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Human Disturbances to Waterfowl

Annotated Bibliography

184. Sugden, L. G., W. J. Thurlow, R. D. Harris, and K. Vermeer. 1974. Investigations of mallards overwintering at Calgary, Alberta. Canadian Field-Naturalist 88:303-311.

Available food, open water, and protection from hunting were considered chief factors causing mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) to forego migration. Of the control methods tried (no supplementary feeding, removal by transfer, scaring with acetylene exploders, and winter shooting within the city), cessation of feeding was the most acceptable and efficient.

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