Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
Variegated Fritillary Euptoieta claudia (Cramer), 1775 Habitat: Southern migrant, often common in open prairies Larval food: A wide range of seemingly unrelated plant spp., incl. Viola, Portulaca, Desmodium, Menispermum Adult flight: Continuous breeder arriving in May, often abundant by fall References: Royer 62, Opler & Krizek 130, Scott 335 Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded in 1995 at J. Clark Salyer NWR, but one example 15 Aug 1996 on transect CS002. Great Spangled Fritillary Speyeria cybele (Fabricius), 1775 Habitat: Woodland margins, often nectaring Cirsium, Monarda or Liatris Larval food: Viola spp. (larva overwinters shortly after eclosure) Adult flight: Late June into early August References: Royer 63, Opler & Krizek 132, Scott 325 Confirmed occurrences: 28 Jul 1995 on transect and elsewhere in S6 T158N R77W. Aphrodite Fritillary Speyeria aphrodite (Fabricius), 1787 Habitat: Open meadows, nectars at Cirsium, Monarda, Liatris, males patrol continuously when not taking nectar or resting Larval food: Viola spp. (larva overwinters shortly after eclosure) Adult flight: Late June into early August, depending on location References: Royer 63, Opler & Krizek 133, Scott 324 Confirmed occurrences: 28 Jul 1995 on transect in S6 T158N R77W; 13 Jul 1996 on transect CS002. Callippe Fritillary Speyeria callippe (Boisduval), 1852 Habitat: Native prairies; nectars avidly at Medicago, Cirsium Larval food: Viola spp. (larva overwinters in 1st stage) Adult flight: Mid-June into July (earlier than most Speyeria spp.) References: Royer 64, Ferris & Brown 307, Scott 329 Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded in 1995 or 1996 at J. Clark Salyer NWR or on record from McHenry County, but on record from other counties westward, and therefore possible in prairie areas during June or July. Silver-bordered Fritillary Clossiana selene (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775 Habitat: Wet meadows, marshes, lake margins, often with woody growth (Salix, Cornus); males are incessant fliers Larval food: Viola spp. (larva overwinters in 2nd-4th stage) Adult flight: Two broods, May and July References: Royer 64, Ferris & Brown 307, Scott 329 Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded in 1995 or 1996 at J. Clark Salyer NWR, but on record from McHenry and surrounding counties; therefore possible in meadows and wetland areas during May or July. Meadow Fritillary Clossiana bellona (Fabricius), 1775 Habitat: Fresh meadows, usually those without much woody growth; males patrol during mid-day Larval food: Viola spp. (larva overwinters in 3rd or 4th stage) Adult flight: Two broods, May and July References: Royer 66, Opler & Krizek 138, Scott 320 Confirmed occurrences: 30 May 1995 in S12 T158N R76W. Gorgone Checkerspot Charidryas gorgone (Hübner), 1810 Habitat: Dry prairies, disturbed fields, roadsides; likes mud puddles Larval food: Helianthus spp. (larva overwinters in 3rd stage) Adult flight: Two broods, June and August References: Royer 66, Opler & Krizek 140, Scott 303 Confirmed occurrences: 30 May 1995 in vicinity of tower in NW 1/4 S6 T158N R76W; 11 Jun 1996 on transect CS001. Silvery Checkerspot Charidryas nycteis (Doubleday & Hewitson), 1847 Habitat: Humid wooded areas, woodland roadsides, riverbottom clearings, margins of woodland meadows; northern and eastern ND only Larval food: Asteraceae, incl. Helianthus, Aster, Rudbeckia (larvae overwinter in the 3rd stage) Adult flight: One brood, June into July References: Royer 67, Opler & Krizek 142, Scott 304 Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded in 1995 or 1996 at J. Clark Salyer NWR, but on record from Bottineau County; remotely possible in woodlands near river during June. Harris' Checkerspot Charidryas harrisii (Scudder), 1864 Habitat: Fens, wet meadows; northern and eastern ND only; extremely local and rare Larval food: Unknown in ND; Aster umbellatus throughout its eastern North American range (larvae overwinter in the 3rd or 4th stage) Adult flight: One brood, June References: Royer 67, Opler & Krizek 142, Scott 304 Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded in 1995 or 1996 at J. Clark Salyer NWR, but on record "Karlsruhe Fen" in McHenry County; thus quite possible in fens near river during early June. Pearl Crescent Phyciodes tharos (Drury), 1773 Habitat: Sunny places, roadsides, widespread Larval food: Aster spp. Adult flight: Multiple broods; May, June-July, August-September References: Royer 69, Opler & Krizek 145, Scott 311 Confirmed occurrences: 30 May, 9 Jun and 19 Jun 1995 on transect and in S5 and S6 T158N R76W and S36 T159N R77W11; 11 Jun 1996 on both transects, and intermittent thereafter on both transects. Northern Pearl Crescent Phyciodes pascoensis (Wright), 1905 Habitat: Moist woodland roadsides, often near water Larval food: Aster spp., probably A. simplex in ND Adult flight: One brood, June References: Royer 69, Opler & Krizek 147, Scott 309 Confirmed occurrences: 19 and 23 Jun and 28 Jul 1995 on transect CS001 and in S1 T158N R77W and S36 T159N R77W. Tawny Crescent Phyciodes batesii (Reakirt), 1865 Habitat: Woodland roadsides, usually near bluestem prairie; males patrol moist areas in search of mates; avidly nectars Apocynum; synchronous with Poanes hobomok, Pterourus canadensis, Epargyreus clarus, with which it frequently shares nectar sites; also avidly nectars Euphorbia poderae. (This was a FWS Category II species.) Larval food: Aster spp., probably A. simplex in ND Adult flight: One brood, usually emerges first week in June References: Royer 69, Opler & Krizek 147, Scott 309 Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded in 1995 or 1996 at J. Clark Salyer NWR, but on record 11 Jun 1991 (FWS Survey, vouchered Royer) from SE 1/4 S36 T159N R77W; also on record from Mouse River State Forest, just SE of J. Clark Salyer NWR. Comma Polygonia comma (Harris), 1842 Habitat: Shady woodlands, sunlit patches late afternoon; adults drink running sap and juices of rotting fruit Larval food: Urtica spp., possibly also Ulmus Adult flight: Overwinters as adult, appearing April-May to produce a dark-winged summer form by late June. These in turn produce a second, light-winged, overwintering brood in August. References: Royer 71, Opler & Krizek 151, Scott 284 Confirmed occurrences: 28 Jul 1995 on Canada Thistle at Johnson Bridge. Gray Comma Polygonia progne (Cramer), 1776 Habitat: Deciduous woodlands, sunlit patches late afternoon; adults drink running sap and juices of rotting fruit Larval food: Ribes spp. Adult flight: Overwinters as adult, appearing April-May to produce a dark-winged summer form by late June. These in turn produce a second, light-winged, overwintering brood in August. References: Royer 73, Opler & Krizek 154, Scott 287 Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded in 1995 or 1996 at J. Clark Salyer NWR, but on record from Ward and Bottineau Counties, and likely anywhere that Ribes are found. Compton Tortoise Shell Nymphalis vau-album (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775 Habitat: Mature forests; adults drink sap and rotting fruit juices Larval food: Populus, Betula, Salix spp. Adult flight: Overwinters as adult, appearing April-May to produce a single annual brood by early July. The species is episodic and somewhat migratory, being rare for several years, then suddenly common. References: Royer 74, Opler & Krizek 155, Scott 290 Confirmed occurrences: Not recorded in 1995 or 1996 at J. Clark Salyer NWR, but on record from McHenry, Ward and Bottineau Counties, and likely to appear in the fall of any year of abundance. Mourning Cloak Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus), 1758 Habitat: Riparian forests; adults drink Quercus sap and fermenting fruit juices, and occasionally the nectar of such flowers as Asclepias, Apocynum, etc. Larval food: Salix spp. primarily, but also Populus, Betula, Ulmus Adult flight: Overwinters as adult, appearing April-May to produce a single annual brood by early July. Partially southward migratory; adults live nearly a year References: Royer 74, Opler & Krizek 156, Scott 291 Confirmed occurrences: 30 May 1995 in woods NW 1/4 S6 T158N R76W; one example 15 Aug 1996 on transect CS002. Milbert's Tortoise Shell Aglais milberti (Godart), 1819 Habitat: Widespread across the state in autumn Larval food: Urtica and Salix spp. also possibly Helianthus Adult flight: Confused; one to four broods reported; probably two in ND References: Royer 75, Opler & Krizek 157, Scott 289 Confirmed occurrences: 19 Jun and 9 Aug 1995 in S6 T158N R76W. Painted Lady Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus), 1758 Habitat: Open prairies, roadsides and meadows Larval food: Cirsium primarily; also Helianthus, many other composites Adult flight: Frequent spring immigrant; does not survive winter References: Royer 76, Opler & Krizek 159, Scott 289 Confirmed occurrences: 19 Jun and 28 Jul 1995 in S6 T158N R76W and 9 Aug 1995 at Willow Bridge in S19 T159N R76W. Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus), 1758 Habitat: Sunlit patches in woodland clearings near nettles Larval food: Urtica Adult flight: Regular spring immigrant; does not survive winter References: Royer 76, Opler & Krizek 160, Scott 280 Confirmed occurrences: 23 Jun 1995 SW 1/4 S1 T158N R77W. White Admiral Basilarchia arthemis arthemis (Drury), 1773 Habitat: Woodland margins, often at Monarda or Apocynum blooms, also partial to animal droppings, rotten fruit and garbage Larval food: Varied, mostly Populus; also Crataegus, Tilia, Amelanchier Adult flight: One brood, late June through July References: Royer 77, Opler & Krizek 166, Scott 260 Confirmed occurrences: 19 Jun, 23 Jun and 28 Jul 1995 throughout S1 T159N R77W, S6 T159N R76W and S1 T158N R77W; present but uncommon 20 Jun, 13 Jul, 6 Aug 1996 on both transects. Viceroy Basilarchia archippus (Cramer), 1776 Habitat: In or near wet meadows with willows Larval food: Salix, possibly sometimes Populus Adult flight: Double-brooded, appearing in early June and early August References: Royer 78, Opler & Krizek 167, Scott 259 Confirmed occurrences: 19 Jun, 23 Jun, 28 Jul and 9 Aug 1995 throughout S1 T159N R77W, S6 T159N R76W and S1 T158N R77W; 20 Jun & 13 Jul 1996 on transect CS001; 6 Aug 1996 on transect CS002.
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