Human Disturbances to Waterfowl

Annotated Bibliography

33. Catchpole, C. K., and C. F. Tydeman. 1975. Gravel pits as new wetland habitats for the conservation of breeding bird communities. Biological Conservation 8:47-59.

The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) comprised 8.0% and the tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) 2.4% of the total breeding population in 10 sites studied. Reclamation, pollution, and recreation are obvious threats, but new pressures are continually arising. As the demand for water-based recreation continues to increase, it seems likely that gravel pits will face even more pressure than natural wetlands.

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