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Human Disturbances to Waterfowl

Annotated Bibliography


80. Girard, G. L. 1941. The mallard: its management in western Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 5:233-259.

Before hunting season, it is not unusual to see mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) feeding at any time of the day in the wheat fields, but most of the field feeding takes place in the evening and at night. The largest flights return to the water between 7:30 and 8:30 a.m. During the hunting season, with legal shooting hours from 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., practically all mallards return to water areas between 6:30 a.m. and 7:l5 a.m., and leave in large flocks between 4:30 and 6:00 p.m. After hunting season, they again change their habits.


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