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Seasonal Predator Removal Relative to Hatch Rate of Duck Nests in Waterfowl Production Areas

Table 1. Size (ha), number of nests (n), and estimated hatch rate (%; 95% Cl in parentheses) of duck nests in uplands of AREA's in west-central Minnesota (MN region) and southeast North Dakota (ND region) with (removal) and without (control) seasonal predator removal, 1987 1990.
Year Removal AREA'sa,b Control AREA'sb
AREA Size Nests Hatch rate AREA Size Nests Hatch rate
MN region
1987 802a 72c 17 19 (7-54) 803a 150 11 2 (<1-20)
1988 802b 135 34 4 (1-13) 803b 150 13 36 (16-77)
1989 812 183 19 14 (5-37) 813 84 7 9 (1-61)
1989 822 163 16 3 (1-20) 823 154 13 13 (3-50)
1989 832 76 5 1 (<1-52) 833 93 7 6 (1-56)
1990 842 200 38 7 (3-18) 843 128 30 1 (<1-6)
1990 852 65 3 58 (19-100) 853 71 28 3 (1-11)
1990 862 207 26 17 (7-39) 863 189 23 4 (1-17)
1990 872 63 37 16 (8-32) 873 87 24 3 (1-13)
ND region
1987 602a 301 186 52 (43-62) 603a 65 48 17 (9-32)
1988 602b 301 105 15 (10-24) 603b 65 15 62 (36-100)
1987 702a 61 33 23 (11-45) 703a 129 13 3 (<1-21)
1988 702b 61 1 <1 (<1-100) 703b 129 2 13 (<1-100)
1989 712 132 44 27 (16-46) 713 172 28 1 (<1-5)
1989 722 113 82 19 (12-30) 723 105 39 9 (4-21)
Means or total   142 646 13.5d (6.4-28.1)   118 301 5.6d (2.4-13.0)
a An AREA is 1 waterfowl production area for 1 year. Percent of available upland searched for nests was 100% of all AREA's except 602a (50%), 602b (50%), 812 (90%), and 823 (755%).
b AREA's with the same number are the same waterfowl procuction area. AREA's in the same row were selected as pairs with treatment randomly assigned.
c Only part of the waterfowl production area was used in the evaluation.
d Least-squares means estimates.

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