Population Energetics of Northern Pintails
Wintering in the Sacramento Valley, California

Appendix A

Appendix A. Mean ambient temperatures, body mass, and changes in body mass, fat, and protein content of adult male and female northern pintails during a dry (1980-81) and a wet (1981-82) winter in the Sacramento Valley, California.
Period^c	Sex	Dry winter (1980-1981)								Wet winter (1981-1982)
		n	Temp (°C)	Body mass (g)^a		Tissue gain or loss/day (g)^a				n	Temp (°C)	Body mass (g)^a		Tissue gain or loss/day (g)
				Body mass (g)^a		Fat^b		Protein^b				Body mass (g)^a		Fat^b		Protein^b
					SE		SE		SE				SE		SE		SE
Aug-Sep	M	21	22	951	20	15	18	-5	8	26	23	957	15	45	21	-6	3
Aug-Sep	F	14	22	840	25	36	22	12	7	10	23	821	17	6	27	-13	6
Sep-Oct	M	23	19	1,028	20	81	23	14	6	18	19	1,026	19	66	23	15	4
Sep-Oct	F	17	19	893	18	46	22	2	6	13	19	829	17	28	15	11	5
Oct-Nov	M	23	15	1,074	16	56	22	-1	5	14	17	1,052	20	-1	2	4	6
Oct-Nov	F	17	15	935	18	85	22	1	4	11	17	904	28	127	27	11	6
Nov-Dec	M	19	10	1,053	14	-35	21	-3	6	13	13	998	25	-41	24	-4	7
Nov-Dec	F	19	10	924	17	-45	16	-13	3	10	13	940	22	-54	35	-3	6
Dec-Jan	M	18	8	981	17	-90	23	-4	6	16	8	980	17	13	24	6	7
Dec-Jan	F	21	8	865	20	-49	21	2	4	10	8	910	17	-1	32	-2	5
Jan-Feb	M	18	9	992	21	124	22	-1	5	18	8	1,037	18	77	21	-1	4
Jan-Feb	F	23	9	887	21	54	23	0	4	13	8	908	15	15	21	-2	4
Feb-Mar	M	17	11	1,030	17	-30	25	-2	4	14	11	1,098	16	23	21	-2	3
Feb-Mar	F	18	11	907	18	-44	24	-2	4	14	11	919	13	15	13	2	4
^a Means determined from monthly means in Miller (1986b). ^b Fat and protein changes do not equal gains or losses in body mass, because of variations in mass of plumage, ingesta, carcass water, ash, and rounding errors. ^c Assumes 30 days between monthly midpoints (e.g., Aug-Sep = 15 Aug to 15 Sep).