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Backfire 134, 165, 167, 168
    downhill 72
    temperature of 5, 71
Bibliography 11, 27, 45, 46, 55, 58, 81, 87, 99, 102, 107, 108, 109, 114A, 125, 132, 150, 182, 199, 201, 202
Biennial burning 43, 112, 167, 168
Burning and fertilizing 3, 40, 114A, 141, 198
Burning and grazing 20, 32, 39, 42, 55, 67, 69, 73, 81, 91, 99, 102, 104, 106, 114, 114A, 118, 133, 135, 136, 141, 162, 172, 195, 198
Burning and irrigation 40
Burning and mowing 7, 21, 47, 55, 56, 58, 67, 90, 91, 92, 102, 114, 114A, 141, 152, 172, 184
Burning plan 52, 156
Burning season 33, 50, 55, 65, 110, 125, 129, 151, 156, 169
Burning techniques 13, 17, 45, 50, 51, 52, 70, 72, 93, 114A
Burning weather 13, 17, 45, 50, 52, 65, 72, 110, 151, 156, 169, 200

Conditions for burning 1, 17, 30, 45, 50, 52, 61, 65, 94, 110, 151, 152, 154, 169, 196
Costs of prescribed burns 23, 45, 50, 121, 142
Crown fire 31
Control of:
    aspen 4, 10, 13, 15, 18, 23, 35, 68, 120, 167, 168, 172, 201, 202
    grasses 61, 69, 70, 72, 103, 108, 114A, 116, 127, 133, 134, 137, 158, 167, 201, 202, 204
    juniper 142
    mesquite 145
    oak 95, 192, 201, 202
    phragmites 175, 176, 184, 185
    sweetclover 83
    pine 31, 70, 71, 72, 108, 116, 119, 154, 156, 202
    shrubs 1, 6, 7, 12, 13, 20, 31, 34, 59, 89, 94, 114A, 121, 122, 133, 137, 142, 145, 163, 165, 177, 192, 196, 201, 202
    whitetop 47, 128, 160, 161, 185

Drought, burning during 14, 39, 61, 65, 128

Economics of burning 45
Equipment 1, 156

Firebreak construction 51, 77, 93, 114A, 140, 156
Fire behavior 33, 94, 107, 199, 201
Fire bloopers 84
Fire effects on:
    animals
      amphibians 102
      birds
        gamebirds 23, 62, 75, 103, 104, 106, 108, 111, 129, 155, 167, 172, 178, 191, 197
        nongame birds 9, 24, 25, 30, 62, 64, 81, 91, 98, 105, 108, 111, 129, 130, 145, 171, 172
        waterfowl 22, 26, 38, 47, 62, 66, 67, 97, 99, 102, 104, 106, 108, 111, 115, 123, 128, 150, 153, 159, 172, 178, 184, 185, 203
      fish 102
      invertebrates
        aquatic 47
        terrestrial 37, 45, 64, 81, 126, 146, 147, 171, 172
      mammals
        big game 11, 23, 64, 81, 103, 108, 129, 154, 164, 173, 183, 197
        nongame 30, 62, 64, 66, 100, 122, 150, 154, 157, 170, 171, 172, 173, 180
        small game 23, 75, 101, 108
      reptiles 62, 102
      wildlife, general 77, 107, 202
    beef production 114A, 135, 162, 198
    climate 139
    forest disease 45
    man 28, 125, 129, 173
    soil
      general 102, 108
      moisture 8, 17, 55, 58, 82, 92, 96, 109, 114, 114A, 127, 132, 135, 144, 146, 152, 154, 162, 186, 195, 199
      nutrients 4, 44, 47, 55, 58, 81, 92, 109, 114A, 131, 132, 135, 136, 154, 162, 175, 182, 193, 194, 197, 199
      pH 45, 81, 109, 114A, 132, 136, 146, 154, 182
      structure 58, 81, 136
      temperature 8, 55, 56, 58, 74, 82, 92, 96, 109, 135, 138, 146, 160, 162, 170, 175, 186, 202
    vegetation
      cactus 32, 164
      general 10, 45, 91, 107
      forbs 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 18, 21, 23, 27, 30, 32, 41, 42, 43, 49, 53, 58, 59, 75, 76, 82, 83, 88, 94, 103, 108, 112, 113, 114A, 135, 165, 172, 175, 177,
            181, 201, 202
      grasses and sedges 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 49, 53, 58, 59, 60, 61, 69, 71, 72, 73, 78, 79, 80, 82, 88,             90, 92, 94, 96, 103, 106, 108, 109, 112, 113, 114, 114A, 118, 127, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 149, 152, 154, 158, 160,             161, 162, 163, 167, 168, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177, 181, 184, 185, 186, 192, 195, 197, 198, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206
      grass seed stalks 2, 4, 44, 55, 56, 57, 58, 80, 132, 158, 176, 204
      grass nutrient content 3, 4, 114A, 118, 131, 141, 161, 162, 175, 176, 179, 182, 198
      leaf water potential 144
      lichens 8
      litter 2, 30, 32, 49, 58, 64, 80, 123, 160, 170, 172, 181, 186
      mosses 8
      mulch 48, 74, 134, 186, 199
      osmotic potential 144
      photosynthesis 88, 138
      shrubs 5, 6, 7, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 23, 27, 30, 31, 32, 34, 53, 75, 76, 86, 89, 94, 103, 106, 108, 112, 114A, 135, 149, 163, 165, 172, 177, 181, 192,             196, 201, 202, 205
      trees 12, 17, 18, 23, 27, 30, 31, 35, 46, 59, 63, 71, 72, 77, 86, 94, 95, 108, 137, 148, 149, 154, 167, 168, 172, 192, 202
      wetland vegetation 47, 99, 102, 117, 124, 150, 153, 159, 160, 161, 172, 175, 176, 184, 185, 203
    water
      chemistry 47, 102
      levels (wetlands) 47
      table 156
      temperature 47, 160
Fire index 156, 169
Fire legislation 129, 139
Fire management plan 156
Fire organization 156
Fire physical principles 45, 107
Fire policy 29, 119, 121, 156
Fire prescriptions 13, 17, 72, 142, 148, 156, 201, 202
Fire prevention 38, 114A, 148, 156, 173
Fire scars, Landsat mapping of 140
Fire suppression
    effect of 15, 16, 27, 29, 35, 36, 70, 71, 72, 74, 104, 120, 125, 156, 182, 186
    techniques 10, 28, 140, 156, 173, 182
Fire temperatures 5, 17, 71, 72, 176, 194, 199
Fire training 156, 200
Fire weather forecasts 50, 156, 169
Forest clearing 46, 71
Forest fire 9, 23, 24, 30, 31, 45, 46, 71, 81, 101, 108, 117, 130, 140, 148, 156, 183, 197, 202
Forest invasion 10, 11, 12, 15, 26, 27, 35, 36, 63, 68, 70, 71, 72, 77, 95, 120, 125, 137, 154, 156, 167, 168, 172, 177, 192, 194, 201
Fuel loads 17, 33, 72, 148, 152, 154, 156, 192
Fuel moisture 33, 65, 110, 169, 199

Grassland fires, characteristics of 74, 182
Grasslands, fire origin of 46, 86, 87, 139, 174, 182, 187, 188, 189, 190
Grasslands, fire maintenance of 10, 16, 26, 27, 32, 35, 36, 55, 63, 71, 72, 76, 86, 87, 104, 120, 125, 139, 149, 156, 172, 174, 182, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190

Habitat type
    aspen forest 23, 26, 35, 36, 120
    aspen parkland 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 18, 19, 26, 27, 35, 67, 68, 117, 120, 167, 168
    boreal forest 117
    cordilleran forest 117
    fescue grassland 13, 18, 19, 26, 27, 201
    lowland meadow 7
    mixed grass prairie 14, 18, 20, 27, 40, 41, 60, 61, 64, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 82, 84, 85, 91, 103, 106, 111, 114, 116, 125, 139, 144, 149, 152, 154, 195, 196,             199, 201
    northern forest 117
    oak savanna 12, 94, 95, 137, 170, 192
    pine forest 30, 31, 77, 116, 148, 156, 157, 194
    pine savanna 30, 31, 70, 71, 72, 77, 85, 116, 119, 148, 154, 156
    sedge meadow 20
    shortgrass prairie 27, 39, 48, 59, 68, 113, 114, 114A, 125, 139, 201
    shrub grassland 25, 63, 147, 181
    tallgrass prairie 2, 3, 5, 18, 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, 33, 37, 43, 44, 49, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 68, 73, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95, 96, 100, 109,             112, 114A, 116, 125, 126, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 14l, 146, 158, 162, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 177, 179, 180, 181, 191, 198, 201
    timbered river breaks 59
    wetland 22, 38, 47, 51, 81, 87, 91, 99, 102, 117, 124, 128, 150, 153, 159, 160, 161, 172, 175, 176, 184, 185, 201, 203
Headfire 5, 19, 71, 134, 165, 171
    temperature 5
High risk fires 84, 110
Human evolution and fire 107, 174

Indian use of fire 11, 16, 27, 46, 87, 125, 129, 139, 173, 174
Interagency cooperation 156

Lightning fire 11, 15, 16, 32, 33, 40, 41, 71, 81, 85, 87, 125, 129, 139, 149, 156, 197
Literature review
    current research 4, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 29, 32, 34, 55, 58, 68, 74, 81, 82, 99, 107, 108, 109, 114, 114A, 116, 132, 156, 162, 182, 199, 201, 202, 203
    historical fire accounts 10, 11, 16, 17, 27, 28, 46, 71, 86, 87, 104, 106, 125, 129, 139, 173, 185

Location of study
    Alberta 4, 5, 6, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 27, 39, 65, 74, 87, 101, 117, 129, 139, 159, 164, 173
    Gulf Coast 203
    Great Plains 81, 87, 99, 104, 110, 125, 187, 188, 189, 190, 201
    Illinois 25, 50, 80, 146, 191
    Iowa 2, 22, 51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 75, 88, 122
    Kansas 3, 49, 92, 93, 96, 100, 113, 114, 114A, 126, 133, 134, 135, 136, 141, 162, 167, 179, 198
    Manitoba 1, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 38, 47, 65, 66, 74, 87, 89, 139, 143, 155, 157, 173, 175, 176, 184, 185
    Michigan 50
    Minnesota 9, 12, 18, 23, 24, 29, 35, 36, 50, 53, 54, 63, 83, 84, 87, 94, 95, 130, 137, 143, 151, 158, 160, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 192
    Missouri 37, 87, 112
    Montana 8, 11, 18, 59, 73, 74, 85, 87, 121, 128, 129, 195, 196
    Nebraska 21, 28, 32, 33, 42, 62, 73, 74, 76, 77, 87, 90, 127, 131, 152, 153, 180, 186, 197
    New England 46
    New Jersey 46
    New York 46
    North Dakota 7, 11, 14, 18, 20, 27, 28, 73, 74, 78, 79, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 97, 98, 103, 105, 106, 109, 128, 129, 132, 143, 160, 161, 163, 178, 205, 206
    Ohio 50, 115
    Saskatchewan 1, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 27, 40, 41, 65, 67, 74, 87, 118, 120, 124, 128, 129, 139, 144, 149, 160, 173
    South Dakota 11, 14, 30, 31, 60, 61, 64, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 87, 91, 116, 119, 140, 148, 154, 156, 160, 165, 193, 194, 199
    Southern Atlantic Seaboard 203
    Texas 145
    Utah 142
    Washington 147
    Wisconsin 29, 43, 44, 50, 138, 181, 183, 204
    Wyoming 73, 74, 87, 122
Longterm (>5 yr) study 1, 4, 7, 23, 39, 40, 43, 59, 75, 94, 95, 112, 124, 133, 135, 163, 168, 172, 177, 183, 191, 192
Month of burn
    April 1, 2, 4, 21, 25, 30, 31, 33, 42, 47, 49, 58, 62, 64, 69, 71, 75, 83, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 96, 100, 109, 114, 114A, 118, 123, 126, 127, 131, 133, 134,             135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 146, 152, 154, 158, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 175, 177, 179, 181, 184, 185, 192, 195, 196, 198, 204
    August 14, 33, 40, 41, 48, 82, 122, 142, 165, 175, 176, 184, 185, 191
    December 134, 135, 136, 177
    February 2, 58, 75, 134, 153, 191
    January 134, 153
    July 33, 83, 142, 167, 168, 185
    June 8, 22, 32, 33, 47, 60, 61, 75, 82, 111, 122, 132, 168, 199
    March 33, 37, 43, 56, 58, 69, 113, 114, 114A, 133, 134, 135, 136, 146, 154, 177, 181, 191
    May 1, 6, 14, 19, 21, 22, 23, 32, 33, 43, 47, 48, 49, 60, 61, 62, 69, 71, 78, 82, 83, 91, 94, 95, 101, 105, 106, 109, 114, 114A, 127, 132, 133, 135, 136,             137, 154, 167, 168, 175, 176, 177, 180, 192, 199
    November 33, 69, 96, 114, 118, 134
    October 19, 30, 31, 33, 40, 41, 43, 53, 54, 82, 114, 144, 171, 172, 175, 176, 195, 196, 205, 206
    September 33, 48, 75, 142, 184

National fire danger rating
    buildup index 151
    fine fuel spread index 151
Native grass, established by burning 21, 43, 82, 94, 132, 137, 142, 166, 191

Peat fires 65, 81
Popular article 28, 76, 77, 116, 173, 178
Postburn management 5
Preburn planning and precautions 2, 13, 15, 17, 29, 50, 52, 65, 68, 74, 84, 110, 121, 151, 156, 169, 182, 200, 202
Prescribed burn 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61,             62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 108,             109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 114A, 116, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 126, 127, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142, 145, 146, 148, 150, 151,             154, 156, 157, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 191, 192, 195, 196, 198, 199, 200, 201,             202, 203, 204
Prescribed burning, history of 45, 50, 74, 116, 119, 162, 202
Public relations 29, 119, 121, 148, 156

Season of burn
    fall 5, 15, 18, 19, 30, 31, 33, 34, 39, 40, 41, 43, 47, 48, 53, 54, 66, 69, 70, 75, 82, 96, 114, 118, 128, 134, 135, 144, 160, 161, 171, 172, 175, 176, 195,             196, 205, 206
    spring 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, 39, 42, 43, 47, 48, 49, 56, 58, 60, 61, 62, 64, 66, 69, 70, 71, 75, 78, 82, 83, 88, 89,             90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 100, 101, 105, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 114A, 118, 122, 123, 126, 127, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141,             146, 152, 154, 158, 165, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 184, 185, 191, 192, 195, 196, 198, 199, 204
    summer 8, 14, 22, 32, 33, 34, 40, 41, 48, 59, 75, 80, 82, 83, 122, 142, 147, 157, 165, 167, 168, 175, 176, 184, 185, 191
    winter 2, 58, 69, 70, 75, 134, 135, 153, 154, 177, 191
Shade, effects on burned vegetation 89
Slash removal 148, 157
Smoke management 74, 83, 201, 202
Soil temperature during burn 81, 194
Spontaneous combustion 81
State programs 121
Statistical analysis of fire effects 206

Upslope burn 71

Vegetative response to burn date 5, 14, 15, 18, 19, 30, 31, 39, 41, 43, 47, 48, 58, 60, 61, 69, 75, 82, 96, 114, 114A, 118, 122, 127, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136,             154, 167, 168, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177, 184, 185, 191, 195, 196, 202
Vegetative response to burn frequency 56, 58, 80, 95, 100, 112, 131, 134, 135, 167, 18l, 202

Wetland burning and grazing 99, 128, 161
Wetland burning and mowing 16l, 175, 185
Wildlife 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 24, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36, 40, 45, 53, 54, 59, 70, 84, 85, 87, 101, 102, 104, 108, 113, 114, 114A, 115, 117, 125, 129, 130, 139,             144, 147, 149, 156, 164, 167, 173, 174, 182, 183, 197, 202, 205, 206