---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Allen, J.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1876 TITLE: The American bisons, living and extinct. SOURCE: Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College. 1974. Arno Press, New York. 245 pp. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Arthur, G. PUBL. YEAR: TITLE: The North American bison: a brief history. SOURCE: Prairie Forum 9:281-289. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Banfield, A.W.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1961 TITLE: The wood bison type specimen. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 42:553-554. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Bayrock, L.A. and J.M. Hillerud. PUBL. YEAR: 1964 TITLE: New data on Bison bison athabascae Rhoads. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 45:630-632. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Bhambhani, R.N. PUBL. YEAR: 1968 TITLE: Karyotypic and cytotaxonomic study of domestic cattle and American bison. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. University of Alberta, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Bhambhani, R. and J. Kuspira. PUBL. YEAR: 1969 TITLE: The somatic karyotypes of American bison and domestic cattle. SOURCE: Can. J. Genetics Cytol. 11:243-249. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Bork, A. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Genetic analysis of wood and plains bison by restriction fragment polymorphisms. SOURCE: pp. 47. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom,ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Bork, A.M., C.M. Strobeck, F.C. Yeh, R.J. Hudson, and R.K. Salmon. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Genetic relationship of wood and plains bison based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms. SOURCE: Can. J. Zool. 69:43-48. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Butler, B.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Bison hunting in the desert west before 1800: the paleoecological potential and the archeological reality. SOURCE: Plains Anthropol. 28:106-112. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Daubenmire, R. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: The western limits of the range of the American bison. SOURCE: Ecology 66:622-624. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Dillehay, T.D. PUBL. YEAR: 1974 TITLE: Late Quaternary bison population changes on the southern plains. SOURCE: Plains Anthropol. 19:180-196. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Duffield, L.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1973 TITLE: Aging and sexing the post-cranial skeleton of bison. SOURCE: Plains Anthropol. 18:132-139. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Figgins, J.D. PUBL. YEAR: 1933 TITLE: The bison of the western area of the Mississippi Basin. SOURCE: Proc. Colo. Mus. Nat. Hist. 12:16-33. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Fryxell, F.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1926 TITLE: A new altitude limit for the American bison. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 7:102-109. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Fryxell, F.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1928 TITLE: The former range of the bison in the Rocky Mountains. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 9:129-139. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gainer, B. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Age specific mortality associated with native hunting of bison. SOURCE: Alberta Nat. 16:136. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gebczynski, M. and K. Tomaszewska-Guszkiewicz. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Genetic variability in the European bison. SOURCE: Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 15:285-288. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Geist, V. PUBL. YEAR: 1971 TITLE: The relation of social evolution and dispersal in ungulates during the Pleistocene, with emphasis on the old world deer and the genus Bison. SOURCE: Quart. Res. 1:283-315. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Geist, V. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Phantom subspecies: the wood bison Bison bison "athabacae" Rhoads 1897 is not a valid taxon, but an ecotype. SOURCE: Arctic 44:283-300. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Geist, V. PUBL. YEAR: 1992 TITLE: Endangered species and the law. A commentary. SOURCE: Nature 357:274-276. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Geist, V. and P. Karsten. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: The wood bison (Bison bison athabascae, Rhoads) in relation to hypotheses on the origin of the American bison (Bison bison; Linnaeus). SOURCE: Z Saugetierk. 42:119-127. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Guthrie, R.D. PUBL. YEAR: 1970 TITLE: Bison evolution and zoogeography in North America during the Pleistocene. SOURCE: Qtly. Rev. Biol. 45:1-15. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Guthrie, R.D. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: Bison and man in North America. SOURCE: Can. J. Anthropol. 1:55-73. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Haines, F.D. PUBL. YEAR: 1940 TITLE: The western limits of the buffalo range. SOURCE: Pac. Northwest Quart. 31:389-398. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hanson, J.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Bison ecology in the northern plains and a reconstruction of bison patterns for the North Dakota region. SOURCE: Plains Anthropol. 29:93-113. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Harris, M.J., J.B. Wilson, and T.H.J. Huisman. PUBL. YEAR: 1973 TITLE: Two hemoglobin phenotypes in the American bison, Bison bison: a possible genetic explanation based on structural studies. SOURCE: Biochem. Benet. 9:1-11. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Johnson, C.W. PUBL. YEAR: 1951 TITLE: Protein as a factor in the distribution of the American bison. SOURCE: Geogr. Rev. 41:330-331. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Knudsen, K and F. Allendorf. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Genetic variation of bison allozymes. SOURCE: pp. 48-49. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kobrynczuk, F. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: The influence of inbreeding on the shape and size of the skeleton of the European bison. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 30:379-422. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Larson, F. PUBL. YEAR: 1940 TITLE: The role of the bison in maintaining the short grass plains. SOURCE: Ecology 21:113-121. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Should public herds be trading bison to maintain diversity in the gene pool and/or prevent inbreeding depression? SOURCE: pp. 59-60. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: McClenaghan, L.R., J. Berger, and H.D. Truesdale. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Founding lineages and genetic variability in plains bison (Bison bison) from Badlands National Park, South Dakota. SOURCE: Conserv. Biol. 4:285-289. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: McDonald, J.N. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: The North American bison: a revised classification and interpretation of their evolution. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Calif., Los Angeles. 779 pp. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: McDonald, J.N. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: North American bison, their classification and evolution. SOURCE: Univ. Calif. Press. 316 pp. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Mack, R.N. and J.N. Thompson. PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: Evolution in steppe with few large, hooved animals. SOURCE: Am. Nat. 119:757-773. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Mayr, B., E. Tesarik, H. Auer and H. Burger. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Nucleolus-organizer regions and heterochromatin in three species of bovidae. SOURCE: Gentica (The Haugue) 75:7-212. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Moodie, D.W. and A. J. Ray. PUBL. YEAR: 1976 TITLE: Buffalo migration in the Canadian plains. SOURCE: Plains Anthropol. 21:45-52. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Morgan, R.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: Bison movement patterns on the Canadian plains: An ecological analysis. SOURCE: Plains Anthropol. 25:143-160. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Neuman, P.W. PUBL. YEAR: 1971 TITLE: An examination of genetic variation in plains bison (Bison bison bison)and wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)and their hybrids. SOURCE: Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Neuman, P.W. PUBL. YEAR: 1971 TITLE: Electrophoresis in the study of genetic variation between plains bison (Bison bison bison)and wood bison (Bison bison athabascae). SOURCE: Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Neuman, R.W. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: The buffalo (Bison bison)in the prehistory of southeastern United States. SOURCE: Proc. La. Acad. sci. 43:189. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Olech, W. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Analysis of inbreeding in European bison. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 32:373-387. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Olech, W. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Genetic analysis of the European bison population. Animal genetic resources. Strategies for improved use and conservation. SOURCE: Proceedings of the 2nd meeting of the FAO/UNEP Expert Panel, Warsaw, Poland, June 1986 with Proceedings of the EAAP/PSAS Symposium on Small Animal Populations of Domestic Animals. 1987,245-247; FA0 Animal Production and Health Paper No. 66. Rome, Italy; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Olech, W. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: The participation of ancestral genes in the existing population of European bison. SOURCE: Acta. Theriol. 34:397-407. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Olsen, S.J. PUBL. YEAR: 1960. TITLE: Post-cranial skeletal characters of Bison and Bos. SOURCE: Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard Univ. 35:1-15. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Peden, D.G. and G.J. Kray. PUBL. YEAR: 1979. TITLE: Comparison of blood characteristics in plains bison, wood bison, and their hybrids. SOURCE: Can. J. Zool. 57:778-784. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Peters, H.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: American bison, and bison-cattle hybrids. SOURCE: pp. 46-49 IN: Evolution of domesticated animals. Ian L. Mason (ed.). London: Longman. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reed, E.K. PUBL. YEAR: 1955 TITLE: Bison beyond the Pecos. SOURCE: Texas J. Sci. 7:130-135. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reher, C.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Buffalo population and other deterministic factors in a model of adaptive process on the shortgrass plains. SOURCE: Plains Anthropol. 28:23-39. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rhoads, S.N. PUBL. YEAR: 1897 TITLE: Notes on living and extinct species of North American Bovidae. SOURCE: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 49:483-502. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Roe, F.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1939 TITLE: Buffalo as a possible influence in the development of prairie lands. SOURCE: Can. Hist. Rev. 20:275-287. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rostland, E. PUBL. YEAR: 1960 TITLE: The geographic range of the historic bison in the southeast. SOURCE: Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 50:395-407. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Sartore, G., C. Stormont, B.G. Morris, and A.A. Grunder. PUBL. YEAR: 1969 TITLE: Multiple electrophoretic forms of carbonic anhydrase in red cells of domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and American buffalo (Bison bison). SOURCE: Genetics 61:823-831. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shackelton, D.M., L.V. Hills, and D.A. Hutton. PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Aspects of variation in cranial characters of plains bison (Bison bison bison Linnaeus) from Elk Island National Park, Alberta. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 56:871-887. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shackelton, D.M. and L.V. Hills. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Post-glacial ungulates from Three Hills, Alberta. SOURCE: Can. J. Earth Science 14:963-986. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shaw, D.H. and J.R. Patel. PUBL. YEAR: 1962 TITLE: Demonstration of antigenic difference between American bison (Bison bison) and domestic cattle (Bos taurus). SOURCE: Nature 196:498-499. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shay, C.T. PUBL. YEAR: 1971 TITLE: The Itasca bison kill site, an ecological analysis. SOURCE: Minnesota prehistoric archaeology series, Minnesota Historical Society. 133 p. illus. St. Paul. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shay, C.T. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Late prehistoric bison and deer use in the eastern prairie-forest border. SOURCE: Plains Anthropol. 28:194-212. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shroedl, G.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1973 TITLE: The archeological occurence of bison in the southern plateau. SOURCE: Washington State Univ. Lab. Anthr., Rep. Inv. 51. Wash. State Univ., Pullman, Wash. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shultz, C.B. and W.D. Frankforter. PUBL. YEAR: 1946 TITLE: The geologic history of the bison in the Great Plains of North America. SOURCE: Bull. Univ. Neb. State Mus. 3:1-10. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shultz, F. PUBL. YEAR: 1967 TITLE: Identification of bison skulls. SOURCE: Blue Jay 25:191-192. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Skinner, M.F. and O.C. Kaisen. PUBL. YEAR: 1947 TITLE: The fossil bison of Alaska and preliminary revision of the genus. SOURCE: Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 89:233-256. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Skinner, Q.D. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Riparian zones then and now. SOURCE: Wyo. Range Manage #293. Dept. Range Manage., Univ. Wyo., Laramie. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Stormont, C., W.J. Miller, and Y. Suzuki. PUBL. YEAR: 1961 TITLE: Blood groups and the taxonomic status of American buffalo and domestic cattle. SOURCE: Evolution 15:196-208. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Stormont, C. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: What do we know about bison genetics? SOURCE: pp. 40-46. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Syms, E.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: The Devils Lake-Sourisford burial complex on the northern plains. SOURCE: Plains Anthropol. 24:282-308. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Van Vuren, D. and M.P. Bray. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: The recent geographic distribution of Bison bison in Oregon. SOURCE: Murrelet 66:56-58. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Van Vuren, D. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Bison west of the Rocky Mountains: An alternative explanation. SOURCE: Northwest Sci. 61:65-69. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: van Zyll de Jong, C.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: A systematic study of recent bison, with particular consideration of the Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads 1898). SOURCE: Pub. Nat. Sci. No. 6. Nat. Mus. of Can., Ottawa. 69 pp. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: van Zyll de Jong, C.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Historical geographic variation in North American bison and the taxonomic status of remnant populations of wood bison. SOURCE: pp. 56-57. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Walker, D.N. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Studies of the late pleistocene mammalia fauna of Wyoming. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Wyo., Laramie, WY. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Wilson, M. PUBL. YEAR: 1974 TITLE: History of the bison in Wyoming, with particular reference to early holocene forms. SOURCE: pp. 91-99. IN: Applied geology and archeology: The Holocene history of Wyoming (M. Wilson, ed.). Wyoming Geol. Survey Rpt. Invest. 10:1-129. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Wilson, M. PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Holocene fossil bison from Wyoming and adjacent areas. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.A. Thesis. Univ. Wyoming, Laramie. 276 pp. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Yardley, D.G., G.R. Bright, and D.G. Peden. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Genetic variation in bison, the American buffalo. SOURCE: Bull. S.C. Acad. Sci. 40:95. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Ying, K.L. and D.G. Peden. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Chromosonal homology of wood bison and plains bison. SOURCE: Can. J. Zool. 55:759-762. CATEGORY: Classification and Paleoecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Brink, W. and J. Van Den. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: The behaviour of wisent and bison in larger enclosures. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 25:115-130. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Cabon-Raczynska, K., M. Krasinska, Z.A. Krasinski, and J.M. Wojcik. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Behavior and daily activity rythym of European bison in winter. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 28:273-299. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Cabon-Raczynska, K., M. Krasinska, Z.A. Krasinski, and J.M. Wojcik. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Rythym of daily activity and behavior of European bison in the Bialowieza forest in the period without snow cover. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 32:335-372. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Egerton, P.J.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1962 TITLE: The cow-calf relationship and rutting behavior in American bison. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Alberta, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Egerton, P.J.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1962 TITLE: Bison behaviour. SOURCE: Am. Zool. 2:406. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Egerton, P.J.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1962 TITLE: The social integration of the bison calf. SOURCE: Am. Zool. 2:406. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Englehard, J.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1970 TITLE: Behavior patterns of American bison calves at the National Bison Range, Moise, Montana. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Central Michigan Univ., Mt. Pleasant. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Fischer, W.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1967 TITLE: Observations on behavior of lone bull bison. SOURCE: Iowa Acad. Sci. 74:87-91. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Fuller, W.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1960 TITLE: Behavior and social organization of the wild bison of Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada. SOURCE: Arctic 13:3-19. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Galland, J.C. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Group size dynamics of herding animals. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Calif., Davis. 136 pp. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Giovengo, S.L. and G.H. Waring. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Social development of the American bison calf. SOURCE: Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 29:505. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Goszczynski, J., Z. Gizejewski, and J. Baranski. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Ethological observation on parturition and the time of uterus involution. SOURCE: Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:81. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Age-related differences in nursing behavior among American bison cows (Bison bison). SOURCE: J. Mammal. 67:739-741. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Mother-daughter interactions in American bison (Bison bison): factors associated with individual variation. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. City Univ. of New York, New York. 212 pp. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H., J.G. Griswold, and A. Rothstein. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Post-weaning associations among bison mothers and daughters. SOURCE: Ani. Behav. 38:847-858. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H. and J. Berger. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Maternal investment in sons and daughters:problems of methodology. SOURCE: Behav. Ecol. 27:99-102. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H. and A. Rothstein. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Sex bias or equal opportunity? Patterns of maternal investment in bison. SOURCE: Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 29:373-384. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H. and A. Rothstein. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Trade-offs between growth and reproduction in female bison. SOURCE: Oecologia 86:521-527. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Herrig, D. and A.0. Haugen. PUBL. YEAR: 1970 TITLE: Bull bison behavior traits. SOURCE: Proc. of the Iowa Acad. of Sci. 76:245-262. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Jackson, W.M. and R.L. Winnegrad. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Linearity in dominance hierarchies: a second look at the indi- vidual attributes model. SOURCE: Ani. Behav. 36:1237-1240. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Krasinska, M., K Cabon-Raczynska, and Z.A. Krasinski. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Spacing pattern of the European bison herds in the Bialowieza primeval forest. SOURCE: Trans. Congr. Int. Union. Game Biol. 18:95. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1969 TITLE: Postural aspects of threat and submission signalling in mature male American bison. SOURCE: Am. Zool. 9:1071. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1972 TITLE: Bison would rather breed than fight. SOURCE: Nat. Hist. 81:40-45. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1974 TITLE: Sexual and aggresive behavior of adult male American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: pp. 382-294. IN: The Behavior of Ungulates and its Relation to Management. (V. Geist and F. Walther, eds.). IUCN, Morges, Switzerland. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Hair display loss in mature male American bison: a temperate zone adaptation? SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 49:71-75. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Dominance relations and breeding rate in mature male American bison. SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 49:418-432. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Sexual behavior and intersexual strategies in American bison. SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 56:97-114. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: The buller syndrome in American bison bulls. SOURCE: Appl. Ethol. 11:183-186. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. and S.C. Minta. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Random individual association and social group instability in American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 61:153-172. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. and J.C. Galland. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Parturition in American bison: precocity and systematic variation in cow isolation. SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 69:66-71. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. and J.C. Galland. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Individual variation in fecundity in an American bison population. SOURCE: Mammalia 49:300-302. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. and J.C. Galland. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Body mass as a factor influencing dominance status in American bison cows. SOURCE: J. Mamm. 68:683-685. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: American bison socioecology. SOURCE: Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 29:135-145. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lumia, A.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1972 TITLE: The relationship between dominance and play behavior in the American buffalo, Bison bison. SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 30:416-419. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: McHugh, T. PUBL. YEAR: 1958 TITLE: Social behavior of the American buffalo (Bison bison bison). SOURCE: Zoologica 43:1-40. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Magnac, M.P., D. Langwald Altmann, and G. Gonzalez. PUBL. YEAR: 1992. TITLE: Maternal behavior and independence of the calves within a captive group of American bison. SOURCE: pp. 447-451. IN:Ongules/Ungulates 91 Proceedings. (F. Spitz, G. Janeau, G. Gonzalez, and S. Auangnier, eds. ) S.F.E.P.M.- I.R.G.M. Paris-Toulouse, France. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Mahan, B.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Harassment of an elk calf by bison. SOURCE: Can. Field Nat. 91:418-419. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Mahan, B.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Aspects of American bison (Bison bison)social behavior at Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge, Valentine, Nebraska, with special reference to calves. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Mahan, B.R., M.P. Munger, and H.L. Gunderson. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Analysis of the flehmen display in American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: Prairie Nat. 10:33-42. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Maher, C.R. and J.A. Beyers. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Age-related changes in reproductive effort of male bison. SOURCE: Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 21:91-96 CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Melton, D.A., N.C. Larter, C.C. Gates, and J.A. Virgl. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: The influence of rut and environmental factors on the behavior of wood bison. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 34:179-193. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Pererya, V.I. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Application of ethological data to optimize the measures on introduction of the European bison herds in the Bialowieza primeval forest. SOURCE: Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:95. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Pererya, V.I. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Threatening behavior of European bison (Bison bonasus) in comparison with American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: Zool. Zh. 68:124-132. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Petersburg, S.J. PUBL. YEAR: 1973 TITLE: Bull bison behavior at Wind Cave National Park SOURCE: Unpublish M.S. Thesis. Iowa State Univ., Ames. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Prescott, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Play and the development of individual and social behavior in the American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: Biol Behav. 10:261-276. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Ralls, K., K. Kranz, and B. Lundrigan. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Mother-young relationships in captive ungulates: variability and clustering. SOURCE: Ani. Behav. 34:134-145. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Ralls, K., B. Lundrigan, and K. Kranz. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Mother-young relationships in captive ungulates: behavioral changes over time. SOURCE: Ethology 75:1-14. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Ralls, K., B. Lundrigan, and K. Kranz. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Mother-young relationships in captive ungulates: spatial and temporal patterns. SOURCE: Zoo. Biol. 6:11-20. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reid, K.W. PUBL. YEAR: 1964 TITLE: Limited study of bison behavior with respect to spruce trees. SOURCE: Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reinhardt, V. PUBL. YEAR: 1985a TITLE: Quantitative analysis of wallowing in a confined bison herd. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 30:149-156. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reinhardt, V. PUBL. YEAR: 1985b TITLE: Social behavior in a confined bison herd. SOURCE: Behaviour 92:209-226. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reinhardt, V., A. Reinhardt, and C. Reinhardt. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Evaluating sex differences in aggresiveness in cattle, bison, and rhesus monkeys. SOURCE: Behaviour 102:58-66. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Robitaille, J. and J. Prescott. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: The reproductive behavior of the bison in the Quebec Zoo. SOURCE: Carnets Zool. 41:4-9. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Robitaille, J. and J. Prescott. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Hierarchial organization of a captive herd of Bison bison. SOURCE: Zool. Gart. 55:124-128. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rothstein, A. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Social behavior development in American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 4:88. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rothstein, A. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Social organization in juvenile bison bulls (Bison bison): non-linear dominance and dyadic associations. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. City Univ. of New York, New York. 107 pp. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rothstein, A. and J.G. Griswold. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Age and sex preferences for social partners by juvenile bison bulls, Bison bison. SOURCE: Ani. Behav. 41:227-237. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rowland, D.L., Helgeson, V.S., and C.C. Cox. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Temporal patterns of parturition in mammals in captivity. SOURCE: Chronobiologia 11:31-39. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rutberg, A.T. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Factors influencing dominance status in American bison cows (Bison bison). SOURCE: Z. Tierpsychol. 63:206-212. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rutberg, A.T. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Birth syncrony in American bison (Bison bison): Response to predation or season. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 65:418-423. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rutberg, A.T. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Competition and reproduction in American bison cows. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Wash., Seattle. 91 pp. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shackelton, D.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1968 TITLE: Comparitive aspects of social organization of American bison. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Western Ont., London, Ontario. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shaw, J. and T. Carter. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Long-term associations between bison cows and their offspring. SOURCE: pp. 50-55. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shaw, J.H. and T.S. Carter. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Calving patterns among American bison. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 53:896-898. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shull, A.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Age-speciflc reproductive behavior of male American bison. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shult, M.J. PUBL. YEAR: 1972 TITLE: American bison behavior patterns at Wind Cave National Park. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State Univ, Ames. 191 pp. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Wolff, J.0. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Maternal investment and sex ratio adjustment in American bison calves. SOURCE: Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 23:127-133. CATEGORY: Social Organization and Behavior ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Aune, K.E. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Impacts of winter recreationists on wildlife in portions of Yellowstone National Park, WY. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Montana State Univ., Bozeman. 110 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Barmore, W.J. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: Population characteristics, distribution and habitat relationships of six ungulate species in Yellowstone National Park. SOURCE: 3 vol. 677pp. Yellowstone Nat. Park Libr. Mammoth, WY. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Beidelman, R.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1955 TITLE: An altitudinal record for bison in northern Colorado. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 36:470-471. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Belovsky, G.E. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Optimal foraging and community structure: implications for a guild of generalist grassland herbivores. SOURCE: Oecologia 70:35-52. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Belovsky, G.E. and J.B. Slade. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Time budgets of grassland herbivores: body size similarities. SOURCE: Oecologia 70:53-62. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Bennet, J.P. and R.B. Dahlgren. PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: Seasonal food habits of bison on mixed grass prairie. SOURCE: pp. 143-146. IN: Proc., A Natl. Conf. Grazing Mgt. Tech. (D.D. Briske and M.M. Kothman, eds.). Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Berger, J. and C. Cunningham. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Size-related effects on search times in North American grassland female ungulates. SOURCE: Ecology 69:177-183. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Borowski, S. and S. Kossak. PUBL. YEAR: 1972 TITLE: The natural food preferences of the European bison in seasons free of snow cover. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 17:151-169. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Bowser, G. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Winter foraging behavior in bison (Bison bison) in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. SOURCE: Am. Zool. 28:156. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Cairns, A. PUBL. YEAR: 1976 TITLE: Distribution and food habits of moose, wapiti, deer, bison, and snowshoe hare in Elk Island National Park, Alberta. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Calgary, Calgary. 171 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Cairns, A. and E.S. Telfer. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: Habitat use by four sympatric ungulates in boreal mixedwood forest. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 44:849-857. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Calef, G.W. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Population growth in an introduced herd of wood bison (Bison bison athabascae). SOURCE: pp. 183-200. IN: Northern Ecology and Resource Management. (R. Olsen, et al., eds.). Univ. Alberta Press. Edmonton, Alberta. 438 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Calef, G.W. and J. Van Camp. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Seasonal distribution, group size and structure, and movements of bison herds. SOURCE: pp. 15-20. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl. Ser. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Capp, J.C. PUBL. YEAR: 1964 TITLE: Ecology of the bison of Colorado National Monument. SOURCE: U.S.D.I., N.P.S., Gov. Printing Office. Wash., D.C., 30 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Campbell, B.H. and M. Hinkes. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Winter diets and habitat use of Alaskan bison after wildfire. SOURCE: Wildl. Soc. Bull. 11:16-21 CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Cid, M.S. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Prairie dog and bison grazing effects on maintenance of attributes of a prairie dog colony. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 97 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Cid, M.S., J.K. Detling, A.D. Whicker, and M.A. Brizuela. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Vegetational responses of a mixed-grass prairie site following exclusion of prairie dogs and bison. SOURCE: J. Range Manage. 44:100-105. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Cole, R.S. PUBL. YEAR: 1974 TITLE: Elk and bison management on the Oglala Sioux game range. SOURCE: J. Range Manage. 27:484-485. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Collins, S.L. and G.E. Uno. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: The effects of early spring burning on vegetation in buffalo wallows. SOURCE: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 110:474-481. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Collins, S.L. and S.C. Barber. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Effects of disturbance on diversity in mixed-grass prairie. SOURCE: Vegetatio 64:87-94. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Collingwood, L. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Seasonal bison distributions correlated to habitat types in Wood Buffalo National Park, 1976-1977. SOURCE: IN: Wood Buffalo National Park bison research, 1977 annual report. (J.G. Stelfox, compiler). Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Coppock, D.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: Bison-prairie dog-plant interactions in a northern mixed-grass prairie. SOURCE: Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 61:113. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Coppock, D.L., J.K. Detling, J.L Dodd, and M.I. Dyer. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: Bison prairie dog-plant interactions in Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota. SOURCE: Proc. Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 12:184. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Coppock, D.L., J.K. Detling, and M.I. Dyer. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: Interactions among bison, prairie dogs and vegetation in Wind Cave National Park. SOURCE: Unpubl. Final Report to National Park Service, Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota. 195 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Coppock, D.L., J.E. Ellis, J.K. Detling, and M.I. Dyer. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie. II. Responses of bison to modification of vegetation by prairie dogs. SOURCE: Oecologia 56:10-15. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Coppock, D.L. and J.K. Detling. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Alteration of bison and black-tailed prairie dog grazing interaction by prescribed burning. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 50:452-455. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Day, T.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Modification of individual plant and community water and nitrogen relations by grassland herbivores. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 134 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Day, T.A. and J.K. Detling. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Grassland patch dynamics and herbivore grazing preference following urine deposition. SOURCE: Ecology 71:180-188. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Day, T.A. and J.K. Detling. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Changes in grass leaf water relations following bison urine deposition. SOURCE: Am. Midl. Nat. 123:171-178. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Dearden, B.L., R.E. Pegau, and R.M. Hansen. PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Precision of microhistological estimates of ruminant food habits. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 39:402-407. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Despain, D., D. Houston, M.M. Meagher, and P. Schullery. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Wildlife in transition. SOURCE: Roberts Rinehart, Inc. Boulder, CO. 142 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Detling, J.K. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Trophic interactions among above ground and belowground herbivores and plants in Wind Cave National Park. SOURCE: Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 4:86. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Detling, J.K. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Grasslands and savannas: regulation of energy flow and nutrient cycling by herbivores. SOURCE: Ecol. Stud. Anal. Synth. 67:131-148. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Detling, J.K., M.I. Dyer, C. Procter-Gregg, and D.T. Winn. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: Plant-herbivore interactions: examination of potential effects of bison saliva on regrowth of Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) SOURCE: Oecologia 45:26-31. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Detling, J.K., C.W. Ross, M.H. Walmsley, D.W. Hilbert, C.A. Bonilla, and M.I. Dyer. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Examination of North American bison saliva for potential plant growth regulators. SOURCE: J. Chemical Ecol. 7:239-246. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Dziuk, H.E. PUBL. YEAR: 1965 TITLE: Eructation, regurgitation, and reticuloruminal contraction in the American bison. SOURCE: Am. J. Physiol. 208:343-346. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Edwards, T. PUBL. YEAR: 1976 TITLE: Buffalo and prairie ecology. SOURCE: pp. 110-112. IN: Proceedings of 5th Midwest Prairie Conf. (D.C. Glenn-Lewin and R.Q. Landers, eds.). Iowa State Univ., Ames, Iowa. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: England, R.E. and A. DeVos. PUBL. YEAR: 1969 TITLE: Influence of animals on pristine conditions on the Canadian grasslands. SOURCE: J. Range Manage. 22:87-94. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Fowler, C.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Density dependence as related to life history strategy. SOURCE: Ecology 62:602-610. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Fuller, W.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1961 TITLE: The ecology and management of the American bison. SOURCE: Terre et Vie 108:286-304. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Fuller, W.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1966 TITLE: The biology and management of the bison of Wood Buffalo National Park. SOURCE: Can. Wildl. Serv. Wildl. Manage. Bull. Ser. 1, No. 16.52 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gainer, R. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Free-roaming bison in northern Canada. SOURCE: Alta Nat. 15:86-87. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gainer, R. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Further notes on bison in northern Alberta. SOURCE: Alberta Nat. 16:96-97. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gates, C.C. and N.C. Larter. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Habitat and diet selection of Wood bison in the Mackenzie Sanctuary, Northwest Territories, Canada. SOURCE: Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:65-66. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gates, C.C. and N.C. Larter. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Growth and dispersal of an erupting large herbivore population in northern Canada: the MacKenzie wood bison (Bison bison athabascae). SOURCE: Arctic 43:231-238. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gebczynska, Z. and M. Krasinska. PUBL. YEAR: 1972 TITLE: Food preference and requirements of the European bison. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 17:105-117. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gebczynska, Z., J. Kowalczk, M. Krasinska, and A. Ziolecka. PUBL. YEAR: 1974 TITLE: A comparison of the digestibility of nutrients by European bison and cattle. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 9:283-289. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gibson, D.J. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Effects of animal disturbance on tallgrass prairie vegetation. SOURCE: Am. Midl. Nat. 121:144-154. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gipson, P.S. and J.D. McKendrick. PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: Bison depradation on grain fields in interior Alaska. SOURCE: Proc. Great Plains Wildl. Damage Control Workshop. 5:116-121. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Grimm, R.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1939 TITLE: Northern Yellowstone winter range studies. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 3:295-306. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Halloran, A.F. and B.P. Glass. PUBL. YEAR: 1959 TITLE: The carnivores and ungulates of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 40:360-370. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hawley, A.W.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Comparison of forage utilization and blood composition of bison and Hereford cattle. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Saskatchewan, Saskatoon. 246 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hawley, A.W.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: The effect of bag location along a suspension line on nylon bag digestibility estimates in bison and cattle. SOURCE: J. Range Mange. 34:265-266. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hawley, A.W.L., D.G. Peden, H.W. Reynolds, and E.O. Keith. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Nylon bag digestibilities of five native plants in bison and cattle. SOURCE: Can. J. Anim. Sci. 57:825. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hawley, A.W.L., D.G. Peden, and W.R. Stricklin. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Bison and Hereford steer digestion of sedge hay. SOURCE: Can. J. Anim. Sci. 61:165-174. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hawley, A.W.L., D.G. Peden, H.W. Reynolds, and W.R. Stricklin. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Bison and cattle digestion of forages from the Slave River lowlands, Northwest Territories, Canada. SOURCE: J. Range Manage. 34:126-130. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hawley, A.W.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Bison and cattle use of forages. SOURCE: pp. 49-52. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl. Ser. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Holsworth, W.N. PUBL. YEAR: 1960 TITLE: Interactions between moose, elk, and buffalo in Elk Island National Park, Alberta. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Holsworth, W.N. PUBL. YEAR: 1960 TITLE: Buffalo range and food habits of buffalo in Wood Buffalo Park. SOURCE: Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Houston, D.B. PUBL. YEAR: 1971 TITLE: Ecosystems of national parks. SOURCE: Science 172:245 262. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hudson, R.J. and C.B. Blyth. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Mixed grazing systems of the aspen boreal forest. SOURCE: pp. 381-383. IN: Rangelands, a resource under siege. Proceedings of the 2nd Rangeland Congress. Canberra, Australia. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hudson, R.J. and S. Frank. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Foraging ecology of bison in aspen boreal habitats. SOURCE: J. Range Manage. 40:71-75. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kautz, J.E. and G.M. Van Dyne. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Comparitive analyses of diets of bison, cattle, sheep, and pronghorn antelope on shortgrass prairie in northeastern Colorado, USA. SOURCE: pp. 438-442. IN: Proc. 1st Intl. Rangel. Congr. (D.N. Hyder, ed.). Soc. for Range Manage., Denver, CO. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kelsall, J.P. and E.S. Telfer. PUBL. YEAR: 1971 TITLE: Studies of the physiological adaptation of big game for snow. SOURCE: pp. 134. IN: Proc. Snow and Ice in Relation to Wildl. and Recr. Symp. (A.0. Haugan, ed.). Iowa State Univ., Ames. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kelsall, J.P., E.S. Telfer, and T.S. Wright. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: The effects of fire on the ecology of the boreal forest, with particular reference to the Canadian north: a review and selected bibliography. SOURCE: Can. Wildl. Ser. Occasional Report, No. 32. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kerley, L.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Microhabitat choice and biting flies in American bison (Bison bison): a test of multiple hypotheses. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Nev. Reno. 41 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kerley, L. and J. Berger. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: What influences microhabitat choice in large ungulates?: A test of multiple hypotheses using American bison. SOURCE: Am. Zool. 28:156. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Krasinski, Z.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Dynamics and structure of the European bison population in the Bialoweiza primeval forest. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 23:3-48. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Krasinska, M., K. Cabon-Raczynska, and Z.A. Krasinski. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Strategy of habitat utilization by European bison in the Bialoweiza forest. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 32:147-202. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kreuger, K. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: An experimental analysis of interspecific feeding relationships among bison, pronghorn, and prairie dogs. SOURCE: Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 65:267. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Krueger, K. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Interactions and activity patterns of bison and prairie dogs at Wind Cave National Park: Implications for managers. SOURCE: pp. 203-208. IN: Proc. National Wilderness Res. Conf., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Krueger, K. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Bison, pronghorn, and prairie dogs in Wind Cave: recent results and their uses. SOURCE: Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 4:86. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Krueger, K. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Feeding relationships among bison, pronghorn, and prairie dogs: an experimental analysis. SOURCE: Ecology 67:760-770. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Krueger, K. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Interactions and activity patterns of bison and prairie dogs at Wind Cave National Park: implications for managers. SOURCE: U.S.F.S. Gen. Tech. Rep., INT-212. pp. 203-238. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Larter, N.C. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Diet and habitat selection of an erupting wood bison population. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver. 109 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Larter, N.C. and C.C. Gates. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Home ranges of wood bison in an expanding population. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 71:604-607. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Lott, D.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Home ranges of American bison cows on Santa Catalina Island, California. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 64:161-162. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: McCullough, Y.B. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: Niche separation of seven North American ungulates on the National Bison Range, Montana. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor. 226 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Mahan, B.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Harrasment of an elk calf by bison. SOURCE: Can. Field Nat. 91:418-419. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Martinka, C.J. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Ungulate populations in relation to wilderness in Glacier National Park, Montana. SOURCE: Trans. North Am. Wildl. and Nat. Res. Conf. 43:351-357. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Meagher, M.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1970 TITLE: The bison of Yellowstone National Park: past and present. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis., Univ. California, Berkley. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Meagher, M.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1971 TITLE: Snow as a factor influencing bison distribution and numbers in Pelican Valley, Yellowstone National Park. SOURCE: pp. 63-67. IN: Proc. Snow and Ice in Relation to Wildl. and Recr. Symp. (A.0. Haugan, ed.). Iowa State Univ., Ames. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Meagher, M.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1973 TITLE: The bison of Yellowstone National Park. SOURCE: N.P.S. Sci. Mono. Ser. #1. 161 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Meagher, M.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1976 TITLE: Winter weather as a population-regulating influence on free-ranging bison in Yellowstone National Park. SOURCE: pp. 29-38. IN: Research in the parks, Transactions of the National Park Centennial Symposium., Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Dec. 28-29,1971. Ser. No. 1. U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash. D.C. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Meagher, M.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Bison. SOURCE: p. 123-133. IN: Big game of North America: ecology and management. (J.L. Scmidt and D.L. Gilbert, eds.). Stackpole Books, Harrisburg PA. 494 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Meagher, M.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1989a TITLE: Evaluation of boundary control for bison of Yellowstone National Park. SOURCE: Wildl. Soc. Bull. 17:15-19. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Meagher, M.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1989b TITLE: Range expansion by bison of Yellowstone National Park. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 70:670-675. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Meagher, M.M. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Changes in bison ecological carrying capacity because of human activities. SOURCE: Paper presented at meeting of the George Wright Soc., El Paso, Texas. Nov. 14, 1990. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Nelson, K.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1965 TITLE: Status and habits of the American buffalo (Bison bison)in the Henry Mountain area of Utah. SOURCE: Utah Dept. Fish and Game Pub. No. 65-2. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Norland, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Habitat use and distribution of bison in Theodore Roosevelt National Park. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Norland, J. and C.B. Marlow. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Bison use of harwood draws in the Theodore Roosevelt National Park. IN: Symposium on wooded draws: Characteristics and values for the northern Great Plains. SOURCE: U.S.D.A. For. Serv. Rocky Mtn. For. and Range Exp. Sta., Fort Collins, CO. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Norland, J., L.R. Irby, and C.B. Marlow. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Determination of optimum bison stocking rate in Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota. SOURCE: J. Environ. Manage. 21:225-239. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Norland, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Forage allocation model for competing species of ungulates. SOURCE: pp. 34. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Pearson, H.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1967 TITLE: Rumen microorganisms in buffalo from southern Utah. SOURCE: Appl. Microbiol. 15:1450-1451. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Peden, D.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1971 TITLE: Preliminary activities and results in bison research on the Pawnee Site, U.S. SOURCE: IBP Grassland Biome Study Technical Report 87. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 63 p. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Peden, D.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1972 TITLE: The trophic relations of Bison bison to the shortgrass plains. SOURCE: Ph.D. Diss., Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Peden, D.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1976 TITLE: Botanical composition of bison diets on shortgrass plains. SOURCE: Am. Midl. Nat. 96:225-229. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Peden, D.G., G.M. Van Dyne, R.W. Rice, and R.M. Hansen. PUBL. YEAR: 1974 TITLE: The trophic ecology of Bison bison L. on shortgrass plains. SOURCE: J. Appl. Ecology. 11:489-498 CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Peek, J.M., D.G. Miquelle, and R.G. Wright. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Are bison exotic in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve? SOURCE: Environ. Manage. 11:149-153. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Peters, H.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1958 TITLE: A feedlot study of bison and cattle and Hereford calves. SOURCE: Can. J. Ani. Sci. 38:87-90. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Peters, H.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1966 TITLE: Range calf production of cattle, bison, cattalo, and Hereford cows. SOURCE: Can. J. Ani. Sci. 46:157-164. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Plumb, G.E. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Foraging ecology of bison and cattle on a northern mixed prairie. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Plumb, G.E. PUBL. YEAR: 1992 TITLE: Analysis of linear programming models of ungulate foraging. SOURCE: pp. 183-184. IN: Ongules/Ungulates 91Proceedings. (F. Spitz, G. Janeau, G. Gonzalez, and S. Auangnier, eds.) S.F.E.P.M.- I.R.G.M. Paris Toulouse, France. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Polley, H.W. and S.L. Collins. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Relationships of vegetation and environment in buffalo wallows. SOURCE: Amer. Midl. Nat. 112:178 186. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Popp, J.K. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Range ecology of bison on mixed grass prairie at Wind Cave National Park. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Iowa State Univ. Ames, Iowa. 59 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Ravendal, D.V. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Interspecific nutritional facilitation: Do bison benefit from feeding on prairie dog towns? SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. 44 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reynolds, H.W. PUBL. YEAR: 1976 TITLE: Bison diets of Slave River Lowlands, Canada. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 66pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reynolds, H.W., R.M. Hansen, and D.G. Peden. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Diets of the Slave River Lowland bison herd, Northwest Territories, Canada. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 42:581-590. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reynolds, H.W. and D.G. Peden. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Vegetation, bison diets, and snow cover. SOURCE: pp. 39-44. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl. Ser. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Reynolds, H.W., R.D. Glaholt, and A.W.L. Hawley. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural development in the Slave River Lowlands. SOURCE: Can. Wildl. Ser. Occasional Paper. No. 63. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rice, R.W., R.E. Dean and J.E. Ellis. PUBL. YEAR: 1974a TITLE: Bison, cattle, and sheep dietary quality and food intake. SOURCE: Proc., West. Sect., Am. Soc. of Ani. Sci. 25:194-197. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rice, R.W., R.E. Dean and J.E. Ellis. PUBL. YEAR: 1974b TITLE: Bison, cattle, and sheep dietary quality and food intake. SOURCE: J. Ani. Sci. 38:1332. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rice, R.W., J.G. Nagy, and D.G. Peden. PUBL. YEAR: 1971 TITLE: Functional interaction of large herbivores on grasslands. SOURCE: pp. 241-265. IN: Analysis of Structure and Function of Grasslands: A Preliminary Report. (N.R. Frency, ed.). Range Sci. Dept. Sci. Ser. No. 10. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Richmond, R.J., R.J. Hudson, and R.J. Christopherson. PUBL. YEAR: 1977a TITLE: Comparison of forage intake and digestibility by American bison, yak, and cattle. SOURCE: 55th Annual Feeder's Day Rep. Univ. Alberta, Edmonton. 55: 49-50. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Richmond, R.J., R.J. Hudson, and R.J. Christopherson. PUBL. YEAR: 1977b TITLE: Comparison of forage intake and digestibility by American bison, yak, and cattle. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 22:225-230. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Roe, F.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1970 TITLE: The North American buffalo: A critical study of the species in its wild state. SOURCE: 2nd ed. Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. 957 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rupp, G.P. and E.O. Keith. PUBL. YEAR: 1976 TITLE: Rumen fistulae in bison. SOURCE: IN: "Today's Research-Tommorow's Colorado." Proc. 89th Ann. Res. Conf. Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rutberg, A.T. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: The impact of aggression on feeding efficiency during grazing. SOURCE: Am. Zool. 23:935. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Schaefer, A.L., B.A. Young, and A.M. Chimwano. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Ration digestion and retention times of digesta in domestic cattle (Bos taurus), American bison (Bison bison), and Tibetian yak (Bos grunniens). SOURCE: Can. J. Zool. 56:2355-2358. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Schwartz, C.C., J.G. Nagy, and R.W. Rice. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Pronghorn dietary quality relative to forage availability and other ruminants in Colorado. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 41:161-168. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Schwartz, C.C. and J.E. Ellis. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Feeding ecology and niche separation in some native and domestic ungulates on shortgrass prairie. SOURCE: J. Appl. Ecol. 18:343-353. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shaw, G.G. and H.W. Reynolds. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Selenium concentrations in forages of a northern herbivore. SOURCE: Arctic 38:61-64. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shaw, J.H. and T.S. Carter. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Bison movements in relation to fire and seasonality. SOURCE: Wildl. Soc. Bull. 18:426-430. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shull, A.M. and A.R. Tipton. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Effective population size of bison on the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. SOURCE: Cons. Biol. 1:35-41 CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Solowski, A.W. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Restoring the bison's habitat in Bialoweiza. SOURCE: Ambio 12:197-202. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Soper, J.D. PUBL. YEAR: 1941 TITLE: History, range, and home life of the northern bison. SOURCE: Ecol. Mon. 11:347-412. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Sparks, K.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1972 TITLE: Grazing behavior of bison and cattle on a shortgrass prairie. SOURCE: U.S. Inter. Biol. Pro., Grassland Biome, Tech. Rep. #149., Nat. Res. Ecol. Lab., Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Steuter, A.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Restoring a mixed prairie process: the fire-bison grazing interaction. SOURCE: Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 69:308. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Stueter, A.A., C.E. Grygeil, and M.E. Biondini. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: A synthesis approach to research and management planning: The conceptual development and implementation. SOURCE: Nat. Areas J. 10:61-68. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Telfer, E.S. and G.W. Scotter. PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Potential for game ranching in boreal aspen forests of western Canada. SOURCE: J. Range Manage. 27:427-432. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Telfer, E.S. and A. Cairns. PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Bison-wapiti interrelationships in Elk Island National Park, Alberta. SOURCE: pp. 114-121. IN: North American Elk: Ecology, Behavior, and Management. (M.S. Boyce and L.D. Hayden-Wing, eds.) Univ. Wyo. Laramie, WY. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Telfer, E.S. and J.P. Kelsall. PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Studies of morphological parameters affecting ungulate location in snow. SOURCE: Can. J. Zool. 57:2153-2159. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Telfer, E.S. and J.P. Kelsall. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Adaptation of some large North American mammals for survival in snow. SOURCE: Ecology 65:1828-1834. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Telfer, E.S. and A. Cairns. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Resource use by moose versus sympatric deer, wapiti, and bison. SOURCE: Alces 22:114-137. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Towne, G. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbial comparison between bison and cattle. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Kansas State Univ. 136 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Towne, G., T.G. Nagaraja, R.C. Cochran, D.L. Harmon, C.E. Owensby, and D.W. Kaufman. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Comparison of ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbial population in bison and cattle. SOURCE: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:2510-2514. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Towne, G., T.G. Nagaraja, and K.K. Kemp. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Ruminal ciliated protozoa in bison. SOURCE: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:2733-2736. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Towne, G., Nagaraja, T.G., and R.C. Cochran. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Ruminal microbial populations and fermentation characteristics in bison and cattle fed high- and low-quality forage. SOURCE: Microb. Ecol. 17:311-316. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Towne, G. and T.G. Nagaraja. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Occurrence and diurnal population fluctuations of the ruminal protozoan Microcetus lappus. SOURCE: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:91-94. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Towne, G. and T.G. Nagaraja. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Omasal ciliated protozoa in cattle, bison, and sheep. SOURCE: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:409-412. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Turner, M.G., W.R. Romme, and L.L. Wallace. PUBL. YEAR: ---- TITLE: Simulation of winter foraging by large ungulates in a heterogeneous landscape. SOURCE: Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 71:349-350. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Urness, P.J. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Why did bison fail west of the Rockies? SOURCE: Utah Sci. 50:174-179. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Van Camp, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Snow conditions and the winter feeding behavior of Bison bison in Elk Island National Park. SOURCE: Can. Wildl. Serv. Unpubl. Rep. No. CWS(WR)-55-75. 91 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Van Camp, J. and G.W. Calef. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Population dynamics of bison. SOURCE: pp. 21-24. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl. Ser. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Van Vuren, D. PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Ecology and behavior of bison in the Henry Mountains, Utah. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Van Vuren, D. PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: Comparitive ecology of bison and cattle in the Henry Mountains, Utah. SOURCE: pp. 449-457. IN: Proceedings of the wildlife-livestock relationships symposium. April 20-22,1981. (L. Nelson and J.M. Peek, eds.) For., Wildl. & Range Exp. Sta., Univ. Idaho. Coeur d'Alene, ID. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Van Vuren, D. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Group dynamics and summer home range of bison in southern Utah. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 64:329-339. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Van Vuren, D. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Summer diets of bison and cattle in southern Utah. SOURCE: J. Range Manage. 37:260-261 CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Van Vuren, D. and M.P. Bray. PUBL. YEAR: 1983 TITLE: Diets of bison and cattle on a seeded range in southern Utah. SOURCE: J. Range Manage. 36:499-500. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Van Vuren, D. and M.P. Bray. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Population dynamics of bison in the Henry Mountains, Utah. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 67:503-511. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Vanderhye, A.V.R. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Interspecific nutritional facilitation: do bison benefit from feeding on prarie dogtowns? SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 44 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Vanderhye, A.V.R., D.M. Swift, and J.K Detling. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Interspecific nutritional facilitation at Wind Cave National Park: do bison benefit from feeding on prairie dog colonies? SOURCE: Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 4:88. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Varel, V.H. and B.A. Dehority. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Ruminal cellulytic bacteria and protozoa from bison, cattle- bison hybrids, and cattle fed three alfalfa-corn diets. SOURCE: Appl. Env. Microbiol. 55:148-153. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Vinton, M.A. and D.C. Hartnett. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Grazed patch and wallow formation by bison and initial plant responses on tallgrass prairie. SOURCE: Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 70:287. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Waggoner, V. and M. Hinkes. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Summer and fall browse utilization by an Alaskan bison herd. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 50:322-324. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Wallace, L.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Grazing and nutrient movement by bison in a mixed grass prairie ecosystem. SOURCE: Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 66:289. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Wallace, L.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Mycorrhizas in grasslands: interactions of ungulates, fungi, and drought. SOURCE: New Phytologist. 105:619-632. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Whicker, A.D. and J.K. Detling. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Modification of vegetation structure and ecosystem processes by North American grassland mammals. SOURCE: pp. 301-316. IN: Plant form and vegetation structure. (M.J.A. Werger, P.J.M. van der Aart, H.J. During, and J.T.A. Verhoeven, eds.). SPB Academic Publ. The Hague, Netherlands. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Whicker, A.D. and J.K. Detling. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Ecological consequences of prairie dog disturbances. SOURCE: Bioscience 38:778-785. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Williams, G.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Simulation modeling of big game at Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. SOURCE: Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 242 pp. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Wydeven, A.P. PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Food habits and ecological relationships of elk to other herbivores in Wind Cave National Park. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis., Iowa State Univ. Ames. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Wydeven, A.P. and R.B. Dahlgren. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Ungulate habitat relationships in Wind Cave National Park. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 49:805-813. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Young, B.A., A. Schaefer, and A. Chimwano. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Digestive capacities of cattle, bison, and yak. SOURCE: pp. 31-34. IN: 56th Ann. Feeders' Day Rep., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Foraging and Habitat Ecology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Armstong, G.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1965 TITLE: An examination of cementum of the teeth of bovidae with special reference to its use in age determination. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Alberta, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Armstong, G.G. PUBL. YEAR: 1967 TITLE: Aging bison by tooth succession. SOURCE: Unpubl. report. Alberta Fish and Wildl. Div., Edmonton. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Asdell, S.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1964 TITLE: Patterns of mammalian reproduction. SOURCE: 2nd ed. Comstock Publ. Co. Ithaca, N.Y. 670 pp. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Berger, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Reproductive ecology and genetics of bison at Badlands National Park. SOURCE: pp. 58. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Berger, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Female reproductive potential and its apparent evaluation in male mammals. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 70:347-358. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Berger, J. and M. Peacock. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Variability in size-weight relationships of Bison bison. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 69:618-624. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Blood, D.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1963 TITLE: Structure of confined bison herds with regard to prevention of excessive inbreeding. SOURCE: Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Bowser, G. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: The assessment of winter ungulate condition through behavioral and condition analysis in Yellowstone National Park. SOURCE: Am. Zool. 29:4. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Braend, M. PUBL. YEAR: 1963 TITLE: Haemoglobin and transferin types in the American buffalo. SOURCE: Nature 197:910-911. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Christopherson, R.J., R.J. Hudson, and R.J. Richmond. PUBL. YEAR: 1976 TITLE: Feed intake, metabolism, and thermal insulation of bison, yak, Scottish Highland and Hereford calves during winter. SOURCE: 55th Annual Feeder's Day Rep., Alberta Univ., Dept. Anim. Sci. 55:51-52. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Christopherson, R.J. and R.J. Hudson. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Effect of temperature and wind on cattle and bison. SOURCE: 57th Annual Feeder's Day Rep., Alberta Univ., Dept. Anim. Sci. 57:40-41. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Christopherson, R.J., R.J. Hudson, and R.J. Richmond. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Comparitive winter bioenergetics of American bison, yak, Scottish Highland and Hereford calves. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 23:49-54. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Christopherson, R.J., R.J. Hudson, and M.K. Christopherson. PUBL. YEAR: 1979 TITLE: Seasonal energy expenditures and thermoregulatory responses of bison and cattle. SOURCE: Can. J. Anim. Sci. 59:611-617. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Clemens, E.T., K.L. Meyer, M.P. Carlson, and N.R. Schnieder. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Hematology, blood chemistry, and selenium values of captive pronghorn antelope, white-tailed deer, and American bison. SOURCE: Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 87:167-170. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Cooper, S. PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Bison natality rate and calf survival studies, fall 1975, Wood Buffalo National Park. SOURCE: Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Dickinson, C.E. PUBL. YEAR: 1976 TITLE: Carcass characteristics of a bison steer (Bison bison). SOURCE: International Biological Programme. Grassland Biome. Tech. Rep. no. 302. Fort Collins: Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Dorn, C.G., W.B. Foxworth, P.D. Butler, G.C. Olsen, B.A. Wolfe, D.S. Davis, T.R. Simpson, and D.C. Kraemer. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Superovulation and embryo recovery in the American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: Theriogenology 33:217. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Drozdz, A., J. Weiner, Z. Gebczynska, and M. Krasinska. PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Some bioenergentic parameters of wild ruminants. SOURCE: Pol. Ecol. Stud. 1:51-60. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Evans, L. PUBL. YEAR: 1964 TITLE: Comparison of fatty acids from the lipid classes of serum lipoproteins and other lipids in the bison. SOURCE: J. Dairy Sci. 47:46-53. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Frison, G.C. and C.A. Reher. PUBL. YEAR: 1970 TITLE: Age determination of buffalo by teeth eruption and wear. SOURCE: Plains Anthropol. 15:46-50. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Fuller, W.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1954 TITLE: The first premolar and the canine tooth in bison. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 35:454-456. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Fuller, W.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1955 TITLE: Fertility of bison in Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada. SOURCE: pp. 52-63. IN: Proceedings, Alaska Science Conference. Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Fuller, W.A. PUBL. YEAR: 1959 TITLE: The horns and teeth as indicators of age in bison. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 23:342-344. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gill, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Physiological indices of adaptation of European bison to some environmental factors. SOURCE: Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:67. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gill, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Seasonal changes in the red blood cell system in the European bison, Bison bonasus L. SOURCE: Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Comp. Physiol. 92:291-298. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gill, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Levels of T4, T3 and cortisol in the blood serum of the European bison (Bison bonasus) in the winter period. SOURCE: Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Comp. Physiol. 93:567-569. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gill, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Seasonal cyclicity in carbohydrate metabolism parameters in the European bison, Bison bonasusn L. SOURCE: Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 96:435-439. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gill, J. PUBL. YEAR: 1992 TITLE: Some indices of the European bison metabolism and their dependence on environmental factors. SOURCE: pp. 159-162. IN: Ongules/Ungulates 91 Proceedings. (F. Spitz, G. Janeau, G. Gonzalez, and S. Auangnier, eds.) S.F.E.P.M.- I.R.G.M. Paris-Toulouse, France. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gizejewski, Z., M. Skowron, and M. Snochowski. PUBL. YEAR: 1992 TITLE: Ultrasonographic control of ovulatory time in female hybrids of European bison and domestic cattle after oestrussynchroni- zation. SOURCE: pp. 569-571. IN: Ongules/Ungulates 91Proceedings. (F. Spitz, G. Janeau, G. Gonzalez, and S. Auangnier, eds.) S.F.E.P.M.- I.R.G.M. Paris-Toulouse, France. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gordon, I.F. and A.W. Illius. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Incisor arcade structure and diet selection in ruminants. SOURCE: Functional Ecology. 2:15-22. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Reproductive effort and associated costs in bison (Bison bison): do older mothers try harder? SOURCE: Behav. Ecol. 1:148-160. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Green, W.C.H. and A. Rothstein. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Trade-offs between growth and reproduction in female bison. SOURCE: Oecologia 86:521-527. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Gunderson, H.L. and B.R. Mahan. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: Analysis of sonograms of American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: J. Mammal. 61:379-381. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Haines, H., H.G. Chichester, and H.I. Landreth. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Blood respiratory properties of Bison bison. SOURCE: Respir. Physiol. 30:305-310. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Halloran, A.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1957 TITLE: Live and dressed weights of American bison. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 38:139. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Halloran, A.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1961 TITLE: American bison weights and measurements from the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. SOURCE: Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 41:212-218. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Halloran, A.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1968 TITLE: Bison (Bovidae) productivity on the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma. SOURCE: Southwest Nat. 13:23-26. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Harper, J.W. and J.D. Maser. PUBL. YEAR: 1976 TITLE: A macroscopic study of the brain of Bison bison bison, the American plains buffalo. SOURCE: Anat. Rec. 184:187-201. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Haugen, A.0. PUBL. YEAR: 1974 TITLE: Reproduction in the plains bison. SOURCE: Iowa State J. Res. 49:1-8. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hawley, A.W.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1986 TITLE: Carcass characteristics of bison (Bison bison) steers. SOURCE: Can. J. Anim. Sci. 66:293-295. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hawley, A.W.L. PUBL. YEAR: 1987 TITLE: Identifying bison ration groups by mulivariate analysis of blood composition. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 51:893-900. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hawley, A.W.L. and D.G. Peden. PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: Effects of ration, season and animal handling on composition of bison and cattle blood. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Dis. 18:321-338. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Haynes, G. PUBL. YEAR: 1984 TITLE: Tooth wear in northern bison. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 65:487 491 CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hudson, R.J. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Body size, energetics, and adaptive radiation. SOURCE: pp. 1-24. IN: Bioenergetics of wild herbivores. (R.J. Hudson and R.G. White, eds.) CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Hudson, R.J. and R.G. White. PUBL. YEAR: 1985 TITLE: Computer simulation of energy budgets. SOURCE: pp. 261-290. IN: Bioenergetics of wild herbivores. (R.J. Hudson and R.G. White, eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Keith, E.O. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Urea metabolism of North American bison. SOURCE: Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Keith, E.O., J.E. Ellis, R.W. Phillips, and M.M. Benjamin. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Seralogic and hematoligic values of bison in Colorado. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Dis. 14:493-500. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Keith, E.O., J.E. Ellis, R.W. Phillips, M.I. Dyer, and G.M. Ward. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Some aspects of urea metabolism in North American bison. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 26:257-268. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kelsall, J.P., E.S. Telfer, and M.C.S. Kingsley. PUBL. YEAR: 1978 TITLE: Relationship of bison weight to chest girth. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Manage. 42:659-661. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kelsall, J.P., E.S. Telfer, and K. Simpson. PUBL. YEAR: 1980 TITLE: Indirect determination of ungulate foot area. SOURCE: Can. J. Zool. 58:464-466. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kholodova, M.V. and I.P. Belousova. PUBL. YEAR: 1989 TITLE: Consumption and assimilation of nutrient substances and energy by Bison bonasus. SOURCE: Zool. Zh. 68:107-117. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kingsley, M.C.S. PUBL. YEAR: 1982 TITLE: Analysis of bison marrow fat data, Wood Buffalo National Park. SOURCE: Unpublished Report. Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Knox, K.L., D. Wesley, J.C. Crownova, and J. Nagy. PUBL. YEAR: 1974 TITLE: Comparitive energy metabolism of American ungulates. SOURCE: pp. 229. IN: Proc. Symp. Energy Metab. Farm Animals, Vol. 14. (H. Hohenheim, ed.) European Assoc. of Ani. Prod., Wageningen. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kobryn, H. PUBL. YEAR: 1973 TITLE: Thorax in European bison and other ruminants. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 18:313-341. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kobryn, H. PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Morphology of the thymus in the European bison. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 20:161-164. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Kobrynczuk, F. and H. Kobryn. PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Growth rate of bones in the post-embryonic development of the European bison. SOURCE: Acta Tleriol. 20:151-159. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Leary. T.R. PUBL. YEAR: ---- TITLE: A staining procedure for cattle and bison carbonic anhydrase using fluorescein diacetate. SOURCE: Anim. Blood Groups Biochem. Genet. 9:65-67. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: MacNeil, J.D., J.R. Patterson, A.C. Feeser, and Stacy V. Tessaro. PUBL. YEAR: 1991 TITLE: Persistant organochlorine residues in game-ranched bison in Saskatchewan, Canada. SOURCE: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 46:300-304. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Marler, R.J. PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Some hematoligic and blood chemistry values in two herds of American bison in Kansas. SOURCE: J. Wildl. Dis. 11:97 100. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Meher, C.F. PUBL. YEAR: 1976 TITLE: Some hematologic values of bison from five areas of the United States. SOURCE: J. Widl. Dis. 12:7-13. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Novakowski, N.S. PUBL. YEAR: 1962 TITLE: Growth and osteological comparisons of Plains bison, Wood bison, and possible hybrids. SOURCE: Unpubl report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Novakowski, N.S. PUBL. YEAR: 1965 TITLE: Cemental deposition as an age criterion in bison, and the relation of incisor wear, eyelens weight, and dressed bison carcass weight to age. SOURCE: Can. J. Zool. 43:173-178. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Peters, H.F. and S.B. Slen. PUBL. YEAR: 1964 TITLE: Hair coat characteristics of bison, domestic x bison hybrids, cattalo, and certain domestic breeds of cattle. SOURCE: Can. J. Ani. Sci. 44:48-57. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Pytel. S, Krasinska, M., and Wegrzyn, M. PUBL. YEAR: 1977 TITLE: Morpholgy of the spleen in the European bison and its hybrids with domestic cattle. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 22:141-149. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Pytel, S., M. Wegrzyn, and F. Kobrynczuk. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Abnormal development of the cuadal vena cava in European bison. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 33:361-365. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rutberg, A.T. PUBL. YEAR: 1986a TITLE: Lactation and fetal sex ratios in American bison. SOURCE: Am. Nat. 127:89-94. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Rutberg, A.T. PUBL. YEAR: 1986b TITLE: Dominance and its fitness consequences in American bison cows. SOURCE: Behaviour 96:62-91 CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Satterfield, W.C. and K. O'Rourke. PUBL. YEAR: 1981 TITLE: Rapid serum tests or adequate transfer of colostral antibody in neonate non domestic bovids: banteg (Bos banteng); yak (Bos mutus); American bison (Bison bison): Congo buffalo (Syncerus caffer). SOURCE: J. Zoo Anim. Med. 12:31-33. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Shackelton, D.M., L.V. Hills, and D.A. Hutton. PUBL. YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Aspects of variation in cranial characters of plains bison (Bison bison bison Linnaeus) from Elk Island National Park, Alberta. SOURCE: J. Mammal. 56:871-887. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Sikarskie, J.G. T.W. Schillhorn van Veen, G. van Selm, and M.D. Kock. PUBL. YEAR: 1990 TITLE: Comparitive blood characteristics of ranched and free-ranging American bison (Bison bison). SOURCE: Am. J. Vet. Res. 51:955-957. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Steklenev, E.P. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Reproductive activity of North American bison (Bison bison L.) in the southern Ukraine, and prospects for the utilization of the species. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya. SOURCE: Biologiya. 6:104-110. (Russian and English). CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Szteyn, S. and A. Krawczuk-Robak. PUBL. YEAR: 1988 TITLE: Structure and topgraphy of dorsal funniculus nuclei in European bison. SOURCE: Acta Theriol. 33:580-584. CATEGORY: Growth and Bioenergentics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AUTHOR: Tsug