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Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert, and David E. Sharp. 1990.  Homing and 
     reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal. Wildlife 
     Monographs 106.

This resource should be cited as:

Lokemoen, John T., Harold F. Duebbert, and David E. Sharp. 1990.  Homing and 
     reproductive habits of mallards, gadwalls, and blue-winged teal.  Wildlife 
     Monographs 106.  Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center 
     Online.  http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/birds/homingdk/index.htm 
     (Version 05JAN2000).

Table of Contents

• Abstract
• Introduction
  
• Study Area
  
• Methods
  • Definitions
    
  • Nest Data
    
  • Nest Habitat
    
  • Nesting Statistics
    
  • Capturing, Aging, and Marking
    
  • Return Rate and Homing Rate Statistics and Survival Estimates
    
  • Recapture, Habitat Conditions, and Age Related Analyses
    
• Results
  • Relationship of Hen Age to Productivity
    
    • Spring Arrival Dates
      
    • Nest Initiation Dates
  • Nesting
    
    • Nest Distribution
      
    • Nest Site Selection
      
    • Nesting Success and Breeding Success
  • Clutch Size
    
  • Return Rates and Homing Rates
    
  • Nasal Marker Biases
    
  • Duckling Survival and Return Patterns
    
  • Direct Band Recovery Rates
    
• Discussion
  
  • Relationship of Hen Age to Arrival Date, Nesting Period,
    Clutch Size, and Breeding Success
    
  • Nesting
    
  • Return Rates and Homing Rates
    
  • Duckling Survival and Return Patterns
    
  • Direct Band Recovery Rates
    
• Conclusions
  
• Literature Cited

Figures

• Figure 1 -- Koenig and Woodworth Study Areas
• Figure 2 -- Age and Previous Success of Resident Gadwall Hens
• Figure 3 -- Nest Initiation Period of Resident Mallard Hens
• Figure 4 -- Nest Initiation Period of Resident Mallard Hens
• Figure 5 -- Nest Initiation Period Related to Age
• Figure 6 -- Regressions of Incubated Clutch Sizes

Tables

• Table 1 -- Vegetative Composition and Density
• Table 2 -- Breeding Pairs
• Table 3 -- Number of Nasal Marked
• Table 4 -- Nests
• Table 5 -- Comparison of Characteristics
• Table 6 -- Age-related Productivity
• Table 7 -- Return Rates and Homing Rates (Mallard Hens)
• Table 8 -- Pattern of First Returns
• Table 9 -- Return Rates and Homing Rates (Gadwall Hens)
• Table 10 -- Return Rates and Homing Rates (Blue-Winged Teal Hens)
• Table 11 -- Relationship of May Pond Numbers
• Table 12 -- Comparison of Recapture Rates
• Table 13 -- Probability
• Table 14 -- Direct Band Recoveries
• Table 15 -- Direct Band Recoveries (successful and unsuccessful)
• Table 16 -- Reports of AHY and HY (Mallard)
• Table 17 -- Reports of AHY and HY (Gadwall)
• Table 18 -- Calculated Population Change and Homing

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