Riparian Ecosystem Creation and Restoration:
A Literature Summary
Tables
Table 1. Percentage of the 92 riparian ecosystem creation/restoration records in the WCR Data Base containing keywords. Records may contain multiple keywords in each field. (See text for further description of fields.)
| Field | Keyword | Percent |
| USFWS.REGION | 1 (West Coast to Idaho) | 35.9 |
| 4 (Southeast) | 25.0 | |
| 2 (Southcentral) | 20.7 | |
| 6 (Great Plains to Utah) | 20.7 | |
| 3 (Midwest) | 17.4 | |
| 5 (Northeast) | 6.5 | |
| Many (applicable to all regions) | 5.4 | |
| 7 (Alaska) | 2.2 | |
| STUDY.TYPE | Technique | 45.7 |
| Case | 40.2 | |
| Overview | 33.7 | |
| Comparative | 29.9 | |
| Program (or plan) | 20.7 | |
| OBJECTIVE | General | 54.3 |
| Habitat (fish or wildlife) | 35.9 | |
| Hydro (includes flood control) | 20.6 | |
| Experiment (lab or field) | 16.3 | |
| Erosion | 13.0 | |
| Incidental | 12.0 | |
| Wquality (water quality) | 8.7 | |
| ACTION | Plant | 54.3 |
| Lform (landforming) | 47.8 | |
| Seed | 32.6 | |
| Stabil (bank stabilizing) | 28.3 | |
| Hydro (altering flow) | 28.3 | |
| Soil (treating or adding) | 25.0 | |
| Spoil (using spoil materials) | 17.4 | |
| Contam (contaminated soil/water) | 15.2 | |
| Fert (fertilizing) | 15.2 | |
| Cut (mowing or clearing) | 12.0 | |
| Stock (stocking fish or beavers) | 8.7 | |
| Fire (burning) | 2.2 | |
| Biocide (herbicides/pesticides) | 2.2 | |
| WET.TYPE | PO-FO (palustrine forested) | 69.6 |
| PO-SS (palustrine scrub-shrub) | 64.1 | |
| R (river subsystem not stated) | 47.8 | |
| PO-EM, R-EM2 (emergent) | 46.7 | |
| R2 (lower perennial river) | 34.8 | |
| UB, US, SB (unvegetated surfaces) | 21.7 | |
| R3 (upper perennial river) | 14.1 | |
| R4 (intermittent stream) | 10.9 | |
| PO-AB, R-AB, (aquatic beds) | 8.7 | |
| Rl (tidal river) | 4.3 | |
| RESPONSE | Vegetation | 66.3 |
| Hydro (hydrologic flow) | 23.9 | |
| Success | 22.8 | |
| Econ (economics, costs) | 21.7 | |
| Fish | 21.7 | |
| Ngbirds (nongame birds) | 16.3 | |
| Wqual (water quality) | 15.2 | |
| Soil (soil properties) | 15.2 | |
| Wfowl (waterfowl) | 14.1 | |
| Invert (aquatic invertebrates) | 14.1 | |
| Mammals | 14.1 | |
| Chem (soil or water chemistry) | 13.0 | |
| Shoreb (shorebirds) | 12.0 | |
| Rept (reptiles) | 6.5 | |
| Amphib (amphibians) | 4.3 | |
| Huse (human use, recreation) | 3.3 |
