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Distribution and Abundance of Predators that Affect
Duck Production: Prairie Pothole Region

Tables

Table 5. Number and relative abundance of avian predators species affecting duck production by study area and province or state in the prairie pothole region.^a,b

Area^d			Relative Abundance^c
Area^d			Year(s)	Number present species	Number > or = to common species^e	Black- billed magpie (2)	American crow (2)	Northern harrier (1,3)	Swainson's hawk (1,3)	Red- tailed hawk (1,3)	Ferrug- inous hawk (3)	Great horned owl (1,3)
Canada
	Alberta
		Gayford	1985	6	3	2	3	2	3	3	0	3
		Hay Lakes*	1983-84	6	6	3	3	3	3	4	0	3
		Holden*	1983	6	5	3	4	3	d	≥3^f	0	≥3^f
		Penhold*	1984-85	8^g	3	4	3	2	2	3	1	2
			Average	6.5	4.3
	Manitoba
		Cartwright	1983	6	2	3	3	2	2	2	0	2
		Moore Park*	1983-84	6	4	2	3	3	3	4	0	3
			Average	6.0	3.0
	Saskatchewan
		Ceylon	1983-84	6	2	2	2	4	4	0	1	2
		Craik	1984-85	7	2	2	3	2	2	2	1	3
		Denzil	1984-85	7	2	2	3	2	2	2	1	2
		Earl Grey*	1985	7	2	2	3	2	2	3	1	2
		Goodwater	1983	6	4	2	3	4	4	0	1	3
		Hanley*	1983-85	7	2	3	4	2	2	2	1	2
		Inchkeith*	1984-85	6	4	3	3	2	2	3	0	2
		Leask*	1984-85	7^g	3	2	3	3	3	3	0	1
		Shamrock	1983-85	7	3	2	3	3	3	2	1	2
		Yorkton*	1985	7^g	3	2	3	2	2	3	0	3
			Average	6.7	2.7
United States
	Minnesota
		Hawley*	1987-88	4	2	0	2	2	0	3	0	4
		Hitterdal*	1988	5	2	1	2	2	0	3	0	3
		Lake Park*	1987-88	5^g	0	0	2	2	0	2	0	2
			Average	4.7	1.3
	Montana
		Morgan	1983	4	0	0^h	2	d	d	u	d	u
		Plentywood	1983	4	0	2^h	2	d	d	u	u	u
			Average	4.0	0.0
	North Dakota
		Courtenay	1988	5	2	0	1	2	3	2	0	3
		Eldrige	1987-88	6	1	0	2	2	2	2	1	3
		Fredonia	1987-88	6	4	0	1	4	3	1	3	3
		Jud	1987-88	6	2	0	2	2	3	2	1	3
		Kulm	1988	6	2	0	2	2	2	2	3	3
		Litchville	1987-88	5	2	0	1	2	3	2	0	3
		Plaza	1983	6	-	0	2	d	d	d	d	d
		Sharon	1983	5	-	0	2	d	d	d	u	d
		Streeter	1983	5	-	0	2	d	d	u	d	d
			Average	5.6	2.2^h
	South Dakota
		Hosmer	1983	7	-	1	2	d	d	d	d	d
		Madison	1983	5	-	0	2	d	d	d	u	d
		Parkston	1983	5	-	0	2	d	d	d	u	d
			Average	5.7	-
Total areas detected (%)						58	100	100	91	85	48	94
Total areas > or = to common (%)						18	45	32^h	46^h	44^h	8^h	56^h

^aIncludes only predators known or thought to be resident in one or more study areas, 1983-88.
^bNumerical abundance ratings are 4 = numerous, 3 = common, 2 = uncommon, 1 = scarce, and 0 = undetected; alphabetical designators (d = detected, u = undetected) are used for species in study areas for which data were insufficient to rate relative abundance.
^cSpecies denoted with a (1) prey extensively on adult ducks, species denoted with a (2) prey extensively on duck eggs, and species denoted with a 93) are known or thought to prey extensively on ducklings.
^dStudy areas denoted with an asterisk (*) are in the aspen parkland; all other study areas are in the prairie.
^eMinimal because the mink (some study areas) and weasels were not rated.
^fIncludes ermine and long-tailed weasel.
^gIncludes the gray wolf, which was found only in the Moore Park study area and rated scarce.
^hBased only on data from study areas where abundances of predators were rated.

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Distribution and Abundance of Predators that AffectDuck Production: Prairie Pothole Region

Tables

Distribution and Abundance of Predators that Affect
Duck Production: Prairie Pothole Region