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Distribution and Abundance of Predators that Affect
Duck Production: Prairie Pothole Region

Appendix

Table 13. Average number of places per hour (observation rate) where one or more individuals of each avian predaotr species and species-group were seen instudy aeas in the prairie pothole region, 1983-88.^a

Area^b			Year	Observer Hours	Observation Rate (x10³)
Area^b			Year	Observer Hours	American Crow^c	Black-billed Magpie^c	Large Hawks^c,d	Great Horned Owl
Canada
	Alberta
		Gayford	1985	822	1814	1849	1805	6
		Hay Lakes*	1983	888	1805	1776	1938	26
		Hay Lakes*	1984	1085	1795	1527	1686	20
		Holden*	1983	830	2938	1717	1761	15
		Penhold*	1984	762	1785	2001	1880	17
		Penhold*	1985	769	2046	2211	1835	22
	Manitoba
		Cartwright	1983	586	2135	1694	1629	7
		Moore Park*	1983	774	1937	1523	1677	39
		Moore Park*	1984	920	2066	1129	2050	47
	Saskatchewan
		Ceylon	1983	935	1560	17	1693	16
		Ceylon	1984	608	1670	0	1920	7
		Craik	1984	606	2012	1650	1702	13
		Craik	1985	636	2087	1061	1829	17
		Denzil	1984	870	1768	1179	1793	16
		Denzil	1985	1084	1717	772	1835	6
		Earl Grey*	1985	868	2148	1313	1840	16
		Goodwater	1983	825	1760	282	1908	14
		Hanley*	1983	867	2283	1816	2058	16
			1984	852	2021	1475	1712	14
			1985	1215	2195	1417	1629	17
		Inchkeith*	1984	624	2158	2077	2116	24
		Inchkeith*	1985	813	1727	1667	1747	14
		Leask*	1984	1167	1755	558	1767	7
		Leask*	1985	1403	1681	486	1642	2
		Shamrock	1983	950	1693	155	1720	10
			1984	561	2065	193	1835	36
			1985	547	2062	113	2131	15
		Yorkton*	1985	1087	1650	1012	1677	9
United States
	Minnesota
		Hawley*	1987	859	54	0	146	21
		Hawley*	1988	718	164	0	181	18
		Hitterdal*	1988	1251	155	1^e	129	14
		Lake Park*	1987	875	174	0	101	31
		Lake Park*	1988	731	349	0	231	21
	Montana
		Morgan	1983	290	107	0	1852	0
		Plentywood	1983	435	1338	36	1766	0
	North Dakota
		Courtenay	1988	469	2	0	207	19
		Eldrige	1987	932	2	0	156	48
		Eldrige	1988	286	10	0	462	63
		Fredonia	1987	1456	2	0	504	9
		Fredonia	1988	776	3	0	601	15
		Jud	1987	798	19	0	358	20
		Jud	1988	365	22	0	438	60
		Kulm	1988	1668	47	0	482	11
		Litchville	1987	910	2	0	193	13
		Litchville	1988	355	8	0	535	31
		Plaza	1983	453	241	0	1249	11
		Sharon	1983	514	317	0	1176	2
		Streeter	1983	416	75	0	1697	10
	South Dakota
		Hosmer	1983	431	1187	36	2504	7
		Madison	1983	471	1648	0	1647	19
		Parkston	1983	458	508	0	1475	0

^aA place is defined as 0.4 ha.
^bStudy areas denoted with an (*) asterisk are in the aspen parkland, all others are in the prairie.
^cData collected in 1983-1985 cannot be compared with data collected in 1987-88 because of differences in recording procedures (see Recording Sightings of Predators section).
^dNearly all were northern harriers, Swainson's hawks, red-tailed hawks, and ferruginous hawks.
^eRepresented the sighting of a single black-billed magpie by one person.

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Distribution and Abundance of Predators that Affect Duck Production: Prairie Pothole Region

Appendix

Distribution and Abundance of Predators that Affect
Duck Production: Prairie Pothole Region