Human Disturbances to Waterfowl
Annotated Bibliography
This paper raises questions about work by MacInnes and Misra (1972) and Mickelson (1975), with the author stating, "Waterfowl biologists collecting nest data in tundra regions often have the impression that they are being followed by avian predators, such as gulls and jaegers (MacInnes and Misra 1972)." He then reported his observations with glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), parasitic jaegers (Stercorarius parasiticus), and long-tailed jaegers (Stercorarius longicaudus) within the Clarence Rhodes National Wildlife Range in Alaska. He ended with the statement, "I conclude that there is still a need for estimation of the undisturbed losses of waterfowl eggs to predators." MacInnes responded beginning on the same page of the Journal of Wildlife Management, and his response is included herein.
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