USGS Home
Contact USGS
Search USGS

Great Copper			Gaeides xanthoides (Boisduval), 1852
				Habitat: Prairie meadows, ditches, disturbed areas
				Larval food: Rumex obtusifolius
				Adult flight: One brood, late June through July
				References: Royer 47, Opler & Krizek 83, Scott 391
				Confirmed occurrences:  Not recorded in 1995 or 1996 at 
				J. Clark Salyer NWR, but on record elsewhere in McHenry 
				and adjacent counties, and probable in any year.

Bronze Copper			Hyllolycaena hyllus (Cramer), 1775
				Habitat: Open wet meadows with Polygonum or Rumex, pond 
				margins, marshes, usually with neutral to alkaline soil pH
				Larval food: Rumex crispus, R. obiculatus, Polygonum spp.
				Adult flight: Two broods, June and August
				References: Royer 47, Opler & Krizek 84, Scott 388
				Confirmed occurrences:  Not recorded in 1995 at J. Clark 
				Salyer NWR, but on record elsewhere in McHenry and 
				adjacent counties, and probable in any year in lowland 
				meadows with docks 
				
Purplish Copper			Epidemia helloides (Boisduval), 1852
				Habitat: Wastelands, wet ditches, open fields; a vagile 
				species
				Larval food: Rumex spp., Polygonum spp.
				Adult flight: Two broods, June and August
				References: Royer 49, Opler & Krizek 86, Scott 389
				Confirmed occurrences: 19 Jun 1995 in NE 1/4 S6 T158N R76W;
				11 Jun 1996 on transect CS002.

Coral Hairstreak		Harkenclenus titus (Fabricius), 1793
				Habitat: Scrub, esp. with Prunus, Crataegus and Asclepias
				Larval food: Prunus spp.
				Adult flight: One brood, July into August
				References: Royer 50, Opler & Krizek 89, Scott 360
				Confirmed occurrences: 28 Jul 1995 on transect CS002 and 
				swarming in north ditch on blooms of Baby's Breath, S14 
				T158N R76W; also common on willow clumps, 24 Jun 1987 in 
				NW 1/4 S6 T158N R76W; common 13 Jul through 1 Aug 1996 on 
				transect CS002; again abundant 13 Jul 1996 in north ditch	
				east of bridge, S14 T158N R76W on Baby's Breath.

Acadian Hairstreak		Satyrium acadicum (Fabricius), 1793
				Habitat: Willow scrub in moist areas
				Larval food: Salix spp.
				Adult flight: One brood, late June, July
				References: Royer 50, Opler & Krizek 90, Scott 361
				Confirmed occurrences: 28 Jul 1995 on transect CS001 and 
				elsewhere in S6 T158N R76W.

Edwards' Hairstreak		Satyrium edwardsii (Grote & Robinson), 1867
				Habitat: Scrub oak thickets, esp. in sandy or gravelly 
				areas
				Larval food: Quercus macrocarpa in our area
				Adult flight: One brood, late June, July
				References: Royer 51, Opler & Krizek 91, Scott 364
				Confirmed occurrences: 28 Jul 1995 swarming in north 
				ditch on blooms of Baby's Breath, S14 T158N R76W; also 
				common on 7 Jul 1986 in sandhills area in NW 1/4 S5 T158N 
				R76W; fairly common 13 Jul 1996 on transect CS002; again 
				abundant 13 Jul 1996 in north ditch east of bridge, S14 
				T158N R76W on Baby's Breath.

Banded Hairstreak		Satyrium calanus (Hübner), 1809
				Habitat: Oak woodlands
				Larval food: Quercus macrocarpa in ND, also Juglans, 
				Carya elsewhere
				Adult flight: One brood, late June, July
				References: Royer 51, Opler & Krizek 92, Scott 363
				Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded in 1995 or 1996 at 
				J. Clark Salyer NWR, but one female on record (vouchered 
				Royer) 7 Jul 1986 from sandhills area in NW 1/4 S5 T158N R76W.

Striped Hairstreak		Satyrium liparops (LeConte), 1833
				Habitat: Oak woodlands, wooded breaks or thickets that 
				include Amelanchier, Prunus, Crataegus; especially fond 
				of Melilotus alba, Gypsophila blooms
				Larval food: Rosaceae, incl. Prunus, Crataegus, 
				Amelanchier, etc.
				Adult flight: One brood, late June, July
				References: Royer 52, Opler & Krizek 94, Scott 362
				Confirmed occurrences: 28 July 1995 in NE 1/4 S6 T158N 
				R76W; 13 Jul 1996 on transect CS001.

Hoary Elfin			Incisalia polia (Cook & Watson), 1907
				Habitat: Only in bearberry stands, usually near aspens
				Larval food: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
				Adult flight: One brood, mid-May
				References: Royer 53, Ferris & Brown 250, Scott 370
				Confirmed occurrences: 14, 17 and 30 May 1995 in S12 
				T158N R76W.

Gray Hairstreak			Strymon melinus (Hübner), 1818
				Habitat: Brushy, weedy disturbed open areas; occasional
				Larval food: Widely varied, incl. Astragalus, Polygonum, 
				Malva
				Adult flight: Two or three broods, May, July, September
				References: Royer 54, Ferris & Brown 264, Scott 383
				Confirmed occurrences: 28 July 1995 in NE 1/4 S6 T158N 
				R76W.

Eastern Tailed Blue		Everes comyntas (Godart), 1824
				Habitat: Humid open areas with legumes in eastern ND
				Larval food: Many legumes, incl. Trifolium, Vicia, 
				Melilotus
				Adult flight: Three broods, May, July, September
				References: Royer 55, Opler & Krizek 114, Scott 395
				Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded in 1995 at J. Clark 
				Salyer NWR, but on record 13 May 1987 from woodland on 
				trail near entrance gate to tower/picnic area in S6 T158N 
				R76W (vouchered Royer); encountered again on 11 Jul 1996 
				at 750m on transect CS001. Farthest NW record in ND.

Western Tailed Blue		Everes amyntula (Boisduval), 1852
				Habitat: Humid, wooded areas with legumes, western ND
				Larval food: Many legumes, incl. Astragalus, Oxytropis, 
				Trifolium
				Adult flight: Two broods, June and August (usually a 
				smaller 2nd brood)
				References: Royer 55, Ferris & Brown 219, Scott 396
				Confirmed occurrences: 9 Jun 1995 in NW 1/4 S6 T158N R76W.

Spring Azure			Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus), 1758
				Habitat: Most often associated with Amelanchier blooms in 
				spring, Cornus in summer
				Larval food: Prunus in west; Cornus, Viburnum, etc. in 
				north and east. This is actually a complex of sibling 
				species the systematics of which are currently being 
				worked out. We probably have two species in ND, 
				differentiated by their larval hosts.
				Adult flight: The eastern taxon is bivoltine, flying in 
				May and again in July; the western taxon is univoltine, 
				flying only in May.
				References: Royer 56, Ferris & Brown 221, Opler & 
				Krizek 116, Scott 396
				Confirmed occurrences: 14, 17 and 30 May 1995 in S12 
				T158N R76W, but also second brood on 24 Jun 1987 (2 
				females vouchered Royer); one example 13 Jul 1996 in
				wooded section of transect CS002.

Silvery Blue			Glaucopsyche lygdamus (Doubleday), 1841
				Habitat: Open areas in or near woodlands
				Larval food: Legumes, incl. Lupinus, Astragalus, Hedysarum
				Adult flight: Widespread, late May through June, one 
				brood only
				References: Royer 56, Opler & Krizek 119, Scott 399
				Confirmed occurrences: 30 May 1995 in S12 T158N R76W.

Melissa Blue			Lycaeides melissa (Doubleday), 1841
				Habitat: Open prairies
				Larval food: Legumes, incl. Lupinus, Astragalus, 
				Oxytropis, Glycyrrhiza
				Adult flight: Two broods, June and August
				References: Royer 56, Ferris & Brown 202, Scott 407
				Confirmed occurrences:  Not recorded in 1995 or 1996 at 
				J. Clark Salyer NWR, but on record from McHenry and 
				surrounding counties, and therefore probable from in 
				June and August in prairie areas.

Saepiolus Blue			Plebejus saepiolus (Boisduval), 1852
				Habitat: Wooded clearings
				Larval food: Trifolium spp. exclusively
				Adult flight: One protracted brood, mid-June through July
				References: Royer 57, Ferris & Brown 204, Scott 408
				Confirmed occurrences:  Not recorded in 1995 or 1996 at 
				J. Clark Salyer NWR, and not on record for McHenry 
				County, but on record from both Ward and Bottineau 
				Counties, and therefore possible from in June and August 
				in low prairie areas near woods.