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Alberico, J.A.R.  1995.  Floating eggs to estimate incubation stage does not
     affect hatchability.  Wildl Soc Bull 23:212-216

Bart, J.  1977.  Impact of human visitations on avian nesting success.  Living 
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Cairns, W.E.  1982.  Biology and behavior of breeding piping plovers.  Wilson 
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Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, E.T. LaRoe.  1979.  Classification of 
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Flint, P.L., K.H. Pollock, D. Thomas, J.S. Sedinger.  1995.  Estimating 
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Goldin, M.R.  1994.  Recommended monitoring and management methodology and 
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Haig, S.M.  1985.  Status of the piping plover in Canada.  Comm. Status Endangered 
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Haig, S.M.  1992. Piping plover Charadrius melodus.  Pp 1-18 in (F.B. Gill 
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Haig, S.M., L.W. Oring. 1988. Mate, site, and territory fidelity in the piping 
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Haig, S.M., J.H. Plissner.  1993.  Distribution and abundance of piping plovers: 
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Johnson, D.H.  1979.  Estimating nest success: the Mayfield method and an 
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Johnson, D.H., T.L. Shaffer.  1990.  Estimating nest success: when Mayfield wins.
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Klett, A.T., H.F. Duebbert, C.A. Faanes, K.F. Higgins.  1986.  Techniques for 
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Mabee, T.J.  1997.  Using eggshell evidence to determine nest fate of shorebirds.  
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MacIvor, L.H.  1990.  Population dynamics, breeding ecology, and management of 
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MacIvor, L.H., S.M. Melvin, C.R. Griffin.  1990.  Effects of research activity on 
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Mayer, P.M., M.R. Ryan.  1991.  Electric fences reduce mammalian predation on 
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Mayfield, H.  1975.  Suggestions for calculating nest success.  Wilson Bull 
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Melvin, S.M., L.H. MacIvor, C.R. Griffin.  1992.  Predator exclosures: a 
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Nordstrom, L.H., M.R. Ryan.  1996.  Invertebrate abundance at occupied and 
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Picozzi, N.  1975.  Crow Predation on marked nests. J Wildl Manage 
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Plissner, J.H., S.M. Haig.  1997.  1996 international piping plover census. 
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Prindiville Gaines, E.M., M.R. Ryan.  1988.  Piping plover habitat use and 
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Sargeant, A.B., R.J. Greenwood, M.A. Sovada, T.L. Shaffer.  1993.  Distribution 
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Sidle, J.  1985.  Piping plover proposed as an endangered and threatened species. 
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Smith, K.A., R.K. Murphy, D.L. Michaelson, W.C. Viehl.  1993  Habitat and 
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Smith, W.L.  1991.  Piping plover nesting and habitat studies in northeast Montana. 
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Steenhof, K, M.N. Kochert.  1982.  Evaluation of methods used to estimate raptor 
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U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.  1988.  Great Lakes and northern Great Plains piping 
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U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.  1994.  Draft revised recovery plan for piping 
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     Great Plains of the United States.  Twin Cities: USF&WS. 120pp.

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.  1996.  Piping plover (Charadrius melodus), 
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Vaske, J.J., D.W. Rimmer, R.D. Deblinger.  1994.  Impact of different predator 
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Whyte, A.J.  1985.  Breeding ecology of the piping plover (Caradrius melodus) 
     in central Saskatchewan. M.S. thesis. Saskatoon: Univ Saskatchewan. 126pp.

Wilcox, L.  1959.  Twenty year banding study of the piping plover. Auk 76:129-152.

Winterstein, S.R.  1992.  Chi-square tests for intrabrood independence when using 
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