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ALLISTON, W. G. 1975. Web-tagging ducklings in pipped eggs. J. Wildl. Manage. 
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ANDERSON, D. R. 1975. Population ecology of the mallard. V. Temporal and 
	geographic estimates of survival, recovery, and harvest rates. U.S. Fish 
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ANDERSON, M. G., R. D. SAYLER and A. D. AFTON. 1980. A decoy trap for diving 
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BAILEY, R. O. 1979. Wild mallard stocking in large marsh habitat. Can. 
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BALL, I. J., D. S. GILMER, L, M COWARDIN, and J. H. RIECHMANN. 1975. Survival of 
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BARTONEK, J. C., and C. W., DANE. 1964. Numbered nasal discs for waterfowl. J. 
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BELLROSE, F. C., T. G., SCOTT, A. S. HAWKINS, and J. B. LOW. 1961. Sex ratios 
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BISHOP, R. A., D. D., HUMBURG, and R. D. ANDREWS. 1978. Survival and homing of 
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BLOHM, R. J. 1977. A capture and age determination method for the gadwall (Anas 
	strepera). M.S. Thesis, Univ. Wisconsin, Madison 55pp.

BLOHM, R. J. 1979. The breeding ecology of the gadwall in southern Manitoba. 
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BROWNIE, C., D. R. ANDERSON, K. P. BURNHAM, and D. S. ROBSON. 1985. Statistical 
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COOCH, G. 1953. Techniques for mass capture of flightless blue and lesser snow 
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COULTER, M. W., and W. R. MILLER. 1968. Nesting biology of black ducks and 
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COWARDIN, L. M., G. E. CUMMMINGS, and P. B. REED, Jr. 1967. Stump and tree 
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COWARDIN, L. M., D. S. GILMER, and C. W SHAIFFER. 1985. Mallard recruitment in 
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COWARIN, L. M., and D. H. JOHNSON. 1979. Mathematics and mallard management. J. 
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CUMMINGS, G. E. and O. H. HEWITT. 1964. Capturing waterfowl and marsh birds at 
	night with light and sound. J. Wildl. Manage. 28.120-126.

DANE, C. W. 1965. The influence of age on the development and reproductive 
	capability of the blue-winged teal (Anas discors Linneaus) Ph. D. 
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DANE, C. W. 1968. Age determination of blue-winged teal. J. Wildl. Manage. 
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DILL, H. H., and W. H. THORNSBERRY. 1950. A cannon-projected net trap for 
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DOTY, H. A., and F. B. LEE. 1974. Homing to nest baskets by wild female 
	mallards. J. Wildl. Manage. 38:714-719.

DUEBBERT, H. F. 1969. High nest density and hatching success of ducks on South 
	Dakota CAP land. Trans. North Am. Wildl. and Nat. Resour. Conf. 
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DUEBBERT, H. F., and J. T. LOKEMOEN. 1976. Duck nesting in fields of undisturbed 
	grass-legume cover. J. Wildl. Manage 40:39-49.

DUEBBERT, H. F., and J. T. LOKEMOEN. 1980. High duck nesting success in a 
	predator-reduced environment. J. Wildl, Manage. 44:428-437.

DUEBBERT, H. F., J. T. LOKEMOEN, and D. E. SHARP. 1983. Concentrated nesting of 
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DUEBBERT, H. F., J. T. LOKEMOEN, and D. E. SHARP. 1986. Nest sites of ducks in 
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DZUBIN, A. 1969. Comments on carrying capacity of small ponds for ducks and 
	possible effects of density on mallard production. Pages 138-160 in 
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FINDLAY, C. S., and F. COOKE. 1982. Breeding synchrony in the lesser snow goose 
     (Anser Caerlescens). Genetic and environmental components of hatch date
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GATES, J. M. 1962. Breeding biology of the gadwall in northern Utah. Wilson 
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GATTI, R. C. 1981. A comparison of two hand-reared mallard release methods. 
	Wildl. Soc. Bull. 9:37-43.

GOLLOP, J. B., and W. H. MARSHALL. 1954. A guide for aging duck broods in the 
	field. Miss. Flyway Counc. Tech. Sect., Minneapolis, Minn. 14pp. 
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HAMMOND, M. C., and D. H. JOHNSON. 1984. Effects of weather on breeding ducks on 
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HAMMOND, M. C., and G. E. MANN. 1956. Waterfowl nesting islands. J. Wildl. 
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HICKEY, J. J. 1952. Survival studies of banded birds. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. 
	Spec. Sci. Rep.—Wildl. 15. 177pp.

HIGGINS, K. F., L. M. KIRSCH, and I. J. BALL, Jr. 1969. A cable-chain device for 
     locating duck nests. J. Wildl. Manage. 33:1009-1011.

JOHNSON, D. H. 1974. Estimating survival rates from banding of adult and 
	juvenile birds. J. Wildl. Manage. 38:290-297.

JOHNSON, D. H. 1979. Estimating nest success the Mayfield method and an 
	alternative. Auk 96:651-661. 

JOHNSON, D. H., and A. B. SARGEANT. 1977. Impact of red fox predation on the sex 
	ratio of prairie mallards. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Wildl. Res. 
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KENNEDY, D. D. 1974. Unusual nesting attempts by waterfowl in southern Illinois. 
	J. Wildl. Manage. 38:937.

KIRBY, R. E., and L. M. COWARDIN. 1986. Spring and summer survival of female 
	mallards from north-central Minnesota. J. Wildl. Manage. 50:38-43.

KIRSCH, L. M., H. F. DUEBBERT, and A. D. KRUSE. 1978. Grazing and haying effects 
	on habitats of upland nesting birds Trans. North Am. Wildl. and Nat. 
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KRAPU, G. L. 1981. The role of nutrient reserves in mallard reproduction. Auk 
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KRAPU, G. L., and H. A. DOTY. 1979. Age-related aspects of mallard reproduction, 
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KRAPU, G. L., D.H. JOHNSON, and C. W. DANE. 1919a. Age determination from 
	mallards. J. Wildl. Manage. 43:384-393.

KRAPU, G. L., L. G. TALENT, and T. J. DWYER. 1979b. Marsh nesting by mallards. 
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KRUSE, A. D, 1979. Effects of land management practices on upland habitats and 
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LEE, F. B. 1960. Minnesota banding and bill marker studies. Ring Int. Ornithol. 
	Bull. 2:232-234.

LEE, F. B., and A. D KRUSE. 1973. High survival and homing rate of hand-reared 
	wild-strain mallards. J. Wildl. Manage. 37:154-159.

LOKEMOEN, J. T., H. F. DUEBBERT, and D. E. SHARP. 1984. Nest spacing, habitat 
	selection, and behavior of waterfowl on Miller Lake Island, North 
	Dakota. J. Wildl. Manage. 48:309-321.

LOKEMOEN, J. T., and D. E SHARP. 1985. Assessment of nasal marker materials and 
	designs used on dabbling ducks. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 13:53-56.

McHENRY, M. G. 1971. Breeding and post-breeding movements of blue-winged teal 
	(Anas discors) in southwestern Manitoba, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Oklahoma, 
	Norman. 76pp.

ORING, L. W. 1969. Summer biology of the gadwall at Delta, Manitoba. Wilson 
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ROBEL, R. J., J. N. BRIGGS, A. D. DAYTON, and L. C. HULBERT. 1970. Relationship 
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SALYER, J. W. 1962. A bow-net trap for ducks. J. Wildl. Manage. 26:219-221.

SAS INSTITUTE, INC. 1982. SAS user's guide: statistics. Cary, N.C. 584pp.

SELLERS, R. A. 1973. Mallard releases in understocked prairie pothole habitat. 
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SHAIFFER, C. W., and G. L. KRAPU. 1978. A remote controlled system for capturing 
	nesting waterfowl. J. Wildl. Manage. 42:668-669.

SHARP, D. E., and J. T. LOKEMOEN. 1980. A remote-controlled firing device for 
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SHARP, D. E., and J. T. LOKEMOEN. 1987. A decoy trap for breeding-season 
	mallards in North Dakota. J. Wildl. Manage. 51:711-715.

SNEDECOR, G. W., and W. G. COCHRAN. 1980. Statistical methods. Iowa State Univ. 
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SOWLS, L. K. 1955. Prairie ducks: a study of their behavior, ecology, and 
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STEWART, R. E., and H. A. KANTRUD. 1971. Classification of natural ponds and 
	lakes in the glaciated prairie region. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Resour. 
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STEWART, R. E., and H. A. KANTRUD. 1973. Ecological distribution of breeding 
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TALENT, L. G., R. L. JARVIS, and G. L. KRAPU. 1983. Survival of mallard broods 
	in south-central North Dakota. Condor 85:74-78.

THORNSBERRY, W. H., and L. M. COWARDIN. 1971. A floating bail trap for capturing 
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TITMAN, R. E., and N. R. SEYMOUR. 1981. A Comparison of pursuit flights by six 
	North American ducks of the genus Anas. Wildfowl 32:11-18.

WELLER, M. W. 1956. A simple field candler for waterfowl eggs. J. Wildl. Manage. 
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