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A Review of the Problem of Lead Poisoning in Waterfowl

Table 2

Table 2 - Incidence of various levels of ingested shot in gizzards of mallards.

Years
Investigator and State
Number of Gizzards w/ Lead
1 Shot
2 Shot
3 Shot
4 Shot
5 Shot
6 Shot
7 Shot
8 Shot
9 Shot
10 Shot
>10 Shot
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
1974-75
White & Stendell 1977 (CA, CO, MA, MO, MT, NJ, NY, OK, OR, UT)
122
73
59.8
17
13.9
12
9.8
5
4.1
2
1.6
3
2.5
2
1.6
0
-
2
1.6
1
0.8
5
4.1
1974-77
Barngrover 1977 (NV)
126
76
60.3
17
13.5
6
4.8
9
7.1
1
0.8
3
2.4
2
1.6
2
1.6
1
0.8
3
2.4
6
4.8
1977-79
Bednarik & Shieldcastle 1980 (OH)
114
83
72.8
14
12.3
6
5.4
3
2.6
1
0.9
2
1.8
0
-
2
1.8
0
-
0
-
3
2.6
1977-79
Sullivan 1980 (AR)
299
237
79.3
36
12.0
9
3.0
5
1.7a
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1979
Anderson & Brewer 1980 (IL)
279
202
72.4
41
14.7
17
6.1
7
2.5
3
1.1
1
0.4
3
1.1
1
0.4
0
-
0
-
4
1.4
1978-80
Smith 1979, 1980 (LA)
271
92
33.9
40
14.7b
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total Number and Average Percent
1,211
763
63.0
165
13.6
50
5.3
29
3.1
7
1.1
9
1.4
7
1.1
5
0.8
3
0.5
4
0.6
18
2.8
aExcludes Arkansas data >5 shot.
bExcludes Louisiana data >3 shot.

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