Distribution and Abundance of Predators that Affect
Duck Production: Prairie Pothole Region

Appendix

Table 6. Comparisons of the percentage of study areas in the prairie pothole region of Canada and the United States with studied predator species rated common or more abundant, 1983-88. Weasels and large gulls were excluded because data were insufficient to rate the abundance of these species.

Species		Study Areas in Canada			Study Areas in United States^a
Species		(N)	No. > or = common	% > or = common	(N)	No. > or = common	% > or = common	X^2b,c	P
Carnivores
	Coyote	16	16	100	17	8	47	11.65	0.001
	Gray Wolf	16	0	0	17	0	0	0.01	0.977
	Red Fox	16	11	69	17	17	100	6.26	0.012
	Raccoon	16	7	44	17	16	94	9.90	0.002
	Striped Skunk	16	15	94	17	17	100	1.10	0.295
	Badger	16	6	37	17	10	59	1.50	0.221
	Mink	16	0	0	9	5	56	11.11	0.001
Rodents
	Franklin's Ground Squirrel	16	3	19	17	0	0	3.51	0.061
Corvids
	Black-billed Magpie	16	6	37	17	0	0	7.79	0.005
	American Crow	16	15	94	17	0	0	29.22	<0.001
	Raven	16	0	0	17	0	0	0.01	0.977
Raptors
	Northern Harrier	16	7	44	9	1	11	2.82	0.093
	Swainson's Hawk	15^d	7	47	9	4	44	0.01	0.916
	Red-tailed Hawk	16	8	50	9	2	22	1.85	0.174
	Ferruginous Hawk	16	0	0	9	2	22	3.87	0.049
	Great Horned Owl	16	6	38	9	8	89	6.17	0.013

^aExcludes minks and raptors in eight Central Flyway study areas because data were insufficient to determine whether abundance was common or greater.
^bChi-square value with 1 df.
^cWe added 0.5 to all cells to accommodate zero counts.
^dExcludes the Holden study area because data were insufficient to determine whether species was common or more abundant.

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Distribution and Abundance of Predators that Affect Duck Production: Prairie Pothole Region

Appendix

Distribution and Abundance of Predators that Affect
Duck Production: Prairie Pothole Region