Human Disturbances to Waterfowl

Annotated Bibliography

27. Brown, P. W., and M. A. Brown. 1981. Nesting biology of the white-winged scoter. Journal of Wildlife Management 45:38-45.

White-winged scoters (Melanitta fusca) are easily disturbed by human interference such as the recreational boating that often occurs on lakes that white-winged scoters prefer for breeding. According to the senior author, recreational boaters stopped at islands and disrupted nesting, and water ski enthusiasts and power boaters ran over hens and broods.

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