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Terrestrial Ecosystem

Larson, D.L. and W.E. Newton.  1996.  Effects of fire suppressant foam on 
     vegetation in North Dakota prairie.  Pages 123-127 In Proceedings 
     International Wildland Fire Foam Symposium and Workshop (compiled 
     by G.S. Ramsey), Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, May 3-5, 1994.  
     Published by Natural Resources Canada, Petawawa National Forestry 
     Institute, Information Report PI-X-123.

Larson, D.L. and W.E. Newton.  1996.  Effects of fire retardant chemicals 
     and fire suppressant foam on North Dakota prairie vegetation.  
     Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science 50: 137-144.

Larson, D.L., W.E. Newton, P.J. Anderson, and S.J. Stein. Submitted.  
     Effects of fire retardant chemical and fire suppressant foam on 
     shrub steppe vegetation in northern Nevada.  Submitted to journal 
     review 10/10/97 - NOT YET AVAILABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION.

Vyas, N.B., and E.F. Hill.  1996.  Toxicity of fire retardant chemicals and 
     fire suppressant foams to vertebrate and invertebrate wildlife species.  
     Pages 128-131 In Proceedings International Wildland Fire Foam Symposium 
     and Workshop (compiled by G.S. Ramsey), Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, 
     May 3-5, 1994.  Published by Natural Resources Canada, Petawawa National 
     Forestry Institute, Information Report PI-X- 123.

Vyas, N.B., J.W. Spann, and E.F. Hill.  1996.  Effects of Silv-Ex on terrestrial 
     wildlife.  Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science 50: 150-151.

Aquatic - Laboratory.

Hamilton, S.J., S.F. McDonald, M.P. Gaikowski, and K.J. Buhl.  1996.  Toxicity
     of fire retardant chemicals to aquatic organisms: Progress report.  
     Pages 132-144 In Proceedings International Wildland Fire Foam Symposium 
     and Workshop (compiled by G.S. Ramsey), Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, 
     May 3-5, 1994.  Published by Natural Resources Canada, Petawawa National 
     Forestry Institute, Information Report PI-X- 123.

McDonald, S.F., S.J. Hamilton, K.J. Buhl, and J.F. Heisinger.  1996.  Acute
     toxicity of fire control chemicals to Daphnia magna (Straus) and
     Selenastrum capricornutum (Printz).  Ecotoxicology and Environmental 
     Safety 32:62-72.

Gaikowski, M.P., S.J. Hamilton, K.J. Buhl, S.F. McDonald, and C.H. Summers.  
     1996.  The acute toxicity of three fire- retardant and two fire-
     suppressant foam formulations to the early life stages of rainbow
     trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 
     15:1365-1374.

Gaikowski, M.P., S.J. Hamilton, K.J. Buhl, S.F. McDonald, and C.H. Summers.  
     1996.  Acute toxicity of firefighting chemical formulations to four 
     life stages of fathead minnow.  Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 
     34:252-263.  

McDonald, S.F., S.J. Hamilton, K.J. Buhl, and J.F. Heisinger.  1997.  Acute
     toxicity of fire-retardant and foam-suppressant chemicals to Hyalella
     azteca (Saussure).  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16:1370-1376.

Buhl, K.J., and S.J. Hamilton.  1997.  Acute toxicity of fire-retardant and foam-
     suppressant chemicals to early life stages of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus 
     tshawytscha).  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.  (In press 9/15/97).

Buhl, K.J., and S.J. Hamilton.  1997.  Acute toxicity of fire-retardant, foam-
     suppressant, and nitrogenous chemicals, and surfactants to rainbow trout 
     (Oncorhynchus mykiss).  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.  
     (In in-house review 3/31/97).

Aquatic Ecosystem -- Field.

Finger, S.E.  1996.  Environmental implications of fire-fighting chemicals:  
     A summary of current research by the National Biological Survey.  
     Pages 119-122 In Proceedings International Wildland Fire Foam 
     Symposium and Workshop (compiled by G.S. Ramsey), Thunder Bay, 
     Ontario, Canada, May 3-5, 1994.  Published by Natural Resources 
     Canada, Petawawa National Forestry Institute, Information Report 
     PI-X-123.

Poulton, B.C. and S.E. Finger.  1996.  Effects of fire retardant foams on a 
     prairie wetland ecosystem -- A study of the North Dakota prairie 
     wetland community.  Pages 145-151 In Proceedings International 
     Wildland Fire Foam Symposium and Workshop (compiled by G.S. Ramsey), 
     Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, May 3-5, 1994.  Published by Natural 
     Resources Canada, Petawawa National Forestry Institute, Information 
     Report PI-X-123.

Poulton, B.C.  1996.  Effects of two fire suppressant foams on benthic 
     invertebrates colonizing artificial substrates in portable 
     limnocorrals.  Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of 
     Science 50: 145-149.