Human Disturbances to Waterfowl

Annotated Bibliography

160. Parry, M. L. 1987. Multi-purpose use of waters. Pages 66-71 in P. S. Maitland and A. K. Turner. Angling and wildlife in freshwaters. Proceedings of a symposium organized by the Scottish Freshwater Group and the British Ecological Society. University of Stirling, 30 October 1985. (ITE Symposium 19)

This is a general paper summarizing some of the human disturbances to waterfowl, with descriptions of the use and conflicts at several reservoirs as examples. Key words mentioned are roosting or feeding waterfowl, bird-watchers, water-based recreation, boating, time-zoning of use, space zoning, refuge, flight, energetic costs, fishermen, waterfowl counts, scare distance for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and "compensatory conservation."

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