NPWRC :: A Comprehensive Review of Observational and Site Evaluation Data of Migrant Whooping Cranes in the United States, 1943-99

Summary
Introduction
Development of Observation and Site Evaluation Databases
Methods
- Data Set Processing
  - Observation Number System
  - Locations
  - Site Evaluation Data and Codes
- Mapping and Distributional Analyses
Results
- All Observations
  - General Description
  - Migration Chronology and Temporal Trends
- Site Evaluation Data: Characteristics of Habitats
  - General Description
  - Occurrence of Social Groups by Season
  - Habitat Characteristics Relative to Site Use
    - Wetland System
    - Wetland Class
    - Wetland Regime
    - Wetland Size
    - River Width
    - Water Depths
    - Water Quality
    - Substrate
    - Shoreline Slope
    - Dominant Emergent Vegetation
    - Feeding Site Description
    - Primary Adjacent Habitat
    - Similar Habitat With 16 Km (10 Mi)
    - Distance to Feeding Sites
    - Primary Potential Food Sources
    - Foods Observed Eaten by Cranes
    - Distance to Human Development
    - Distance to Utility Lines
    - Visibility
    - Other Species Present
    - Site Ownership
    - Site Security
- Development of Permanent Database and Query System in Access Software
Discussion
Recommendations
- General
- Specific Recommendations
  - Observation Data Set Variables:
  - Site Evaluation Data Set Variables:
Acknowledgments
References
State Summaries
- Kansas
- Montana
- Nebraska
- North Dakota
- Oklahoma
- South Dakota
- Texas
Reporting Forms
- Report 1. -- Whooping crane report form generated by the Canadian Wildlife Service in 1975.
- Report 2. -- Form for recording reports of whooping crane sightings, used 1977 and spring 1978.
- Report 3a. -- Guide for evaluation of whooping crane sightings locations, used fall 1978-99.
- Report 3b. -- Whooping crane sighting short form, used fall 1978-99.
- Report 4. -- Whooping crane report field sheet for the contingency plan (also considered a short form), used 1985-99.
- Report 5. -- Whooping crane site evaluation computer coding form, used 1984-99.
- Report 6. -- Whooping crane site evaluation form used by Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, 1977-99. Includes a cover sheet coding form, forms for description of upland and wetland feeding and roosting habitat, and computer coding sheet guides.
Appendices
- I. EXCEL Database
  - Observation Database (OBSERVATION.XLS)
  - Site Evaluation Database (EVALUATION.XLS)
- II. SAS Databases
- III. Metadata
Listing of Tables
Listing of Figures

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Austin, Jane E., and Amy L. Richert. 2001. A comprehensive review of observational and site evaluation data of migrant whooping cranes in the United States, 1943-1999. U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online. http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/birds/wcdata/index.htm (Version 01JUL2003).

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A Comprehensive Review of Observational and Site Evaluation Data of Migrant Whooping Cranes in the United States, 1943-99

May 2001

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