Human Disturbances to Waterfowl
Annotated Bibliography
The impact of roads and landscape features on field use by pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus) in autumn and spring is reported. Flight distance of goose flocks increases with flock size and is longer in autumn compared to spring. The disturbance distance of roads with traffic volume of more than 20 cars per day is approximately 500 m in autumn and less in spring. Lanes with 0-10 cars per day also have a depressing effect on goose use. Such features as windbreaks and banks which hinder an open view have a disturbance distance of approximately 200-300 m. The width of an area (hindrances in more than one direction) must exceed 500 m in order to be accepted by flocks of pink-footed geese in autumn.
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