Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
Arnold, T. W., and K. F. Higgins. 1986. Effects of shrub coverage on birds on
North Dakota mixed-grass prairies. Can. Field-Nat. 100:10-14.
Berkey, G., R. Crawford, S. Galipeau, D. Johnson, D. Lambeth, and R. Kreil.
1993. A review of wildlife management practices in North Dakota:
effects on nongame bird populations and habitats. Report submitted to
Region 6, U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Denver, CO.
Best, L. B., K. E. Freemark, J. J. Dinsmore, and M. Camp. 1995. A review and
synthesis of habitat use by breeding birds in agricultural landscapes of
Iowa. Am. Midl. Nat. 134:1-29.
Blankespoor, G. W. 1980. Prairie restoration: effects on nongame birds. J.
Wildl. Manage. 44:667-672.
Bollinger, E. K., P. B. Bollinger, and T. A. Gavin. 1990. Effects of hay-
cropping on eastern populations of bobolink. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 18:142-150.
Bragg, T. B., and A. A. Steuter. 1995. Mixed prairie of the North American
Great Plains. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 60:335-348.
Brown, M., and J. J. Dinsmore. 1986. Implications of marsh size and isolation
for marsh bird management. J. Wildl. Manage. 50:392-397.
Burger, L. D., L. W. Burger, and J. Faaborg. 1994. Effects of prairie
fragmentation on predation on artificial nests. J. Wildl. Manage. 58:
249-254.
Cable, T. T., R. L. Schroeder, V. Brack, Jr., and P. S. Cook. 1992. Summer
bird use of Kansas windbreaks. Prairie Nat. 24:175-184.
Dahl, T. E. 1990. Wetlands losses in the United States 1780's to 1980's.
U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Washington, D.C. 21pp.
Dale, B. C. 1984. Birds in grazed and ungrazed grassland in Saskatchewan.
Blue Jay 42:102-105.
Delphey, P. J., and J. J. Dinsmore. 1993. Breeding bird communities of
recently restored and natural prairie potholes. Wetlands 13:200-206.
Dinsmore, J. J. 1994. A country so full of game: the story of wildlife in
Iowa. Univ. Iowa Press, Iowa City. 249pp.
Droege, S., and J. Sauer. 1994. Are more North American species decreasing
than increasing? Pages 297-306 in (E. J. M. Hagemeijer and T. J.
Verstrael, eds.) Bird Numbers 1992. Distribution, monitoring and ecological
aspects. Proc. 12th International Conference of IBCC and EOAC,
Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, Statistics Netherlands, Voorburg/Heerlen
and SOVON, Beek-Ubbergen.
Duebbert, H. F. 1981. Breeding birds on waterfowl production areas in
northeastern North Dakota. Prairie Nat. 13:19-22.
England, R. E., and A. DeVos. 1969. Influence of animals on pristine
conditions on the Canadian grasslands. J. Range. Manage. 22:87-94.
Fleischner, T. L. 1994. Ecological costs of livestock grazing in western
North America. Conserv. Biol. 59:629-644.
Frawley, B. J., and L. B. Best. 1991. Effects of mowing on breeding bird
abundance and species composition in alfalfa fields. Wildl. Soc. Bull.
19:135-142.
Fredrickson, L. H., and F. A. Reid. 1986. Wetland and riparian habitats: a
nongame management overview. Pages 59-96 in J. B. Hale, L. B. Best, and
R. L. Clawson. eds. Management of nongame wildlife in the Midwest: a
developing art. North Cent. Sec. Wildl. Soc., Chelsea, MI.
Galatowitsch, S. M., and A. G. van der Valk. 1994. Restoring prairie wetlands:
an ecological approach. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames. 246pp.
Gauthreaux, S. A., Jr. 1992. Preliminary lists of migrants for Partners In
Flight neotropical migratory bird conservation program. Partners In
Flight 2(1):30.
Greenwood, R. J., A. B. Sargeant, D. H. Johnson, L. M. Cowardin, and T. L.
Shaffer. 1995. Factors associated with duck nest success in the
Prairie Pothole Region of Canada. Wildl. Monogr. 128. 57pp.
Halvorsen, H. H., and R. K. Anderson. 1980. Evaluation of grassland management
for wildlife in central Wisconsin. Proc. North Am. Prairie Conf. 7:267-279.
Herkert, J. R. 1994a. The effects of habitat fragmentation on midwestern
grassland bird communities. Ecol. Appl. 4:461-471.
Herkert, J. R. 1994b. Breeding bird communities of midwestern prairie fragments:
the effects of prescribed burning and habitat-area. Nat. Areas J. 14:128-135.
Higgins, K. F., T. W. Arnold, and R. M. Barta. 1984. Breeding bird community
colonization of sown stands of native grasses in North Dakota. Prairie
Nat. 16:177-182.
Huber, G. E., and A. A. Steuter. 1984. Vegetation profile and grassland bird
response to spring burning. Prairie Nat. 16:55-61.
Hunter, W. C., M. F. Carter, D. N. Pashley, and K. Barker. 1993. The partners
in flight species prioritization scheme. Pages 109-119 in D. M. Finch
and P. W. Stangel, eds. Status and management of neotropical migratory
birds. U.S. For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-229. Rocky Mountain For. and Range
Exp. Sta., Ft. Collins, CO.
Igl, L. D., and D. H. Johnson. 1995a. Dramatic increase of LeConte's sparrow
in Conservation Reserve Program fields in the northern Great Plains.
Prairie Nat. 27:89-94.
Igl, L. D., and D. H. Johnson. 1995b. Migratory bird population changes in
North Dakota. Pages 298-300 in E. T. LaRoe, G. S. Farris, C. E. Puckett,
P. D. Doran and M. J. Mac, eds. Our living resources: a report to the
nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals,
and ecosystems. Natl. Biol. Serv., Washington, D.C. 530pp.
Igl, L. D., and D. H. Johnson. Population estimates of breeding birds in North
Dakota.
Johnsgard, P. A. 1979. Birds of the Great Plains. Univ. of Nebraska Press,
Lincoln. 539pp.
Johnson, D. H., S. D. Haseltine, and L. M. Cowardin. 1994a. Wildlife habitat
management on the northern prairie landscape. Landsc. Urban Plan. 28:5-21.
Johnson, D. H., R. L. Kreil, G. B. Berkey, R. D. Crawford, D. O. Lambeth, and
S. F. Galipeau. 1994b. Influences of waterfowl management on nongame
birds: the North Dakota experience. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour.
Conf. 59:293-302.
Johnson, D. H., and M. D. Schwartz. 1993. The Conservation Reserve Program:
habitat for grassland birds. Conserv. Biol. 7:934-937.
Johnson, R. G., and S. A. Temple. 1986. Assessing habitat quality for birds
nesting in fragmented tallgrass prairies. Pages 245-249 in J. Verner, M.
L. Morrison, and C. J. Ralph, eds. Wildlife 2000: modeling habitat
relationships of terrestrial vertebrates. Univ. of Wisconsin Press,
Madison.
Johnson, R. G., and S. A. Temple. 1990. Nest predation and brood parasitism
on tallgrass prairie birds. J. Wildl. Manage. 54:106-111.
Kadlec, J. A., and L. M. Smith. 1992. Habitat management for breeding areas.
Pages 590-610 in B. D. J. Batt, A. D. Afton, M. G. Anderson, C. D. Ankney,
D. H. Johnson, J. A. Kadlec, and G. L. Krapu, eds. Ecology and management
of breeding waterfowl. Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
Kahl, R. B., T. S. Baskett, J. A. Ellis, and J. N. Burroughs. 1985.
Characteristics of summer habitats of selected nongame birds in Missouri.
Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, Res. Bull. 1056. College of Agriculture, Agric.
Exper. Sta. 155pp.
Kaminski, R. M., and H. H. Prince. 1981. Dabbling duck and aquatic
macroinvertebrate responses to manipulated wetland habitat. J. Wildl.
Manage. 45:1-15.
Kantrud, H. A. 1981. Grazing intensity effects on the breeding avifauna of
North Dakota native grasslands. Can. Field-Nat. 95:404-417.
Kantrud, H. A. 1992. History of cattails on the prairies: wildlife impacts.
Pages 9-12 in G. M. Linz, ed. Proc. Cattail Manage. Symp. Fargo, N.D.
Kantrud, H. A., and R. L. Kologiski. 1982. Effects of soils and grazing on
breeding birds of uncultivated upland grasslands of the northern Great
Plains. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Wildl. Res. Rep. 15. Washington, D.C.
33pp.
Kantrud, H. A., and R. L. Kologiski. 1983. Avian associations of the northern
Great Plains grasslands. J. Biogeogr. 10:331-350.
Keystone Center. 1991. Final consensus report of the Keystone policy dialogue
on biological diversity on federal lands. The Keystone Center, Keystone,
CO. 96pp.
Kirby, R. E., J. K. Ringelman, D. R. Anderson, and R. S. Sojda. 1992. Grazing
on national wildlife refuges: do the needs outweigh the problems? Trans.
North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 57:611-626.
Klett, A. T., T. L. Shaffer, and D. H. Johnson. 1988. Duck nest success in the
Prairie Pothole Region. J. Wildl. Manage. 52:431-440.
Knopf, F. L. 1988. Conservation of steppe birds in North America. Pages 27-41
in P. D. Goriup, ed. Ecology and conservation of grassland birds.
Internat. Council Bird Preserv. Tech. Publ. 7. Norfolk, England.
Knopf, F. L. 1992. Faunal mixing, faunal integrity, and the biopolitical
template for diversity conservation. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour.
Conf. 57:330-342.
Knopf, F. L. 1994. Avian assemblages on altered grasslands. Stud. Avian
Biol. 15:247-257.
Knopf, F. L. 1996a. Perspectives on grazing nongame bird habitats. Pages
51-58 in P.R. Krausman, ed. Rangeland Wildlife, Society for Range
Management. Denver, CO.
Knopf, F. L. 1996b. Prairie legacies--birds. Pages 135-148 in F. B.
Samson and F. L. Knopf, eds. Prairie conservation: preserving North
America's most endangered ecosystem. Island Press, Covelo, CA.
Knopf, F. L., and F. B. Samson. 1994. Scale perspectives on avian diversity
in western riparian ecosystems. Conserv. Biol. 8:669-676.
Kruse, A. D., and J. L. Piehl. 1986. The impacts of prescribed burning on
ground-nesting birds. Proc. North Am. Prairie Conf. 9: 153-156.
Lesica, P., and F. W. Allendorf. 1995. When are peripheral populations
valuable for conservation? Conserv. Biol. 9:753-760.
Lingle, G. R., and P. A. Bedell. 1989. Nesting ecology of sedge wrens in
Hall County, Nebraska. Nebr. Bird Rev. 57:47-49.
Linz, G. M., D. L. Bergman, and W. J. Bleier. 1992. Evaluating Rodeo
herbicide for managing cattail-choked marshes: objectives and methods.
Pages 21-27 in G. M. Linz, ed. Proc. Cattail Manage. Symp. Fargo, N.D.
Maher, W. J. 1973. Birds: I. population dynamics. Canadian Committee for
the International Biological Programme, Matador Project, Tech. Rep. No.
34. Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon. 56pp.
McNaughton, S. J. 1993. Grasses and grazers, science and management. Ecol.
Appl. 3:17-20.
McNicholl, M. K. 1988. Ecological and human influences on Canadian
populations of grasslands. Pages 1-25 in P. D. Goriup, ed. Ecology and
conservation of grassland birds. Internat. Council Bird Preserv. Tech.
Pub. 7. Norfolk, England.
Murkin, H. R. 1989. The basis for food chains in prairie wetlands. Pages
316-338 in A. van der Valk, ed. Northern prairie wetlands. Iowa State
Univ. Press, Ames.
Noss, R. F., E. T. LaRoe III, and J. M. Scott. 1995. Endangered ecosystems of
the United States: a preliminary assessment of loss and degradation.
Biol. Rep. 28. Natl. Biol. Serv., Washington, D.C. 58pp.
Owens, R. A., and M. T. Myres. 1973. Effects of agriculture upon populations
of native passerine birds of an Alberta fescue grassland. Can. J. Zool.
51:697-713.
Peden, D. G., G. M. Van Dyne, R. W. Rice, and R. M. Hanson. 1974. The trophic
ecology of Bison bison L. on shortgrass plains. J. Appl. Ecol. 11:489-497.
Prescott, D. R. C., and D. M. Collister. 1993. Characteristics of occupied
and unoccupied loggerhead shrike territories in southeastern Alberta. J.
Wildl. Manage. 57:346-352.
Pulliam, H. R. 1988. Sources, sinks and population regulation. Am. Nat.
132:652-661.
Pylypec, B. 1991. Impacts of fire on bird populations in a fescue prairie.
Can. Field-Nat. 105:346-349.
Reid, F. A., K. R. Kelley, Jr., T. S. Taylor, and L. H. Fredrickson. 1989.
Upper Mississippi valley wetlands--refuges and moist-soil impoundments.
Pages 181-202 in L. M. Smith, R. L. Pederson, and R. M. Kaminski, eds.
Habitat management for migrating and wintering waterfowl in North America.
Texas Tech. Univ. Press, Lubbock.
Renken, R. B., and J. J. Dinsmore. 1987. Nongame bird communities on managed
grasslands in North Dakota. Can. Field-Nat. 101:551-557.
Risser, P. G., E. C. Birney, H. D. Blocker, S. W. May, W. J. Parton, and J. A.
Wiens. 1978. The true prairie ecosystem. U. S./Int. Biol. Prog.
Synthesis Series 16. Hutchinson Ross Publishing Co., Stroudsburg, PA.
557pp.
Rodenhouse, N. L., and L. B. Best. 1983. Breeding ecology of vesper sparrows
in corn and soybean fields. Am. Midl. Nat. 110:265-275.
Samson, F., and Knopf, F. 1994. Prairie conservation in North America.
BioScience 44:418-421.
Schwartz, C. C., and J. E. Ellis. 1981. Feeding ecology and niche separation
in some native and domestic ungulates on the shortgrass prairie. J. Appl.
Ecol. 18:343-353.
Stewart, R. E. 1975. Breeding birds of North Dakota. Tri-College Center
for Environmental Studies, Fargo, N.D. 295pp.
Stewart, R. E., and H. A. Kantrud. 1971. Classification of natural ponds and
lakes in the glaciated prairie region. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Resour.
Publ. 92. Bureau of Sport Fish. Wildl., Washington, D.C. 57pp.
Stewart, R. E., and H. A. Kantrud. 1972. Population estimates of breeding
birds in North Dakota. Auk 89:766-788.
Tester, J. R., and W. M. Marshall. 1961. A study of certain plant and animal
interrelations on a native prairie in northwestern Minnesota. Minn. Mus.
Nat. Hist. Occas. Papers 8:1-51.
Thompson, J. R. 1992. Prairies, forests, and wetlands. Univ. of Iowa Press,
Iowa City. 139pp.
Volkert, W. K. 1992. Response of grassland birds to a large-scale prairie
planting project. Passenger Pigeon 54:191-196.
Weller, M. W., and C. E. Spatcher. 1965. Role of habitat in the distribution
and abundance of marsh birds. Iowa State University, Agric. Home Econ.
Exp. Sta., Spec. Rep. 43., Ames. 31pp.
Weller, M. W. 1978. Management of freshwater marshes for wildlife. Page
267-284 in R. E. Good, D. F. Whigham, R. L. Simpson, eds. Freshwater
wetlands: ecological processes and management potential. Academic Press,
New York, N.Y.
Whitmore, R. C. 1981. Structural characteristics of grasshopper sparrow
habitat. J. Wildl. Manage. 45:811-814.