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Adis, J. 1979. Problems of interpreting arthropod sampling with pitfall traps. 
     Zoologischer Anzeiger 202:177-184.

Baars, M. A. 1979. Catches in pitfall traps in relation to mean densities of 
     carabid beetles. Oecologia 41:25-46.
     
Bousquet, Y., and A. Larochelle. 1993. Catalogue of the Geadephaga (Coleoptera: 
     Trachypachidae, Rhysodidae, Carabidae including Cicindelini) of America 
     North of Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 167:1-397.

Collins, C. L., and L. L. Wallace. 1990. Fire in North American tallgrass 
     prairies. Univ. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.

Dufrêne, M., M. Baguette, K. Desender, and J-P. Maelfait. 1990. Evaluations 
     of carabids as bioindicators: a case study in Belgium. Pp. 377-381 in The 
     role of ground beetles in ecological and environmental studies (N. G. 
     Stork, ed.). Intercept, Andover, Hampshire, United Kingdom.

Epstein, M. E., and H. M. Kulman. 1990. Habitat distribution and seasonal 
     occurrence of carabid beetles in east-central Minnesota. Am. Midl. Nat. 
     123:209-225.

Evans, W. G. 1971. The attraction of insects to forest fires. Pp. 115-127 in 
     Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Conference on Ecological Animal Control by 
     Habitat Management. The Station Publishers, Tallahassee, FL.

Evans, W. G. 1983. Habitat selection in Carabidae. Coleopterists Bull. 37:164-
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Eyre, M. D., and S. P. Rushton. 1989. Quantification of conservation criteria 
     using invertebrates. J. Appl. Ecol. 26:159-172.

Greenslade, P. J. M. 1964. Pitfall trapping as a method for studying populations 
     of Carabidae (Coleoptera). J. Animal Ecol. 33:301-310.

Holliday N. J. 1984. Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from a burned 
     spruce forest (Picea spp.). Can. Entomol. 116:919-922.

Kirk, V. M. 1971. Ground beetles in cropland in South Dakota. Ann. Entomol. 
     Soc. Am. 64:238-241.

Krebs, C. J. 1989. Ecological methodology. HarperCollins, New York, NY.

Lindroth, C. H. 1961-1969. The ground beetles (Carabidae, excl. Cicindelinae) 
     of Canada and Alaska, parts 1-6. Opuscula Entomologica Supplements 20, 
     24, 29, 33, 34, 35, Lund, Sweden.

Maelfait, J-P., and K. Desender. 1990. Possibilities of short-term carabid 
     sampling for site assessment studies. Pp. 217-225 in The role of ground 
     beetles in ecological and environmental studies (N.G. Stork, ed.). 
     Intercept, Andover, Hampshire, United Kingdom.

McCoy, E. D. 1987. The ground-dwelling beetles of periodically-burned plots of 
     sandhill. Insect Behav. Ecol. 70:31-39.

Minitab. 1994. Minitab user's guide, Release 10 for Windows. Minitab, Inc., 
     State College, PA.

Mitchell, B. 1963. Ecology of two carabid beetles, Bembidion lampros (Herbst) 
     and Trechus quadristriatus (Schrank): II. studies on populations of adults 
     in the field, with special reference to the technique of pitfall trapping. 
     J. Animal Ecol. 32:377-392.

Niemelä, J., Y. Haila, E. Halme, T. Pajunen, and P. Puntilla. 1989. The annual 
     activity cycle of carabid beetles in the southern Finnish taiga. Ann. Zool. 
     Fennici 26:35-41.

Niemelä, J., E. Halme, and Y. Haila. 1990. Balancing sampling effort in pitfall 
     trapping of carabid beetles. Entomologica Fennica 1:233-238.

Noonan, G. R. 1991. Classification, cladistics and natural history of the 
     native North American Harpalus Latreille (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: 
     Harpalini), excluding subgenera Glanodes and Pseudophonus. Thomas Say 
     Foundation Monograph, Vol. XIII. Entomological Society of America, 
     Lanham, MD.

Purrington, F. F., and K. J. Larsen. 1997. Records of thirteen ground beetles 
     (Coleoptera: Carabidae) new to Iowa. J. Iowa Acad. Sci. 104:50-51.

Rickard, W. H. 1974. Ground dwelling beetles in burned and unburned vegetation. 
     J. Range Manage. 23:293-294.

Seastedt, T. R., D. C. Hayes, and N. J. Petersen. 1986. Effects of vegetation, 
     burning and mowing on soil macroarthropods of tallgrass prairie. Pp. 99-
     102 in The Prairie: Past, present and future — Proceedings of the Ninth 
     North American Prairie Conference (G. K. Clambey and R. H. Pemble, eds.). 
     Tri-College Univ. Center for Environmental Studies, Fargo, ND.

Thiele, H-U. 1977. Carabid beetles in their environments. Springer-Verlag, 
     New York, NY.

Van Amburg, G. L., J. A. Swaby, and R. H. Pemble. 1981. Response of arthropods 
     to a spring burn of a tallgrass prairie in northwestern Minnesota. Pp. 240-
     243 in The prairie peninsula - "in the shadow" of Transeau: Proceedings 
     of the Sixth North American Prairie Conference (R. L. Stuckey and K. J. 
     Reese, eds.). Ohio Biological Survey Biological Notes No. 15. The Ohio 
     State Univ. Press, Columbus, OH.