water, volatile solids, particle size, minerals, and cation exchange capacity. Channel sediment characteristics and chemical quality of effluent leaving the marsh development site were studied during dredged material disposal (for marsh substrate), during dewatering, and 3.5 months after dredging (before planting). Baseline data are examined in detail to evaluate potential detrimental effects on successful marsh development and to assess the presence of pollutants. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 6 AUTHOR: Adams, S.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Investigation of environmental enhancement needs and alternatives for the Loxahatchee Slough/Canal 18 Basin, Florida SOURCE: Pages 1-16 in F.J. Webb, ed. Proceedings of the tenth annual conference on wetland restoration and creation. Hillsborough Community Coll., Tampa, FL. STATE: FL STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: HYDRO, GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, HYDRO, MODEL WETLAND TYPE: PO-..., E2-... RESPONSE: HYDRO, WQUAL, CHEM PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes 3 alternative water management plans for the environmental enhancement of Loxahatchee Slough and the Northwest Fork of the Loxahatchee River, Martin and Palm Beach Counties, FL. These areas have been severely altered by drainage activities and subsequent saltwater intrusion. A computerized simulation model, developed to test the applicability of the management plans, was based on analysis of the hydrological characteristics of the study areas. Flood control, water supply, water quality, and environmental preservation and enhancement are focal points of the plans. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 7 AUTHOR: Adamski, J.M., and M.F.P. Michalski PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Reclamation of acidified lakes--Middle and Lohi, Sudbury, Ontario SOURCE: Verh. Intl. Verein. Limnol. 19:1971-1983. STATE: ONTARIO, CANADA STUDY TYPE: COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: WQUAL ACTION: CONTAM WETLAND TYPE: L.-... RESPONSE: VEG, CHEM, WQUAL PGENUS: MOUGEOTIA, OOCYSTIS, SELENASTRUM, PERIDINIUM, DINOBRYON, CRYPTOMONAS, RHODOMONAS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses the addition of chemical neutralizing agents to supplement the natural buffering capacity of 2 acidified lakes: Middle and Lohi, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Calcium hydroxide was the primary treatment chemical; calcium carbonate was applied after initial treatment with calcium hydroxide was complete. Substantial reductions in heavy metal content were recorded following chemical neutralization. Lime demand also decreased and pH increased. Chlorophyll concentrations were low and small nutrient additions may eventually be necessary to enhance productivity. Results indicated that combined calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate treatment is a simple, effective, and relatively inexpensive water management tool for reclaiming acidic lakes of the Precambrian Shield. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 8 AUTHOR: Adamus, P.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Wetland evaluation technique for bottomland hardwood functions SOURCE: U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency, Environ. Res. Lab., Corvallis, OR, Draft Rep. 74 pp. STATE: MANY STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: INCIDENTAL ACTION: MODEL WETLAND TYPE: PO-FO., R.-..., E2-FO., RIPAR RESPONSE: PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report presents a wetland evaluation technique for bottomland hardwoods on river floodplains in the Mississippi Valley Alluvial Plain, Gulf Coastal Plain, and South Atlantic Coastal Plain. This procedure includes an assessment of social significance and wetland functions: groundwater discharge, flood flow alteration, sediment stabilization, sediment/toxicant retention, nutrient removal/transformation, production export, and finfish, shellfish, and wildlife habitat. Also included in the report are discussions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's bottomland hardwood initiatives, relationship of this assessment technique to other assessment methods, the importance of bottomland hardwoods to wetland functions, and implementation of the technique. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 9 AUTHOR: Adamus, P.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Criteria for created or restored wetlands SOURCE: Pages 369-372 in D.D. Hook, ed. The ecology and management of wetlands, vol. 2. Timber Press, Portland, OR. STATE: MANY STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: WETLAND TYPE: PO-..., E.-..., M.-..., L.-..., R.-... RESPONSE: SUCCESS PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses criteria for determining the effectiveness of wetland replacement (i.e., in attempting to answer the question of whether or not new or restored wetlands are as "good" as the wetlands they replace). Failure to successfully create or recreate most natural wetland conditions and functions is weighed against benefits of mitigation for at least some of the losses. The author's wetland evaluation technique is presented and discussed. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1001 AUTHOR: Ailstock, M.S. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: A review of beach prisms: their application for wetlands creation under moderate to high energy conditions SOURCE: Pages 7-16 in F.J. Webb, Jr., ed. Proceedings of the fourteenth annual conference on wetlands restoration and creation. Hillsborough Commun. Coll., Plant City, FL. STATE: MD STUDY TYPE: CASE OBJECTIVE: EROSION ACTION: STABIL WETLAND TYPE: R2-US2, R1-US2 RESPONSE: SOIL PGENUS: SPARTINA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper evaluates effectiveness of using beach prisms to stabilize a sand spit at the mouth of forked creek, a small tributary of the Magothy River, Anne Arundel County, MD. Beach prisms are modular, precast, preassembled erosion control systems that function as permeable, detached breakwaters, and effect deposition of sediments suspended in the water column. Sediments are first deposited behind the prisms and eventually out in front as the shoreline profile becomes modified to a gradual run-up configuration. A net accretion of coarse sand sediments was observed both above and below mean low water behind the prisms after 9 months. Accreted sediments were not stable and planting of Spartina was recommended to minimize loss of accumulated material during storm events. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1531 AUTHOR: Ales, J.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1993 TITLE: Status report for coastal wetlands conservation and restoration programs as of March 1, 1993 SOURCE: Department of Natural Resources Coastal Restoration Division. Baton Rouge, LA. STATE: LA STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: EROSION ACTION: LFORM, PLANT, HYDRO, SPOIL, STABIL WETLAND TYPE: E1.-..., E2.-... RESPONSE: ECON, SOIL PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report lists wetland restoration and creation projects proposed by 1993 in various areas along the Louisiana coast. Project descriptions, location maps, and project status are listed. Initiation and completion dates or proposed dates for each pending project are given for planning, cost sharing, feasibility, permitting, monitoring plan, design, landrights, operation and maintenance plan, contracting, construction, operation and maintenence, and monitoring. Many of the projects covered in the 1993 report are different from those covered in the 1994 report. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1530 AUTHOR: Ales, J.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1994 TITLE: Status report for coastal wetlands conservation and restoration program as of March 1, 1994 SOURCE: Department of Natural Resources Coastal Restoration Division. Baton Rouge, LA. STATE: LA STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: EROSION ACTION: LFORM, PLANT, HYDRO, SPOIL, STABIL WETLAND TYPE: E1.-..., E2.-... RESPONSE: ECON, SOIL PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report lists wetland restoration and creation projects proposed by 1994 in various areas along the Louisiana coast. Project descriptions, location maps of proposed projects, and project status are listed. Initiated and completion dates or proposed dates for each pending project are given for planning, cost sharing, feasibility, permitting, monitoring plan, design, landrights, operation and maintenance plan, contracting, construction, operation and maintenence, and monitoring. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 10 AUTHOR: Allen, H.H. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Planting techniques to stabilize reservoir shoreline at Lake Wallula, Oregon/Washington SOURCE: Pages 1-3 in Environmental and water quality operational studies. U.S. Army Corps Eng. Waterways Exp. Stn., Vicksburg, MS, Info. Exchange Bull. Vol. E-83-3. STATE: OR, WA STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: EROSION ACTION: PLANT, STABIL WETLAND TYPE: L.-..., PO-EM1, L2-US2, PO-SS1, PO-FO1 RESPONSE: VEG, SOIL PGENUS: SALIX, CAREX, PHALARIS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes planting techniques used to stabilize a sandy beach subject to wind and wave action along the shoreline at Lake Wallula, OR/WA. Ten woody and 15 herbaceous plant species were transplanted in monotypic plots along 3 elevational contours on the beach. A 1.2 m high snow fence was erected in front of the plots in an attempt to still any wave action. Four plots each of willow fascines, willow mats, and reed rolls were tested. All 3 techniques have been successively used for stream bank stabilization in other studies; however, the techniques failed at Lake Wallula. The revised technique was a willow/fence combination using much earlier season willow stock and willow switches planted upright to avoid smothering by shifting sand. This modified technique resulted in 75-100% survival and 135-138% cover increase. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 11 AUTHOR: Allen, H.H.,E.J. Clairain, R.J. Diaz, A.W. Ford, L.F. Junt, and B.R. Wells PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Habitat development field investigations-- Bolivar Peninsula Marsh and upland habitat development site, Galveston, Texas: summary report SOURCE: U.S. Army Corps Eng. Waterways Exp. Stn., Environ. Lab., Vicksburg, MS, Tech. Rep. D-78-15. 73 pp. STATE: TX STUDY TYPE: COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: LFORM, SEED, PLANT, SPOIL, FERT WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1 RESPONSE: FISH, INVERT, SHELLF, MAMMALS, SHOREB, VEG, SOIL, ECON, SUCCESS PGENUS: SPARTINA, MYRICA, QUERCUS, RHUS, PANICUM, CYNODON, CROTON, ANDROPOGON, TAMARIX CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This summary report describes habitat development on dredged spoil material at Bolivar Peninsula, Galveston, TX. Plantings of marsh grasses and upland vegetation were successful after 2 1/2 years. Plants were protected from wind, waves, and grazing animals. A sandbag dike was constructed, but consideration of more cost-effective alternatives was recommended. Elevation was the most important determinant of marsh grass success. Smooth cordgrass thrived best at elevations below mean high tide; saltmeadow cordgrass thrived best above mean high tide. Preliminary observations indicated that development of this marsh was associated with increases in benthic organisms, insects, and fish; bird diversity and activity in the planted areas also increased. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 12 AUTHOR: Allen, H.H., and C.V. Klimas PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Reservoir shoreline revegetation guidelines SOURCE: U.S. Army Corps Eng., Waterways Exp. Stn., Environ. Lab., Vicksburg, MS, Tech Rep. E-86-13. 87 pp. STATE: SD, OK, TX, OR, WA STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, TECHNIQUE, COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT, EROSION, EXPERIMENT ACTION: LFORM, SOIL, SEED, PLANT, STABIL WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM1, L2-US4, PO-SS1, L2-EM2 RESPONSE: VEG, HUSE, SOIL, ECON, SUCCESS PGENUS: SALIX, CAREX, JUNCUS, ELEOCHARIS, POLYGONUM, DESCHAMPSIA, SAGITTARIA, TYPHA, SCIRPUS, PANICUM, ROSA, CORNUS, MANY CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report examines the feasibility of establishing vegetation on shorelines subjected to varying water levels at Lake Oahe, SD; Lake Wallula, OR/WA; and Lake Texoma, OK/TX. Guidelines for developing vegetation include site planning, site preparation, planting methods, costs, postplanting operations, monitoring, and maintenance. This report focuses on reduced costs of vegetation establishment and specialized planting techniques. Results and problems from each site are discussed. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1305 AUTHOR: Allen, H.H., G.J. Pierce, and R.V. Wormer PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Considerations and techniques for vegetation establishment in constructed wetlands SOURCE: Pages 405-415 in D.A. Hammer, ed. Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial, and Agricultural. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, MI. STATE: MANY STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: HYDRO, SOIL, PLANT WETLAND TYPE: PO.-..., E.-... RESPONSE: VEG PGENUS: MANY CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses techniques and considerations for developing wetlands. The authors focus on hydrologic variables, substrate, vegetation (herbaceous macrophytes), sources of plant materials, planting methods, and water level management. One can determine the species and method of planting by understanding the relation among hydrology, substrate, and vegetation as well as other environmental conditions. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 13 AUTHOR: Allen, H.H., and J.W. Webb PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: Influence of breakwaters on artificial salt marsh establishment on dredged material SOURCE: Pages 18-35 in F.J. Webb, ed. Proceedings of the ninth annual conference on wetland restoration and creation. Hillsborough Commun. Coll., Tampa, FL. STATE: AL STUDY TYPE: CASE OBJECTIVE: EROSION, GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, SPOIL, PLANT, FERT, STABIL WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1, E2-US2, E2-US. RESPONSE: VEG, ECON PGENUS: SPARTINA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: Spartina alterniflora was planted on dredged material dikes on Theodore Disposal Island, Mobile Bay, AL. Sprigs planted in exposed areas without protection from waves were washed out in 1 month. Subsequent plantings were protected by 2 breakwater systems; those behind the floating tire breakwater had a 55.7% survival rate, the fixed breakwater a 24.3% rate, and no breakwater a 4.0% rate. Fertilized and unfertilized plant survival rates were not significantly different. Survival of transplants spaced at 1.0 m was 34.3%; at 0.5 m spacing, survival was 21.8%. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1238 AUTHOR: Allen, H.H., and J.W. Webb PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Erosion control with saltmarsh vegetation SOURCE: Coastal Zone 83(2):735-748. STATE: AL STUDY TYPE: CASE OBJECTIVE: EROSION ACTION: SPOIL, PLANT, STABIL, FERT WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1 RESPONSE: VEG, ECON, SUCCESS PGENUS: SPARTINA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: In 1981 and 1982 Spartina alterniflora sprigs were planted in a 1.7 ha area along the shore of a dredged material island in Mobile Bay, AL to determine the techniques effectiveness for erosion control. Planted sites were: 1) left unprotected from wave action; 2) placed behind a fixed breakwater; or 3) placed behind a floating-tire breakwater. Wave-break designs and costs are detailed. Two sites with wave-breaks were fertilized; no significant response in cordgrass growth was observed. Sprig mortality rates after 2 months were: 1) almost 100% on the unprotected areas; 2) 75.7% behind fixed breakwaters; and 3) 64% and 44.3% behind floating-tire breakwaters. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 14 AUTHOR: Allen, H.H., J.W. Webb, and S.O. Shirley PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Wetlands development in moderate wave-energy climates SOURCE: Pages 943-955 in R.L. Montgomery and J.W. Leach, eds. Dredging and dredged material disposal. Vol. 2. Proc. Dredging '84 Conf., Am. Soc. Civil Eng., New York. STATE: AL STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: EROSION, EXPERIMENT ACTION: PLANT, SPOIL, STABIL, LAB WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1, E2-US2 RESPONSE: VEG, SOIL, ECON PGENUS: SPARTINA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses marsh grass (Spartina alterniflora) establishment techniques used to stabilize erodible areas of Theodore Island, a dredged material island in Mobile Bay, AL. Some of the experimental plots had previously washed out due to wave action after 2 or 3 planting attempts using bare-rooted, single-stemmed sprigs. Various treatments using mats, tires, plant wrappings, and bare-root plants were used. Three techniques appeared promising for erosion control at a reasonable cost: 1) plant rolls; 2) burlap bundles; and 3) plants sprigged in slits of 1.1 kg/m2 paratex mat. These treatments were 1.5-7 times more expensive than conventionally planted single-stemmed transplants, but had 2-3.3 times more plant survival after 5 months. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1232 AUTHOR: Allen, J.A., and H.E. Kennedy, Jr. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Bottomland hardwood reforestation in the Lower Mississippi Valley SOURCE: U.S. Fish & Wildl. Serv., Natl. Wetland Res. Cent., Slidell, LA and U.S. For. Serv., South. For. Exp. Stn., Stoneville, MS Publ. 28 pp. STATE: MO, KY, TN, MS, AR, LA STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT, HARVEST ACTION: SEED, PLANT, SOIL WETLAND TYPE: PO-FO1 RESPONSE: SUCCESS, ECON PGENUS: QUERCUS, CARYA, TAXODIUM, NYSSA, FRAXINUS, DIOSPYROS, ACER, PLATANUS, LIQUIDAMBAR CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: Describes techniques landowners can use to reestablish bottomland hardwood forests in the Lower Mississippi Valley. Site preparation needs, criteria for species selection, seeding/planting techniques,and monitoring requirements are discussed. In 1989 average costs for direct seeding were $40-$60/acre; planting seedlings costs were $80-$120/acre. Appendix A lists 20 hardwood species suitable for restoration along with species specific information: soil types for best growth; flood tolerance; time of seed dissemination; suitability for direct seeding; timber production; waterfowl food; deer/turkey food; and additional comments. Appendix B lists several seed/seedling sources by state. KEYWORDS: bottomland hardwoods/reforestation/lower Mississippi Valley/ technique/bottomland hardwood forests/Mississippi =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1182 AUTHOR: Allen, J.A., J.T. Teaford, E.C. Pendleton, and M. Brody PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Evaluation of greentree reservoir management options in Arkansas SOURCE: Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 53:471-480. STATE: AR STUDY TYPE: CASE, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT ACTION: MODEL WETLAND TYPE: PO-FO1, PO-FO2, L.-..., RIPARIAN RESPONSE: VEG, HYDRO PGENUS: TAXODIUM, NYSSA, QUERCUS, CARYA, LIQUIDAMBAR CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes a study of the long-term impacts of various flooding schedules on vegetation, using a bottomland hardwood forest succession simulation model. The site is Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge in southern Arkansas at the confluence of the Ouachita and Saline Rivers. About 22,000 acres are managed as a greentree reservoir. Three forest types predominate: cypress/ tupelo; overcup oak/water hickory; and sweetgum/nuttall oak/willow oak. The application of FORFLO, a model developed at the National Wetlands Research Center, is described in detail. Results presented in this paper are the averages of 50 possible outcomes, and approximate what is most likely to occur barring unusual conditions. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 15 AUTHOR: Ambrose, R.E., C.R. Hinkle, and C.R. Wenzel PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Practices for protecting and enhancing fish and wildlife on coal surface-mined land in the southcentral U.S. U.S. Fish Wildl SOURCE: Serv. FWS/OBS-83-11. 229 pp. STATE: AR, LA, OK, TX STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: LFORM, SOIL, SEED, PLANT, STOCK, HYDRO, CUT, FERT, FIRE, STABIL, CONTAM WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM., PO-FO., PO-SS., PO-AB., R.-..., L.-..., RIPAR RESPONSE: ECON PGENUS: PINUS, QUERCUS, POPULUS, CARYA, ILEX, CEPHALANTHUS, SCIRPUS, TYPHA, POTAMOGETON, MANY CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report is a handbook on the best current practices used to minimize disturbances and adverse impacts of surface mining on fish and wildlife resources of the southcentral U.S. Topics include: 1) planning for various fish and wildlife needs, 2) protecting resources during mining; 3) reclamation techniques to enhance fish and wildlife resources; and 4) examples of regional reclamation planning. Reclamation techniques include seeding, planting, stabilizing banks, creating impoundments, stocking fish, developing islands, and providing nesting habitat, cover, and food plots. Risks, limitations, approximate costs, and maintenance and management requirements of each practice are provided. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 16 AUTHOR: Amen, R.D., G.E. Carter, and R.J. Kelly PUBL. YEAR: 1970 TITLE: The nature of seed dormancy and germination in the salt marsh grass Distichlis spicata SOURCE: New Phytol. 69:1005-1013. STATE: NC STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT ACTION: SEED, LAB WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1 RESPONSE: VEG PGENUS: DISTICHLIS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses seed dormancy and germination in salt marsh grass (Distichlis spicata) collected from Southport, NC. The dormancy of Distichlis seeds was broken by a brief (4 weeks) low-temperature (4 degrees C) period after ripening. Localized scarification and nitrate also were effective agents in breaking dormancy and promoting seed germination. The pericarp and/or testa are impermeable to organic plant-growth regulators, but not to water or inorganic salts. Gibberellic acid and kinetin are ineffective in breaking dormancy and do not affect germination. Abscisic acid, however, effectively inhibits stratified and scarified seeds. Dormancy and germination appear to be hormonally controlled. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1002 AUTHOR: American Fisheries Society--Western Division PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: The best management practices for the management and protection of western riparian stream ecosystems SOURCE: am. Fish. Soc., Western Div., Orem, UT. 45 pp. STATE: MANY STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, OVERVIEW, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, SOIL, SEED, PLANT, STOCK, HYDRO, FERT, STABIL, CONTAM WETLAND TYPE: R.-..., RIPAR, PO-EM., PO-SS., PO-FO. RESPONSE: PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report presents best management practices for western riparian stream ecosystems and addresses seven primary impacts: livestock grazing, mining, water development and irrigation, road construction, agriculture and urbanization, and timber harvest. Information includes damages caused by various impacts, planning management schemes, designing habitat restoration or protection measures, regulations involved in protecting riparian stream ecosystems, and management practice techniques. Practices useful for wetland creation/restoration projects include tailing pond construction in mined areas, mine pond reclamation, enhancement of channelized streams, stream revegetation techniques, and restoration of riparian habitats. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 17 AUTHOR: Amoros, C., G. Pautou, and J. Bravard PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: The reversible process concept applied to the environmental management of large river systems SOURCE: 1987. . Environ. Manage. 11(5):607-617. STATE: FRANCE STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, OVERVIEW, COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: WETLAND TYPE: R.-... RESPONSE: SUCCESS PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This article describes ecological succession and reversible processes in terms of river system restoration. Case studies (in France) include: 1) a braided section of the Upper Rhone River; and 2) a meandering section of the Lower Ain River. Both stability and reversible processes influence the recovery capacity (without human action) of ecosystems. The probability of ecosystem regeneration (on various temporal and spatial time scales) and cost of restoration (with human action) can be estimated by evaluating the degree of reversibility and the energy inputs required to reverse system changes. The preservation of pioneer and transient short-life stages within large river systems is discussed. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1190 AUTHOR: Anderson, B PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Deep tillage aids tree establishment in riparian revegetation projects in arid southwest SOURCE: Restor. Manage. Notes 6(2):84-87. STATE: AZ, CA STUDY TYPE: COMPARATIVE, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT ACTION: LFORM, HYDRO WETLAND TYPE: RIPARIAN, R2-..., R3-..., PO-FO1 RESPONSE: VEG PGENUS: POPULUS, SALIX, TAMARIX CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This article describes an experimental project to investigate the effects of deep tilling on riparian tree establishment in a 125 acre area along the Lower Colorado River, and on a less arid site on the Kern River. Plants in holes that were tilled to the water table exhibited about 3 times the growth in height of trees planted in shallow-tilled holes at the same site. Advantages of planting trees that have an opportunity to root deeply and establish direct connection with the water table are described. The amount and rate of irrigation to increase its effectiveness and reduce costs are also discussed. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 18 AUTHOR: Anderson, B.W., J. Disano, D.L. Brooks, and R.D. Ohmart PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Mortality and growth of cottonwood on dredge-spoil SOURCE: Pages 438-444 in R.E. Warner and K.M. Hendrix, eds. California riparian systems: ecology, conservation, and productive management. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, California Water Resour. Rep. No. 55. STATE: CA STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, CASE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT, GENERAL ACTION: PLANT, SPOIL, FERT WETLAND TYPE: R2-..., PO-FO1, RIPAR RESPONSE: VEG PGENUS: POPULUS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes a study that reintroduced Populus fremontii along the Lower Colorado River in Imperial County, CA. Riparian trees were planted on a 30 ha site to determine growth under a variety of tillage and irrigation conditions. Trees were placed in augered tilled holes, 1.2 and 3 m deep, with time-release fertilizer. All trees were irrigated with 121 l of water/day for 150 days; after that time, different groups of trees were subjected to various irrigation patterns. The average growth rate of the trees was 0.007 m/day. The fastest growth of 0.014 m/day occurred during august-October; the slowest growth occurred in the 90 days following planting. Relationships between growth and irrigation and growth and tillage are discussed. A list of planting recommendations is included. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1194 AUTHOR: Anderson, B.W., W.C. Hunter, and R.D. Ohmart PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Status changes of bird species using revegetated riparian habitats on the Lower Colorado River from 1977 to 1984 SOURCE: Pages 325-331 in D.L. Abell, tech. coord. Proceedings of the California riparian systems conference: protection, management, and restoration for the 1990s, 1988 September 22-24, Davis, CA. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-110. STATE: CA, AZ STUDY TYPE: CASE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: PLANT WETLAND TYPE: RIPAR, PO-FO1, PO-SS1 RESPONSE: SUCCESS, NGBIRDS, WFOWL PGENUS: SALIX, POPULUS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: Two dredge-spoil sites were revegetated on the Lower Colorado River with native riparian trees. Another site (Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, south of Blythe, CA) was cleared of exotic saltcedar and revegetated with native shrubs. Sites were censused for birds through all phases of revegetation. Bird species were grouped by natural history characteristics to determine changes in the types of species occurring during the development of revegetation sites. Most species responded positively within 2 years after planting, including some sensitive species. This study is the first of its kind to document changes in bird use of artificially established native riparian habitats. (AA-Mod) KEYWORDS: birds/habitat/proceedings/California/restoration/dredge spoil/ revegetation/bird use/saltcedar/Tamarix chinensis/revegetated riparian habitats/lower Colorado River/status/riparian/riparian habitats/trees/shrubs/protection/management =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1193 AUTHOR: Anderson, B.W., and S.A. Laymon PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Creating habitat for the yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americana) SOURCE: Pages 468-472 in D.L. Abell, tech. coord. Proceedings of the California riparian systems conference: protection, management, and restoration for the 1990s, 1988 September 22-24, Davis, CA. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-110. STATE: CA, TX, AZ STUDY TYPE: CASE, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: PLANT WETLAND TYPE: RIPAR, PO-FO1, PO-SS1 RESPONSE: SUCCESS, VEG, NGBIRDS PGENUS: SALIX, POPULUS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: Yellow-billed cuckoos (a declining species) require dense willow and cottonwood stands for nesting and foraging. Restoration of cuckoo habitat along the Rio Grande River (Presidio, TX), on the Lower Colorado River, CA/AZ, and on the Kern River Preserve near Weldon, CA is described. Salix and Populus were planted in patterns conducive to the development of dense riparian stands. Data concerning survival rates and the associated decreases in survival and vigor for plants exposed to browsing, competition from weeds, and salinity are presented. Cuckoo use began in 2nd year on the Colorado River site and in the 3rd year on the Kern River Preserve. KEYWORDS: habitat/proceedings/California/restoration/Kern River/insects/ revegetation/birds/wildlife/yellow-billed cuckoo/Coccyzus americana/riparian habitats/lower Colorado River/South Fork Kern River/cottonwood/Populus fremontii/willow/Salix spp./southern California/creating habitat/riparian/trees/salinity/protection/ management =============================================================================== NUMBER: 20 AUTHOR: Anderson, B.W., and R.D. Ohmart PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Riparian revegetation: an approach to mitigating for a disappearing habitat in the southwest SOURCE: Pages 481-487 in G.A. Swanson, Tech. Coord. The mitigation symposium: a national workshop on mitigating losses of fish and wildlife habitat. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-65. STATE: AZ, CA STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW, CASE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT, GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, SEED, PLANT, SPOIL, MODEL WETLAND TYPE: PO-FO1, PO-SS1, R.-..., RIPAR RESPONSE: MAMMALS, NGBIRDS, VEG, ECON, SUCCESS PGENUS: ATRIPLEX, PHORADENDRON, SUAEDA, LYCIUM, TAMARIX, CERCIDIUM, PROSOPIS, SALIX, POPULUS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes a riparian revegetation project along the Colorado River. Planning for mitigation included: 1) use of baseline wildlife data; 2) thorough data analysis; 3) use of predictive models; 4) site preparation, equipment needs, and costs; 5) implementation of design (labor requirements); and 6) monitoring. Site preparation included removal of salt cedar (an undesirable exotic) and backhoeing or augering a hole for each tree to be planted. Because root penetration to the water table is impeded by layers of dense soil, this process ensures that roots of new vegetation gain access to the water table. Birds were the primary test group because of their more visible response to habitat changes. Revegetation of 400 ha in the Lower Colorado River Valley required 10 years (3 for clearing and planting, 7 for monitoring) and cost $3.5-4.5 million. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 22 AUTHOR: Anderson, B.W., and R.D. Ohmart PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: Revegetation for wildlife enhancement along the Lower Colorado River SOURCE: U.S. Dept. Interior, Bur. Reclam., Boulder City, NV, Contract No. 7-07-30-V0009. 215 pp. STATE: AZ, CA STUDY TYPE: COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT, GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, PLANT, SPOIL WETLAND TYPE: R2-..., R3-..., PO-FO1, PO-SS1, RIPAR RESPONSE: MAMMALS, WFOWL, NGBIRDS, SHOREB, REPT, VEG, ECON PGENUS: SALIX, POPULUS, TAMARIX, CERCIDIUM, PROSOPIS, SUAEDA, PHORADENDRON, ATRIPLEX, SALSOLA, BASSIA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report describes revegetation efforts to enhance wildlife habitat along the Lower Colorado River. All 3 revegetation sites are near Palo Verde, CA. Two sites were barren dredge spoil; the third was on the Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, Yuma County, AZ. Bird populations had been censused on the latter area for 3 years prior to clearing the site; bird communities before and after clearing are compared in detail. Willow, cottonwood, quailbush, inkweed, smotherweed, and honey mesquite were planted on the refuge site; salt cedar was cleared. Avian community structures and density changes, reptile populations, small mammals in revegetated areas, costs of reintroducing native vegetation, irrigation systems, soil analyses, and tree growth and survival are discussed. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 21 AUTHOR: Anderson, B.W., and R.D. Ohmart PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Avian use of revegetated riparian zones SOURCE: Pages 626-631 in R.E. Warner and K.M. Hendrix, eds. California riparian systems: ecology, conservation, and productive management. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, California Water Resour. Rep. No. 55. STATE: CA STUDY TYPE: COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT, EXPERIMENT ACTION: SPOIL, CUT WETLAND TYPE: PO-FO1, R2-..., PO-SS1, RIPAR RESPONSE: NGBIRDS, VEG PGENUS: POPULUS, SALIX, ATRIPLEX, SUAEDA, TAMARIX CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes a study of avian densities on a revegetated portion of the Lower Colorado River in CA. Populus fremontii, Salix gooddingii, and Atriplex lentiformis were reintroduced on 3 10-30 ha sites. Avian transects were established on barren dredge-spoil and a previously mixed salt cedar/willow stand cleared of salt cedar. Avian variables were numbers of permanent resident insectivores, visiting insectivores, and granivores. Tables compare avian densities at each site. Avian colonization occurred on the revegetated site after 17 months and on the cleared site after 5 months. The clearing of salt cedar from an area has little deleterious effect on bird populations. Dead trees and trees with snags should not be removed because they are important habitat components for several bird species. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 19 AUTHOR: Anderson, B.W., and R.D. Ohmart PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Riparian revegetation as a mitigating process in stream and river restoration SOURCE: Pages 41-79 in J.A. Gore, ed. The restoration of rivers and streams. Butterworth Publ., Boston, MA. STATE: CA, AZ STUDY TYPE: CASE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT, HYDRO ACTION: LFORM, PLANT, SPOIL, CUT WETLAND TYPE: R.-US5, PO-FO., PO-SS., RIPAR RESPONSE: MAMMALS, WFOWL, NGBIRDS, VEG, ECON, SUCCESS PGENUS: TAMARIX, ATRIPLEX, PROSOPIS, CERCIDIUM, POPULUS, SALIX CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This article describes the revegetation of desert riparian systems, with the focus on a case study along the Colorado River near the U.S./Mexico border. Plans were developed for: 1) elimination of the exotic salt cedar; and 2) maximum growth and survival of native plants. Preliminary studies included analyses of vegetation, avian habitat, and rodent habitat. Collection of data was followed by 3 years of revegetation experiments. Salt cedars were removed by clearing, burning, and root-ripping to 30 cm below the surface. Deep tillage improved growth and survival of planted cottonwoods and willows. Avian response to revegetation is described in detail by season. Revegetation costs are evaluated in detail, including cost/acre, cost/tree, labor, management, equipment, material and supplies, and monitoring. An outline for mitigation planning is presented. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 23 AUTHOR: Anderson, B.W., R.D. Ohmart, and J. Disano PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Revegetating the riparian floodplain for wildlife SOURCE: Pages 318-331 in R.R. Johnson and J.F. McCormick, Tech. Coord. Strategies for protection and management of floodplain wetlands and other riparian ecosystems. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-12. STATE: CA, AZ STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, CASE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: SEED, PLANT, MODEL WETLAND TYPE: PO-FO1, PO-SS1, R.-..., RIPAR RESPONSE: INVERT, MAMMALS, NGBIRDS, VEG, SUCCESS PGENUS: TAMARIX, POPULUS, SALIX, ATRIPLEX, PHORADENDRON, SALSOLA, BASSIA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes a study of wildlife value of riparian vegetation along the lower reaches of the Colorado River. The first phase, begun in 1973, focused on describing wildlife habitat vegetation characteristics. From this information, a model for revegetating riparian areas for wildlife was developed. Three successional vegetative communities were established simultaneously on 1 study area. The early stage was dominated by annuals that developed rapidly and had high wildlife value. This stage quickly offset losses from land clearing. The second stage (shrubs) persisted without watering and also offset initial losses from land clearing. Trees dominated the third stage; as they matured, their full value to wildlife was realized. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1269 AUTHOR: Anderson, E.E. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Economic benefits of habitat restoration: seagrass and the Virginia hard-shell blue crab fishery SOURCE: North American Journal of Fisheries Management 9:140-149. STATE: VA STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: HABITAT, HARVEST ACTION: MODEL WETLAND TYPE: E1-AB3 RESPONSE: ECON, SHELLF PGENUS: ZOSTERA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: The author proposes a model predicting the economic benefits of restoring eelgrass in the Chesapeake Bay. The author assumes cessation of pollution and total restoration of seagrass in the bay. The model is applied to estimate the economic benefits and their distribution that might result from increased hard-shell blue crab production. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 24 AUTHOR: Anderson, J.W., R.G. Riley, and R.M. Bean PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Recruitment of benthic animals as a function of petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the sediment SOURCE: J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 35:776-790. STATE: WA STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT ACTION: CONTAM, LAB WETLAND TYPE: M2-UB. RESPONSE: INVERT, SOIL, CHEM PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses results of 3 field installations, consisting of clean and oiled sediment in fiberglass trays placed in the intertidal zone of Sequin Bay, WA, to determine rates of hydrocarbon depuration and recruitment of benthic invertebrates. Individual compounds and hydrocarbon classes were quantified using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy techniques. Rates of depuration were monitored up to 290 days in surface-oiled, coarse sediments and in finer substrate mixed with oil; rates were much higher in surface-oiled sediments. At initial concentrations of 5,000-6,000 ppm (surface-oiled) and 700 ppm (sediment-oiled), no substantial inhibition of recruitment of benthic organisms was observed. Detailed results are presented. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 25 AUTHOR: Andersson, G., H. Berggren, and S. Hamrin PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Lake Trummen restoration project. III. Zooplankton, macrobenthos, and fish. SOURCE: Verh. Intl. Verein. Limnol. 19:1097-1106. STATE: SWEDEN STUDY TYPE: CASE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: WETLAND TYPE: L.-... RESPONSE: FISH, INVERT PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes preliminary effects of the Lake Trummon (southern Sweden) restoration project on zooplankton, macrobenthos, and fish. Macrophyte vegetation had been removed and nutrient-rich sediments (the cause of algal blooms) were pumped out of the lake to adjacent land. Changes in species composition, abundance, and biomass of communities following restoration are discussed. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 26 AUTHOR: Andrews, N.J., M. Penko, M.D. Mattson, and D.C. Pratt PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: The establishment of cattails on a northern Minnesota peatland SOURCE: Minnesota Dept. Nat. Resour. and Minnesota Energy Agency, Minnesota Peat Program, St. Paul. 79 pp. STATE: MN STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: HARVEST, EXPERIMENT ACTION: LFORM, SEED, PLANT, FERT WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM1, PO-UB4 RESPONSE: VEG, HUSE, SOIL, CHEM PGENUS: TYPHA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This study describes experiments to establish cattail as a commercial biomass crop on northern MN peatlands. The study area was in an abandoned rice paddy near Zim and was prepared by diking, removing shrubs, and rotovating the soil. Cattail rhizomes were planted at a rate of 25/m2. Fertilizer was applied . Numerous graphs and charts depict standing crop, shoot density, soil chemistry, height classes, tissue analysis, and substrate/fertilizer conditions. Maximum aboveground and total standing crop for cattail plants averaged 738-1,534 g/m2 compared to natural stands of 950-1,360 g/m2. Seeded plots resulted in 551 g/m2 maximum aboveground standing crop and natural cattail seeded areas produced 672 g/m2. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 27 AUTHOR: Andrews, N.J., and D.C. Pratt PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Energy potential of cattails (Typha spp.) and productivity in managed stands SOURCE: J. Minnesota Acad. Sci. 44:5-8. STATE: MN STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: HARVEST, EXPERIMENT ACTION: FERT, LAB WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM1 RESPONSE: VEG PGENUS: TYPHA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses biomass production of cattails grown on peat in experimental paddies at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul. Yields of plants grown on peat were generally 20-30% lower than that reported for natural established stands. Maximum shoot weight occurred in August, whereas maximum belowground biomass was reached in October. Fertilizer applications of 25-100 kg/ha K did not significantly increase total production. Differences in initial nutrient content of peat had more of an effect on production than amount of fertilizer added. Significant differences in yield were obtained by increasing the planting rate from 12-48 rhizomes/plot. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 28 AUTHOR: Anonymous PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Build your own bog to neutralize acid mine drainage SOURCE: Coal Age (June):77. STATE: WV STUDY TYPE: CASE OBJECTIVE: WQUAL, EXPERIMENT ACTION: CONTAM WETLAND TYPE: PO-... RESPONSE: CHEM, WQUAL PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report summarizes the work of West Virginia University researchers investigating the use of bogs to neutralize acidic waters from coal mines. Tub Run Bog was found to have an average pH of 3.0 near the input of acid-laced waters from a coal mine; 30-60 ft from the input the pH was approximately 4.5. Sulfate reducing bacteria, requiring anaerobic conditions and supplies of sulfate and organic carbon compounds, are responsible for the neutralization action of the bog. The creation of bogs for this purpose is discussed. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1504 AUTHOR: Anonymous PUBL. YEAR: 1994 TITLE: Restoration work starts at Lake Pontchartrain's LaBranche Wetlands SOURCE: World Dredging Mining and Construction 30(4):14 and 27. STATE: LA STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: EROSION ACTION: SPOIL, LFORM WETLAND TYPE: E2-... RESPONSE: SOIL PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This article briefly discusses the Bayou LaBranche Marsh Creation Project. Approximately 254 acres of intermediate marsh are to be created by pumping 2.5 million cubic yards of dredged material into the target area. Marsh vegetation will be planted after substrate settling and compaction. A brief history of the area along with legislation and funding which made this project possible is discussed. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1111 AUTHOR: Apfelbaum, S.I., M. Leach, and R. Baller PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Report propagation results for Carex spp., other wetland species SOURCE: Restor. Manage. Notes 7(1):38-39. STATE: WI STUDY TYPE: COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT ACTION: SEED, LAB, FIRE WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM1 RESPONSE: VEG PGENUS: CAREX, ACORUS, SPARGANIUM, IRIS, ECHINODORUS, ALISMA, RUMEX, ANGELICA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This article describes seed germination studies of several species of Carex under controlled conditions. Germination of seed collected in 1988 was compared with that of seeds collected in 1987 and kept in cold storage for 1 year. Plant heights and number of perennating stems were compared. Seeds of Carex lacustris, C. stricta, and C. vulpinoidea had higher germination rates when fresh. Sedge seed production and viability were greatest from wetlands where prescribed burning was used, although seed production declined for 1 growing season after burning. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 29 AUTHOR: Apple, L.L., B.H. Smith, J.D. Dunder, and B.W. Baker PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: The use of beavers for riparian/aquatic habitat restoration of cold desert, gully-cut stream systems in southwestern Wyoming SOURCE: Pages 109-116 in D.L. Archer, ed. Proceedings of the Bonneville Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. Bonneville Chap. Am. Fish. Soc., Salt Lake City, UT. STATE: WY STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: STOCK WETLAND TYPE: R.-..., PO-SS1, PO-FO1, RIPAR RESPONSE: MAMMALS, WFOWL, NGBIRDS, VEG PGENUS: SALIX CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses the use of beavers to restore and reestablish degraded riparian and aquatic habitats at several sites in western WY. One study area was fenced to exclude livestock grazing, one was left unfenced, and several other areas were fenced and placed under grazing management systems. Beaver were reintroduced to the fenced areas; beavers returned on their own to the unfenced area. Aspen trees were delivered to sites to provide large materials for stable dam building. The newly built beaver dams are trapping sediment, reducing stream velocity, elevating the water table, and reducing the effects of seasonally fluctuating water table levels. This process is encouraging willow development and improving riparian and aquatic habitat. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1239 AUTHOR: Arnold, C.J. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: The Arcata Marshes: a case study in wetland restoration SOURCE: Coastal Zone 85(1):562-577. STATE: CA STUDY TYPE: CASE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL, HABITAT, WQUALITY ACTION: PLANT, LFORM, SOIL, STOCK WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM., PO-..., E2-EM., E2-..., L2-... RESPONSE: VEG, NGBIRDS, WFOWL, SHOREB, HUSE, FISH, SUCCESS PGENUS: CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: Describes a series of wetland restoration projects implemented by the City of Arcata, CA, in cooperation with the state and many local organizations. Phase I (1981) involved restoring a former landfill to a 3 acre freshwater marsh and 22 acre recreational lake. This area will be used to polish secondarily treated effluent before it enters Arcata Bay. Once restored, recreational use increased to about 93,000 visitor days/year and 160 bird species were observed in the area. Phase II (1981) involved restoring a salt marsh by breaching a dike and dredging channels to increase tidal circulation. Phase III involves restoring a highly degraded lumber mill site to increase estuarine habitat. All 3 phases involved foot trail construction for public access. Phase I and possibly III also involved adding picnic tables, blinds, fencing, signs, etc. to enhance visitor use. Costs for all phases is expected to be $675,550 plus an enormous input of volunteer work. The area will be maintained by the city. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 30 AUTHOR: Ashe, D.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: Fish and wildlife mitigation: description and analysis of estuarine applications SOURCE: Coastal Zone Manage. J. 10(1/2):1-52. STATE: MANY STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: WETLAND TYPE: E2-... RESPONSE: PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the concept of fish and wildlife mitigation, with emphasis on its use as a tool in estuarine management. The statutory basis for fish and wildlife mitigation is discussed and a framework for evaluating the conceptual integrity of potential mitigation efforts is presented. This conceptual framework is applied to a series of alternative approaches to estuarine mitigation and to policy emerging within the federal regulatory regime. Preferable alternatives of effective mitigation policy (i.e., approaches consistent with ecosystem objectives and involving predictable outcomes) are indemnification (using a mitigation bank framework), upland transformation, and restoration of previously altered habitats. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 31 AUTHOR: Athanas, C. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Wetlands creation for stormwater treatment SOURCE: Pages 61-66 in J. Zelazny and J.S. Feierabend, eds. Increasing our wetland resources, proceedings of a conference. Natl. Wildl. Fed., Washington, DC. STATE: MD STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: WQUAL ACTION: LFORM, CONTAM WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM1, PO-EM2, PO-AB. RESPONSE: VEG, CHEM, WQUAL PGENUS: SAGITTARIA, SCIRPUS, LEERSIA, TYPHA, ALISMA, ELEOCHARIS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper presents an overview of the use of wetland creation for stormwater treatment and discusses research being conducted at several wetland stormwater basins by the University of Maryland. Artificial wetlands are receiving increasing attention for treating stormwater runoff, but little direct evidence is available to support their ability to perform this function. However, indirect evidence suggests that these wetlands may be useful tools in improving water quality of stormwater runoff. The University of Maryland is addressing this issue, as well as vegetative aspects of artificial wetland creation. An important factor influencing the natural development of wetland vegetation may be the presence of buried seed or other propagules in the substrate. Preliminary evidence indicates the artificially established vegetation may decrease the number of volunteer species. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 32 AUTHOR: Atkins, K. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Biotic response to drawdown and reflooding in a clay settling pond SOURCE: Pages 169-187 in R.H. Stovall, ed. Proceedings of the eighth annual conference on wetland restoration and creation. Hillsborough Commun. Coll., Tampa, FL. STATE: FL STUDY TYPE: CASE OBJECTIVE: INCIDENTAL ACTION: HYDRO WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM1, PO-SS1, PO-FO1 RESPONSE: FISH, INVERT, REPT, AMPHIB, MAMMALS, SHOREB, WFOWL, NGBIRDS, VEG, SOIL PGENUS: AESCHYNOMENE, AMARANTHUS, AMBROSIA, ANDROPOGON, BACCHARIS, BIDENS, CASSIA, CHENOPODIUM, COLOCASIA, CONYZA, CYNODON, CYPERUS, DIGITARIA, ECHINOCHLOA, ECLIPTA, ERECHTITES, EUPATORIUM, HETEROTHECA, INDIGOFERA, IPOMOEA, LANTANA, LEPIDIUM, LUDWIGIA, MIKANIA, PANICUM, PASPALUM, PHYTOLACCA, PLUCHEA, RHYNCHELYTRUM, RUELLIA, SALIX, SCHINUS, SCIRPUS, SCOPARIA, SETARIA, TYPHA, URENA, MANY CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper summarizes the biotic resources found in a clay settling pond in Polk County, FL. Dewatering of the pond initiated a rapid vegetative response; reflooding of the system occurred 11 months later and subsequent biological changes were noted. The study site has many attributes of natural wetland systems and provides important habitat for a variety of wetland species. The area is dominated by wetland plants with wind- dispersed seeds (e.g., cattail and willow). Seventy species of birds, 8 species of mammals, and 10 species of reptiles and amphibians were observed at the study site. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1003 AUTHOR: Atkins, K. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: A qualitative assessment of wetlands reclaimed as natural system habitat SOURCE: Pages 17-36 in F.J. Webb, Jr., ed. Proceedings of the fourteenth annual conference on wetlands restoration and creation. Hillsborough Commun. Coll., Plant City, FL. STATE: FL STUDY TYPE: COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: LFORM, SOIL, SEED, PLANT, FERT, CONTAM WETLAND TYPE: PO-FO1, PO-EM1, PO-SS1 RESPONSE: FISH, INVERT, SHELLF, MAMMALS, NGBIRDS, SHOREB, AMPHIB, REPT, SUCCESS PGENUS: SCIRPUS, QUERCUS, TYPHA, THALIA, ELEOCHARIS, FIMBRISTYLIS, JUNCUS, PANICUM, SAGITTARIA, PONTEDERIA, POLYGONUM, BACOPA, MICRANTHEMUM, NAJAS, PASPALUM, INDIGOFERA, AESCHYNOMENE, FRAXINUS, GORDONIA, ILEX, LIQUIDAMBAR, MAGNOLIA, NYSSA, PINUS, DIOSPYROS, JUNIPERUS, CORNUS, SALIX, SAMBUCUS, PERSEA, RHUS, LUDWIGIA, SPARTINA, CARPINUS, MANY CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper presents a qualitative habitat assessment of three international minerals and chemical corporation wetland reclamation projects in Polk and eastern Hillsborough Counties, FL. The phosphate-mined wetlands were reclaimed primarily by natural system capping (overlaying phosphatic waste clays with sand tailings), grading, seeding, mulching (spreading organic soil from donor wetland), fertilizing, and planting or transplanting woody plants. The three study areas have been evolving for 6 months to 6 years. Site inventories documented the presence of 212 plant species, 76 bird species, 10 mammals, 10 reptiles, 6 amphibians, and 5 fishes (species lists included in paper). Each study site attracted a diversity of wildlife species. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1453 AUTHOR: Atkinson, R.B., J.E. Perry, E. Smith, and J. Cairns, Jr. PUBL. YEAR: 1993 TITLE: Use of created wetland delineation and weighted averages as a component of assessment SOURCE: Wetlands 13(3):185-193. STATE: VA STUDY TYPE: COMPARISON, CASE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: MODEL, PLANT WETLAND TYPE: PO-FO1 RESPONSE: SUCCESS, VEG PGENUS: MANY CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This study uses vegetation as an indicator for early site conditions in created forested wetlands. A moisture modifier system was presented to allow plot-wise comparison of vegetation and hydrology. Seventy-six plots along two transects in the reference wetland and 106 plots along seven transects in the created wetland were established as permanent sampling locations. Vegetation was identified and classified into indicator status categories and modified importance values for each species was calculated as the sum of relative cover and relative frequency. Weighted averages were also calculated using the relative cover estimates and indicator status. Soil samples taken from three upland areas, three reference wetland areas, and six created wetland areas indicate that all sites except those from the reference wetland areas lacked any field indicators of hydric soil, according to the Federal Manual hydrology criterion. KEYWORDS: created wetlands/wetlands/assessment/vegetation/site conditions/ wetlands creation/comparison/reference wetlands/delineation/ indicator status/Section 404/weighted average/monitoring scheme/ mid-Atlantic region/creation/monitoring =============================================================================== NUMBER: 33 AUTHOR: Atlantic Waterfowl Council PUBL. YEAR: 1959 TITLE: An illustrated small marsh construction manual based on standard designs SOURCE: Vermont Fish Game Serv., Montpelier. 153 pp. STATE: MANY STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: LFORM, SEED, HYDRO, FERT, STABIL WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM., PO-SS., PO-FO. RESPONSE: WFOWL, ECON PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This manual presents small marsh construction designs, based on requirements for NY State, for use in wetland development for waterfowl. Topics include: 1) marsh site selection; 2) small marsh survey; 3) marsh design; and 4) small marsh construction. Techniques include: 1) determining water levels and runoff coefficients; 2) designing and constructing spillways; 3) installing water control structures; 4) grading and seeding, 5) applying lime and fertilizer; 6) using mulch; and 7) estimating construction costs. Diagrams of various designs are included to illustrate techniques. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1004 AUTHOR: Auble, G.T., D.B. Hamilton, J.E. Roelle, J. Clayton, and L.H. Fredrickson PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: A prototype expert system for moist soil management SOURCE: Pages 137-143 in K.M. Mutz, D.J. Cooper, M.L. Scott, and L.K. Miller, tech. coords. Restoration, creation, and management of wetland and riparian ecosystems in the American West. Soc. Wetland Sci., Rocky Mountain Chap., Denver, CO. STATE: MANY STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT, GENERAL ACTION: MODEL WETLAND TYPE: E.-..., L.-..., R.-..., PO-... RESPONSE: SOIL PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes a computer program that suggests management regimes for seasonally flooded manmade impoundments. The objectives of such management is to provide hydrologic conditions and food for migrating waterfowl. Planning problems, prototype limitations, program description, and hardware/software requirements are included. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 34 AUTHOR: Austin, C.B., and A. Thorhaug PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: The economic costs of transplanting seagrasses: Thalassia SOURCE: Pages 69-75 in R. Lewis and D. Cole, eds. Proceedings of the fourth annual conference on restoration of coastal vegetation in Florida. Hillsborough Commun. Coll., Tampa, FL. STATE: FL STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW, COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: PLANT, MODEL WETLAND TYPE: E1-AB3, M1-AB3, E2-AB3, M2-AB3 RESPONSE: VEG, ECON PGENUS: THALASSIA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes a method for estimating the costs of restoring beds of Thalassia. Estimates are based on a transplantation project in South Biscayne Bay, Dade County, FL. Costs per seed handled for each transplantation phase (collection, nursery, and planting) are incorporated in a cost model. Three sets of variables are considered in this process: 1) seed mortality and growth rates; 2) size of the area to be planted, density of vegetative cover desired, and time required to reach desired density; and 3) monetary costs. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 35 AUTHOR: Babcock, W.H. PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: Tenmile Creek--a study of stream relocation SOURCE: Colorado Div. Wildl. Spec. Rep. No. 52. 22 pp. STATE: CO STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, CASE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT, GENERAL ACTION: LFORM WETLAND TYPE: R3-UB1 RESPONSE: FISH, WQUAL, SUCCESS PGENUS: MANY CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This study describes the relocation of Tenmile Creek as a result of the construction of Interstate 70 through Tenmile Canyon near Frisco, CO. One of the goals of the project was to mitigate for loss of fish habitat. The channel was excavated and fish habitat structures were installed. The creek was monitored for several years after construction; streamside revegetation efforts were not very successful, but fish populations were increasing. Water chemistry parameters are provided for several sites along the reconstructed stream. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1207 AUTHOR: Baca, B.J., T.E. Lankford, and T.G. Ballou PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Propagation of woody wetland vegetation for in-kind mitigation SOURCE: Pages 1-9 in F.J. Webb, Jr., ed. Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on wetlands restoration and creation. Hillsborough Commun. Coll., Plant City, FL. STATE: SC, FL STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT ACTION: PLANT, LAB WETLAND TYPE: PO-FO1, E2-FO3, PO-SS1, PO-FO2 RESPONSE: SUCCESS, VEG PGENUS: ACER, AMPELOPSIS, BACCHARIS, CEPHALANTHUS, GELSEMIUM, HIBISCUS, LEUCOTHOE, LIGUSTRUM, LUDWIGIA, LYONIA, QUERCUS, SALIX, SAMBUCUS, VITIS, ANNONA, BIGNONIA, CAMPSIS, CLETHRA, CYRILLA, DIOSPYROS, FORESTIERA, MANY, TAXODIUM CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: A total of almost 70 woody wetland species were collected in South Carolina and Florida to determine which species could successfully by propagated from cuttings. Names listed in the PGENUS field were rated "excellent" (for production from cuttings) for the first set of alphabetized names and "good" for the second set (plus Kosteletzkya, Parthenocissus, Rhizophora, Stillingia, Wisteria, and Zanthoxylum), excluding Taxodium. The following were rated "poor": Avicennia, Betula, Carya, Conocarpus, Cornus, Ficus, Gordonia, Fraxinus, Juniperus, Kalmia, Laguncularia, Liquidambar, Magnolia, Morus, Myrica, Nyssa, Persea, Pinus, Platanus, Pluchea, Populus, Quercus (not Q. phellos), Sapium, Taxodium, and Ulmus. Criteria for categorization, collection techniques (and timing), planting medium, and growing conditions are discussed as well as possible reasons for success or failure for some species. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1208 AUTHOR: Bacchus, S. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Complications arising from the incorporation of a muck layer into created wetlands SOURCE: Pages 10-23 in F.J. Webb, Jr., ed. Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on wetlands restoration and creation. Hillsborough Commun. Coll., Plant City, FL. STATE: FL STUDY TYPE: CASE, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, SOIL, PLANT, CUT WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM1, PO-SS1, PO-FO1 RESPONSE: SUCCESS, NGBIRDS, SHOREB, WFOWL, MAMMALS, AMPHIB, REPT, VEG, HYDRO, ECON PGENUS: ACER, CARYA, CELTIS, FRAXINUS, GORDONIA, ILEX, LIQUIDAMBAR, MAGNOLIA, NYSSA, TAXODIUM, CANNA, ELEOCHARIS, IRIS, PANICUM, PONTEDERIA, SCIRPUS, SAGITTARIA, SPARTINA, THALIA, CYPERUS, JUNCUS, LUDWIGIA, MANY CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: Many FL State regulatory agencies require the transfer of a muck layer from the wetland being impacted to the mitigation site as part of the permit process. Problems resulting from this procedure are discussed using examples from a wetland mitigation project adjacent to Lake Telfer, Orlando. Construction and monitoring procedures for this created wetland are discussed. A lack of diligent follow up maintenance (weeding) and the presence of an abundant seed source for cattails and primrose willow (undesirable species) in the muck were the 2 primary problems. Construction/monitoring costs for the 5.1 ha created wetland were $444,813 which included an unexpected $60,000 for cattail removal. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1291 AUTHOR: Bacon, C.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Riparian silviculture - Active riparian management for multiple resources. SOURCE: Pages 99-102 in Society of American Foresters National Convention Proceedings. Spokane, WA. STATE: MANY STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: PLANT, CUT WETLAND TYPE: RIPAR RESPONSE: VEG PGENUS: MANY CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This article briefly discusses the manipulation of riparian zone vegetation to regain or enhance many potential benefits. The importance of riparian vegetation is discussed and several examples of riparian management and research are given. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1474 AUTHOR: Bacon-Blood, L. PUBL. YEAR: 1994 TITLE: Making mud: dredge may pump new life into marsh SOURCE: Times-Picayune (State Ed), New Orleans, LA. March 30, 1994. STATE: LA STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: EROSION ACTION: SPOIL WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1 RESPONSE: SOIL PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This article briefly discusses the marsh creation project on Bayou LaBranche as an effort to restore the previously fertile habitat. Sediment from Lake Pontchartrain is being pumped into a 487 acre section of eroding marsh protected with retention dikes. The area will be planted with marsh grasses after the sediment settles and drys. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1187 AUTHOR: Bagley, F. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Studies of wetlands created to treat acid mine drainwater may lead to ecological refinements SOURCE: Restor. Manage. Notes 7(1):37-38. STATE: MD STUDY TYPE: CASE, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT, WQUAL ACTION: CONTAM, LAB WETLAND TYPE: PO-... RESPONSE: VEG, WQUAL, SUCCESS, CHEM PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This article describes a 3 year project undertaken by the Maryland Bureau of Mines and Pennsylvania State University to study, redesign, and enlarge 9 previously constructed wetlands designed to treat acid mine waste. The project includes design and monitoring of new wetlands, evaluation of bacterial and vegetative components of mine drainage wetlands (under controlled conditions in lab and greenhouse), research on bacterial, algal, and plant mechanisms, and optimizing effectiveness of wetlands for treating mine drainage. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1199 AUTHOR: Baird, K.J., and J.P. Rieger PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: A restoration design for least Bell's vireo habitat in San Diego County SOURCE: Pages 462-467 in D.L. Abell, tech. coord. Proceedings of the California riparian systems conference: protection, management, and restoration for the 1990s, 1988 September 22-24, Davis, CA. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-110. STATE: CA STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, CASE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: LFORM, PLANT, SEED, MODEL WETLAND TYPE: RIPAR, PO-FO1 RESPONSE: NGBIRDS, VEG, SUCCESS PGENUS: SALIX, POPULUS, PLATANUS, BACCHARIS, ARTEMISIA, AMBROSIA, ANEMOPSIS, PLUCHEA, HELIOTROPIUM, HETEROTHECA, URTICA, GALIUM CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: Highway construction plans in San Diego Co., CA required 7 acres of successful mitigation prior to construction (5.2 acres of vireo nesting habitat and 1.8 acres of vireo foraging habitat). Success was defined as either a vireo pair nesting on the mitigation site or no statistically significant differences between parameters on the site and those in functioning vireo habitat. Construction was tentatively scheduled to begin in the 3rd year. This paper describes procedures for developing a specific habitat restoration model. Mean percent cover, density, abundance, species composition, and expected mortality rates for vegetation were used to determine the specifications for restoration design. A mix of seedlings and transplanted mature trees and Baccharis glutinosa shrubs was used to obtain the structural diversity required by nesting vireos within the 2 year time frame. (AA-Mod) KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1005 AUTHOR: Baker, J.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1973 TITLE: Recovery of salt marsh vegetation from successive oil spillages SOURCE: Environ. Pollut. 4(3):223-230. STATE: WALES STUDY TYPE: COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT ACTION: CONTAM, LAB WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1 RESPONSE: VEG PGENUS: SPARTINA, PUCCINELLIA, SPERGULARIA, ARMERIA, TRIGLOCHIN, GLAUX, SALICORNIA, JUNCUS, AGROSTIS, FESTUCA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper presents results of field experiments involving successive oilings of three types of salt marsh vegetation on the coast of Wales in 1968. Dominant plants were Spartina anglica (lower marsh), Puccinellia maritima (mid marsh), and Juncus maritimus (upper marsh). Recovery from up to four oilings was generally good, but considerable changes in recovery and species dominance resulted from 8-12 oilings even after 5 years, indicating that recovery was likely to be slow. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 36 AUTHOR: Baker, J.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Responses of salt marsh vegetation to oil spills and refinery effluents SOURCE: Pages 529-542 in R.L. Jeffries and A.J. Davy, eds. Ecological processes in coastal environments. Blackwell Sci. Publ., London. STATE: GREAT BRITAIN, WALES STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: CONTAM, LAB WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1 RESPONSE: VEG PGENUS: SPARTINA, JUNCUS, SALICORNIA, OENANTHE, AGROSTIS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes the responses of salt marsh plants to oil spills. Effects of single spills are listed in a table that displays date, locality, oil type, observations, and references. Plant responses to experimental successive spillages were examined on the North Gower Coast, South Wales. The tolerance of different species to oil spills and growth stimulation following oil pollution are described. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 37 AUTHOR: Baldwin, W.P. PUBL. YEAR: 1967 TITLE: Impoundments for waterfowl on South Atlantic and Gulf coastal marshes SOURCE: ages 127-133 in J.D. Newsom, ed. Proceedings of the marsh and estuary management symposium. Louisiana St. Univ., Baton Rouge. STATE: TX, LA, MS, AL, FL, GA, SC, NC, VA STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: LFORM, SEED, PLANT, HYDRO, CUT, FIRE WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1, E2-EM2, PO-EM1, PO-EM2 RESPONSE: FISH, WFOWL, VEG PGENUS: CLADIUM, JUNCUS, SCIRPUS, ELEOCHARIS, ECHINOCHLOA, SPARTINA, TYPHA, NAJAS, POTAMOGETON, ZANNICHELLIA, DISTICHLIS, NYMPHAEA, GYROTHECA, POLYGONUM, BRASENIA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper presents an overview of the use of impoundments to provide waterfowl habitat within coastal marshes from VA to TX. Manipulation of water levels, culture of aquatic plants, regulation of salinity, and control of undesirable plants and carp are briefly discussed for 4 marsh classifications: 1) regularly flooded salt marshes; 2) irregularly flooded salt marshes; 3) salt meadows and salt flats; and 4) coastal fresh marshes. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1290 AUTHOR: Ball, J.P. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Influence of subsequent flooding depth on cattail control by burning and mowing. SOURCE: Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 28:32-36. STATE: CANADA STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT, EXPERIMENT ACTION: CUT, FIRE WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM1 RESPONSE: VEG PGENUS: TYPHA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This study experimentally compares fire and mowing as two means of mimicking natural control of cattails in areas where wildlife is a major concern. In addition, three different mowing implements were compared to identify the most cost effective means of mowing. Mowing and burning was conducted while the marsh was still frozen to allow for easier mobility. The marsh was flooded subsequent to the mowing and burning operations. The study plots were assessed for regrowth at the end of the growing season. It was found that both means of cattail control were effective if the subsequent flooding was deep. However, the mowing technique proved more effective if the subsequent flooding was shallow. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 38 AUTHOR: Banner, A. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Revegetation and maturation of restored shoreline in the Indian River, Florida SOURCE: Pages 13-42 in R. Lewis and D. Cole, eds. Proceedings of the fourth annual conference on restoration of coastal vegetation in Florida. Hillsborough Commun. Coll., Tampa, FL. STATE: FL STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, CASE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, SPOIL, PLANT, STABIL WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1, E2-FO3, R1-US2 RESPONSE: INVERT, VEG, SHOREB, FISH PGENUS: SPARTINA, HALOPHILA, HALODULE, RUPPIA, LAGUNCULARIA, RHIZOPHORA, AVICENNIA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes the restoration of severely disturbed shoreline (sterile sand substrate) in a shallow cove along the shore of the Indian River, FL. Alternating segments of shoreline were planted with mangroves, cordgrass, or both. Unplanted sections served as controls. Accretion of organic matter (especially in areas planted with Spartina) was monitored. Spartina plantings flourished, as did Ruppia interspersed with Halophila and drift algae. The seagrasses attracted various invertebrates (mostly detritus consumers), fish, and wading birds. Mangrove plantings were not as successful; colonization rates are presented in a series of tables. KEYWORDS: revegetation/Florida/black mangroves/mangroves/Spartina/ seagrasses/invertebrates/fishes/wading birds/birds/infauna/ sediment/red mangroves/technique/restored shoreline/Indian River, Florida/Spartina alterniflora/white mangroves/Avicennia nitida/ Rhizophora mangle/Laguncularia racemosa/egrets/herons/ proceedings/restoration/coastal/vegetation =============================================================================== NUMBER: 41 AUTHOR: Banner, A PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Coastal restoration in south Florida SOURCE: Florida Bar J. 51(8):571-575. STATE: FL STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: WETLAND TYPE: E2-... RESPONSE: PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This article describes selected problems and solutions concerning coastal restoration in south FL. General concerns include: 1) filling wetlands to provide for boating access or residential and commercial development; and 2) dredging wetlands for fill materials on adjacent lands or for navigational purposes. Lack of public appreciation for wetlands indicates silent approval of wetland destruction without returning benefits to the public. Court procedures for handling unauthorized dredge and fill activities are described. General cost/benefit problems are discussed. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 39 AUTHOR: Banner, A. PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Mitigation under the Corps regulatory program SOURCE: Pages 396-399 in G.A. Swanson, Tech. Coord. The mitigation symposium: a national workshop on mitigating losses of fish and wildlife habitat. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-65. STATE: FL, MANY STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, SPOIL WETLAND TYPE: E2-... RESPONSE: SUCCESS PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This summary of mitigation actions under the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regulatory program provides an overview of mitigation options and activities. Mitigation is generally used to enhance water retention, circulation, or quality and to improve substrate characteristics, thus promoting the growth of beneficial or desirable plants. Restrictions to permit mitigation actions include: 1) work must be accomplished on site; 2) the applicant must be able to make beneficial use of the property; and 3) actions must be self-sustaining and permanent. Several case studies of mitigation projects in FL are described. Methods of handling mitigation cases are discussed briefly. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 40 AUTHOR: Banner, A PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: Florida Keys environmental mitigation trust fund SOURCE: Pages 155-165 in F.J. Webb, ed. Proceedings of the ninth annual conference on wetland restoration and creation. Hillsborough Commun. Coll., Tampa, FL. STATE: FL STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: LFORM WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1, E2-FO3, E2-AB3 RESPONSE: ECON, SUCCESS PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This article describes the development of the Florida Keys Environmental Trust Fund, which provides for the creation/ restoration of wetlands to compensate for those lost to dredge and fill violations where direct restoration is not possible. Objectives of the fund are "...enhancement, restoration, or replacement of marine and wetland habitat in the Florida Keys to compensate for the destruction of such habitat at the Port Largo development." General guidelines are described. Actions include removal of fill material, channel construction, and culvert replacement. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1006 AUTHOR: Banner, A., and J. Moulding PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Mitigation management of an impounded brackish water marsh SOURCE: Pages 37-47 in F.J. Webb, Jr., ed. Proceedings of the fourteenth annual conference on wetlands restoration and creation. Hillsborough Commun. Coll., Plant City, FL. STATE: FL STUDY TYPE: CASE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: LFORM, HYDRO WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1 RESPONSE: FISH, SHOREB, HYDRO, WQUAL, SUCCESS PGENUS: SPARTINA, JUNCUS, DISTICHLIS, POLYSTICHUM CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses restoration plans for the Sykes Creek Marsh on Merritt Island, Brevard County, FL. The 2,000 acre marsh was isolated from the adjoining Banana River Lagoon by construction levees in the mid-1950's and was managed for mosquito control. As a result, the marsh lost its historic functions as a spawning and nursery ground for marine invertebrates and fishes, and as a source of detritus for the adjacent estuarine ecosystem. Restoration plans include installing gated culverts through the levees to allow water and fish exchange between marsh and estuary. As water levels were lowered to concentrate forage fishes for wood storks, resuspension of fine material exerted a heavy oxygen demand on the water column, resulting in fish kills. Reconnection of the marsh with the estuary is expected to ultimately flush out these particles. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1282 AUTHOR: Barkhouse, H.P. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Management related study of man-made wetlands located in coastal regions of the maritime provinces, Canada SOURCE: Pages 82-96 in W.R. Whitman, and W.H. Meredith, eds. Waterfowl and Wetlands Symposium: Proceedings of a Symposium on Waterfowl and Wetlands Management in the Coastal Zone of the Atlantic Flyway. Delaware Coastal Management Program, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Dover, DE. STATE: CANADA STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, CASE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: HYDRO, MODEL WETLAND TYPE: E2.-... RESPONSE: NGBIRDS, WFOWL, SHOREB, MAMMALS, INVERTS, VEG, HYDRO, SUCCESS PGENUS: MANY CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report describes detailed wildlife and habitat information obtained from 34 freshwater wetlands in the coastal regions of the Maritime Provinces, Canada. These data were used to develop a "desired" value to correspond with the habitat and wildlife factors being studied and express specific objectives in terms of habitat conditions and wildlife values. Comparisons of these values provide information to the strengths and weaknesses of the habitat and wildlife factors being studied. Management action is derived by analyzing and comparing these values. KEYWORDS: coastal wetlands/wetlands/waterfowl/symposium/proceedings/ wildlife/man-made wetlands/habitat/Maritime Provinces,Canada/ National Wildlife Areas/natural wetlands/coastal zone/management/ coastal/Canada/waterfowl habitat/natural tidal marshes/tidal marshes/ marshes/wetlands management =============================================================================== NUMBER: 43 AUTHOR: Barko, J.W., and R.M. Smart PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Sediment-based nutrition of submersed macrophytes SOURCE: Aquatic Bot. 10:339-352. STATE: OK, NE STUDY TYPE: COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT ACTION: PLANT, CONTAM, LAB WETLAND TYPE: L2-UB3, L2-AB3, PO-AB3 RESPONSE: VEG, SOIL, CHEM, WQUAL PGENUS: BACOPA, MYRIOPHYLLUM, POTAMOGETON, PROSERPINACA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses the capabilities of 4 submersed freshwater macrophyte species to mobilize nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from lake sediments dredged from branched Oak and Pawnee Reservoirs in NE and Keystone Reservoir in OK. N and P were readily mobilized from the sediments and concentrated in plant shoots at levels well above those required for growth. Mobilization of K from sediments was much less effective and may have limited growth; K is probably supplied to these plants primarily from the water. Considerable quantities of these nutrients are released to the water due to plant senescence and associated decay processes, representing an important mode of sediment-nutrient cycling in aquatic systems. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 42 AUTHOR: Barko, J.W., and R.M. Smart PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Effects of organic matter additions to sediment on the growth of aquatic plants SOURCE: J. Ecol. 71:161-175. STATE: WA STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT ACTION: PLANT, FERT, LAB WETLAND TYPE: PO-AB3, PO-EM2 RESPONSE: VEG, SOIL, CHEM PGENUS: ELODEA, HYDRILLA, MYRIOPHYLLUM, POTAMOGETON, SAGITTARIA CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper examines growth of 3 completely submerged plant species on sediments from Lake Washington, Seattle, WA. Growth of emergent species was generally less inhibited by the addition of 5% organic matter than that of submerged species receiving the same level of organic matter. Greater additions of organic matter severely inhibited Hydrilla and Potamogeton. Growth of all species was negatively correlated with mean dissolved organic carbon concentration in the interstitial water of the sediments. Growth inhibition may have resulted from accumulation of toxic, soluble organic carbon compounds during anaerobic decomposition. The role of organic accretion in sediments is discussed in relation to patterns of aquatic plant distribution and succession. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 44 AUTHOR: Barko, J.W., R.M. Smart, C.R. Lee, M.C. Landin, T.C. Sturgis, and R.N. Gordon PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Establishment and growth of selected fresh- water and coastal marsh plants in relation to characteristics of dredged sediments SOURCE: U.S. Army Corps Eng. Waterways Exp. Stn., Environ. Effects Lab., Vicksburg, MS, Tech. Rep. D-77-2. 41 pp. STATE: MANY STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: EXPERIMENT ACTION: LAB WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM1, E2-EM1 RESPONSE: VEG, SOIL, CHEM PGENUS: SPARTINA, DISTICHLIS, TRIGLOCHIN, SCIRPUS, CYPERUS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This study describes a controlled condition laboratory experiment that determined the establishment and growth of several wetland plant species in relation to dredged sediment characteristics. Freshwater, brackish, and estuarine (salt marsh) plants were Scirpus validus, Cyperus esculentus, Distichlis spicata, Triglochin maritimum, S. robustus, Spartina alterniflora, and S. foliosa. Sediment substrates were clay, silty clay, and sand. Plant biomass and aerial density were monitored. Planting was by seeds and transplants. Except for Distichlis (which was successfully established from seed), plants were established more successfully from vegetative propagules. All types of propagules flourished on freshwater sediments, but transplants were more successful on estuarine sediments. Growth of plants in sand was nutrient-limited. The authors state that fine-textured sediments do not need to be fertilized in marsh creation projects. Effects of salinity in terms of limiting plant growth also are discussed. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 45 AUTHOR: Barkuloo, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: Reclaiming Florida phosphate mined lands to wetlands SOURCE: U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Biol. Serv. Program. 13 pp. STATE: FL STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, CASE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT, EROSION, GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, SEED, PLANT, LAB WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM1, PO-AB3, PO-FO1, PO-FO2, PO-EM2 RESPONSE: VEG, FISH, MAMMALS, WFOWL, NGBIRDS, SHOREB, AMPHIB, REPT PGENUS: POPULUS, SAGITTARIA, POTAMOGETON, QUERCUS, PINUS, CLADIUM, PONTEDERIA, NYSSA, ACER, POLYGONUM, TAXODIUM, MANY CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This study investigated methods of establishing "equivalent" wildlife habitat that replaces but does not duplicate original wetland habitat. The study site is phosphate mined land on the Peace River Floodplain of west central FL. A 55 acre test site was excavated, creating 2 gently sloping stream channels and a 0.5 acre permanent pond to provide open water for aquatic life. One hundred and nineteen trees and 10,400 seedlings were planted in 26 plots. In addition, 2,300 seedlings were randomly planted at the site. Data collected on growth, vigor, and survival showed nearly 100% survival. The survival and growth of the plantings are related to tidal changes, ground water levels, precipitation, surface water flows, soil moisture, and water quality. Bird, mammal, fish, amphibian, and reptile species using the area were documented. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 46 AUTHOR: Barnard, T.A., Jr., and W.I. Priest III PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Virginia's wetland mitigation/compensation policy: its evolution and current status SOURCE: Pages 327-333 in Wetlands of the Chesapeake. Conf. Proc., April 9-11, 1985, Easton, MD. STATE: VA STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: WETLAND TYPE: E2-... RESPONSE: PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This article defines the mitigation policy, describes its development, and discusses the management philosophy of mitigation as a compensation tool in managing the wetland systems of VA's Chesapeake Bay. General conclusions regarding compensation philosophy include lack of understanding of wetland systems and poor planning preparation for compensation projects. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1505 AUTHOR: Barrett, N.E., and W.A. Niering PUBL. YEAR: 1993 TITLE: Tidal marsh restoration: trends in vegetation change using a Geographical Information System (GIS) SOURCE: Restoration Ecology 1:18-28. STATE: CT STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, PLANT WETLAND TYPE: E2-EM1 RESPONSE: VEG PGENUS: SPARTINA, TYPHA, PHRAGMITES CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to evaluate the restoration of a tidal marsh. Tidal flushing was returned to a 21 ha valley marsh which had been impounded in the 1940's to create shallow-water waterfowl habitat. Salt marsh vegetation declined and was soon dominated by Typha and Phragmites by the creation of the impoundments. After re- establishing tidal flushing salt marsh plants began to displace the freshwater emergents. Base maps were created prior to dike construction of the impounded marsh and the restored tidal marsh condition, then vegetation type, dominance, and ranking was assigned to each base map. Comparisons and crosstabulation matrices of the trends in the pattern of vegetation recovery were then made. Complete restoration in the strictest sense (identical spatial recovery) occurred for only 28% of the vegetation types. Sixty-three percent of the original salt marsh vegetation recovered however regardless of the former spatial position. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 47 AUTHOR: Barroin, G. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Sediment treatment for phosphorus inactivation SOURCE: Pages 115-118 in Restoration of lakes and inland waters. Intl. Symp. on inland waters and lake restoration. U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency EPA 440/5-81-010. STATE: FRANCE STUDY TYPE: TECHNIQUE, CASE OBJECTIVE: WQUAL ACTION: SOIL, CONTAM WETLAND TYPE: L.-... RESPONSE: VEG, SOIL, CHEM, WQUAL PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses sediment treatment to restore a 0.35 ha experimental lake bordering the south shore of Lake Geneva, France. Aluminum sulfate was injected into the top layer of the sediment to improve its capacity to adsorb phosphorus. The prototype device designed for this purpose is described. Monitoring of water quality parameters and phytoplankton production indicated that the treatment significantly reduced the phosphorus in the lake even under anoxic conditions and reduced algal abundance for at least 4 years. No adverse long-term effects were observed, but the author recommends further research on this new technique. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 48 AUTHOR: Baskett, R.K. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Grand Pass Wildlife Area, Missouri: modern wetland restoration strategy at work SOURCE: Pages 220-224 in J. Zelazny and J.S. Feierabend, eds. Increasing our wetland resources, proceedings of a conference. Natl. Wildl. Fed., Washington, DC. STATE: MO STUDY TYPE: PROGRAM, CASE OBJECTIVE: HABITAT ACTION: LFORM, HYDRO WETLAND TYPE: PO-EM1, PO-UB3 RESPONSE: WFOWL, NGBIRDS, SHOREB, VEG, HYDRO, SOIL PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper discusses restoration and management strategies for the Grand Pass Wildlife Area in west central MO. Construction of the Wildlife Area, principally aimed at improving waterfowl habitat, will consist of 9 miles of levees, 4 miles of water distribution canals, 45 control structures, and pumps to supply water for the Missouri River and remove water from the units. Water management will be capable in 25 separate impoundments, which will be managed for moist-soil plants and marsh habitat. Water management schedules are described and the preferred water depths and vegetation for waterfowl, shorebirds, and other nongame birds are discussed. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1581 AUTHOR: Baskin, Y. PUBL. YEAR: 1994 TITLE: California's ephemeral vernal pools may be a good model for speciation SOURCE: Bioscience 44(6):384-388. STATE: CA STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: MONITOR WETLAND TYPE: P0-UB4 RESPONSE: VEG, INVERTS PGENUS: DOWNINGIA, POGOGYNE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper describes and compares vernal ponds, their diversity, similarities, and differences. The importance of these perenial ecosystems is emphasized in their ability to support endemic, rare, and endangered species. Attempts have been and are continuing to be made to understand species distribution in order to further protect these species and their ecosystems from urban and agricultural developement. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1514 AUTHOR: Bastian, R.K. and D.A. Hammer PUBL. YEAR: 1993 TITLE: The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and recycling SOURCE: Pages 59-68 in G.A. Moshiri, ed. Constructed wetlands for water quality improvement. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. 632 pp. STATE: MANY STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: WQUALITY ACTION: MANY, CONTAM WETLAND TYPE: PO.-... RESPONSE: WQUAL PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This paper provides an overview of the historical, present, and future use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and recycling. Evaluations of experimental wetlands and initial wetlands used to treat wastewater in the United States and other countries are reviewed. Types of constructed wetland systems are described as well as how they remove contaminents. Considerations are also listed for wetlands to be used for experimental design or application. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1265 AUTHOR: Bastian, R.K., P.E. Shanaghan, and B.P. Thompson PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Use of wetlands for municipal wastewater treatment and disposal -- regulatory issues and EPA policies SOURCE: Pages 265-278 in D.A. Hammer, ed. Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: municipal, industrial and agricultural. Lewis Publ., Inc., Chelsea, MI. STATE: MANY STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: WQUAL ACTION: WETLAND TYPE: PO-... RESPONSE: SUCCESS PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: Discusses EPA policies and other state/federal regulations governing the use of natural and constructed wetlands to treat municipal wastewater. Reference is made to many projects throughout the U.S. and Canada. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 49 AUTHOR: Bates, A.L., E. Pickard, and W.M. Dennis PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Tree plantings--a diversified management tool for reservoir shorelines SOURCE: Pages 190-194 in R.R. Johnson and J.F. McCormick, eds. Strategies for protection and management of floodplain wetlands and other riparian ecosystems. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-12. STATE: TN, AL, NC STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW, COMPARATIVE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: PLANT WETLAND TYPE: PO-FO2, PO-FO1, L.-... RESPONSE: INVERT, VEG PGENUS: TAXODIUM, PLATANUS CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This article describes the results of tree plantings along the shorelines of impoundments constructed by the Tennessee Valley authority at Mallard Creek (Lawrence County, AL), Birdsong Creek (Benton County, TN), Duck River (Humphreys County, TN), and Hiwassee Reservoir (Murphy County, NC). The primary purpose for establishing trees was control of mosquito populations. As vegetative succession is hastened from open herbaceous communities to woody, closed-canopy communities, mosquito populations are reduced and species composition changes to favor less aggressive species. Baldcypress plantings were most successful due to rapid growth rates and ability of seedlings to withstand prolonged flooding. Plantings also stabilize the shore and enhance wildlife habitat. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 1412 AUTHOR: Bates, R.D. and J.M. Marcus PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Hydrologic modification and its effect on wetland function in the Santee Swamp, South Carolina SOURCE: Pages 283-290 in J.A. Kusler and S. Daly, eds. Wetlands and river corridor management. Charleston, South Carolina. STATE: SC STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW OBJECTIVE: WQUALITY ACTION: HYDRO, MODEL WETLAND TYPE: R.-... RESPONSE: WQUAL, HYDRO, CHEM PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This report discusses the hydrological and water quality impacts of impounding a river swamp and examines the results of a survey conducted to determine water quality conditions in riverine, lacustrine, and palustrine habitats. Nine survey sites where selected. The physical and chemical characteristics of surface waters within the river, lake, and swamp habitats were studied. Multiple regression models were used to determine the cause-and- effect relationships between the hydrology and the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of the Santee Swamp. Results of the study revealed the swamp water level is correlated with the water level of Lake Marion. When the water rises, as well as when there is low river flow or a constant lake stage, water movement out of the swamp is restricted. The swamp becomes anaerobic due to lack of water movement causing low levels of DO, high levels of total phosphorous, total iron, and total organic carbon. Manipulation of the hydrology through the management of the Lake Marion pool and upstream riverine discharges are suggested to maximize optimal water quality conditions in Santee Swamp. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 50 AUTHOR: Bauer, A.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1965 TITLE: Simultaneous excavation and rehabilitation of sand and gravel sites SOURCE: Natl. Sand Gravel Assoc., Silver Spring, MD. 60 pp. STATE: IL, IN STUDY TYPE: OVERVIEW, TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ACTION: LFORM, SEED, PLANT, SPOIL WETLAND TYPE: PO-..., L.-..., PO-UB1, PO-UB2, L2-US1, L2-US2, PO-US1, PO-US2 RESPONSE: VEG, HUSE PGENUS: NONE CONTRIBUTOR: Midcontinent Ecological Science Center ANNOTATION: This study provides an overview of sand and gravel mining and land reclamation techniques and procedures. Recommendations include incorporating reclamation considerations for grading, seeding, and planting with gravel mining operations. Two case studies are provided: 1) Lincoln Lakes near Lincoln, IL, and 2) Sansabar Estates, a floodplain 6 miles north of Indianapolis, IN. In each case, site analysis, operation analysis, master plan, stockpile plan, and development program (i.e., reclamation) are described and illustrated. KEYWORDS: =============================================================================== NUMBER: 51 AUTHOR: Bauer, A.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: Manipulating mining operations to create wildlife habitats: a pre-mining planning process SOURCE: Pages 41-43 in W.D. Sve