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A Review of the Problem of Lead Poisoning in Waterfowl

Table 4

Table 4 - Principal species of waterfowl in lead poisoning episodes investigated by the National Wildlife Health Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, 1939-1984.a

 
FLYWAY
Atlantic
Mississippi
Central
Pacific
Total
No.b
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Episodes
47
10.8
230
53.0
59
13.6
98
22.6
434
100.0
Species
Mallard
9c
17.0d
81
29.6
28
34.6
23
16.4
141
25.7
Canada Goose
22
41.5
101
36.9
9
11.1
9
6.4
141
25.7
Tundra Swan
10
18.9
32
11.7
1
1.2
12
8.6
55
10.0
Snow Goose
-
-
17
6.2
8
9.9
28
20.0
53
9.6
Pintail
-
-
8
2.9
10
12.3
30
21.4
48
8.7
Waterfowl
-
-
1
0.4
7
8.6
7
5.0
15
2.7
Redhead
2
3.8
6
2.2
1
1.2
2
1.4
11
2.0
Lesser Scaup
2
3.8
5
1.8
3
3.7
1
0.7
11
2.0
Canvasback
2
3.8
6
2.2
2
2.5
-
-
10
1.8
Trumpeter Swan
-
-
-
-
4
4.9
5
3.6
9
1.6
Goldeneye
-
-
4
1.4
-
-
2
2.8
8
1.4
Green-winged Teal
-
-
3
1.1
2
2.5
3
2.1
8
1.4
Wigeon
1
1.9
-
-
2
2.5
4
2.8
7
1.3
White-fronted Goose
-
-
1
0.4
1
1.2
5
3.6
7
1.3
Black Duck
4
7.5
2
0.7
-
-
-
-
6
1.1
Ross Goose
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
2.1
3
0.5
Ring-necked Duck
-
-
1
0.4
2
2.5
-
-
3
0.5
Greater Scaup
-
-
1
0.4
-
-
1
0.7
2
0.4
Ducks
-
-
1
0.4
-
-
1
0.7
2
0.4
Ruddy Ducks
-
-
1
0.4
-
-
-
-
1
0.2
Mute Swan
1
1.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
0.2
Gadwall
-
-
-
-
1
1.2
-
-
1
0.2
Blue-winged Teal
-
-
1
0.4
-
-
-
-
1
0.2
Bufflehead
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
0.7
1
0.2
Shoveler
-
-
1
0.4
-
-
-
-
1
0.2
Wood Duck
-
-
1
0.4
-
-
-
-
1
0.2
Mixed Geese
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
0.7
1
0.2
Mottled Duck
-
-
-
-
1
1.2
-
-
1
0.2
Totale
53
100.0
274
100.0
81
100.0
140
100.0
549
100.0
aDr. Milton B. Friend, personal communication, 17 April 1985.
bNumber of episodes investigated in each flyway.
cNumber of episodes in a flyway (i.e., Atlantic Flyway) in which a given species (i.e., mallards) was a "principal species."
dMallards, for example, comprised 17.0 percent of the groups (not numbers) of the "principal species" of waterfowl involved in lead poisoning episodes in the Atlantic Flyway.
eBecause some episodes involved more than one species, the total for each flyway is larger than its number of episodes.

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