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Forest and Rangeland Birds of the United States

Natural History and Habitat Use

Tables

Table 4. Birds Occurring in Western Forest Types

Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Wood Duck  
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
    
Harlequin Duck  
X
    
X
          
Common Goldeneye
X
X
    
X
          
Barrow's Goldeneye
X
X
    
X
          
Bufflehead
X
X
X
X
X
    
X
    
Hooded Merganser
X
X
    
X
          
Common Merganser
X
X
X
X
    
X
X
    
Turkey Vulture
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Osprey
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Black-shouldered Kite
X
    
X
      
X
    
Bald Eagle
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Sharp-shinned Hawk
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Cooper's Hawk
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Northern Goshawk
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Red-shouldered Hawk
X
    
X
      
X
    
Swainson's Hawk      
X
      
X
X
X
Red-tailed Hawk
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Rough-legged Hawk      
X
      
X
X
X
Golden Eagle
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
American Kestrel
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Merlin
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Peregrine Falcon
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Prairie Falcon      
X
      
X
X
X
Chukar      
X
      
X
X
X
Spruce Grouse  
X
    
X
  
X
      
Blue Grouse
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Ruffed Grouse
X
X
  
X
X
X
  
X
    
Wild Turkey
X
    
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
California Quail
X
X
X
X
    
X
X
X
X
Mountain Quail
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
Marbled Murrelet
X
X
                
Band-tailed Pigeon
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Mourning Dove
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
Common Barn-Owl
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
Flammulated Owl
X
    
X
X
X
X
X
    
Western Screech-Owl
X
X
X
X
  
X
  
X
X
X
Great Horned Owl
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Northern Pygmy-Owl
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Spotted Owl
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
Barred Owl
X
X
  
X
X
  
X
X
    
Great Gray Owl
X
      
X
X
X
X
    
Long-eared Owl
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Short-eared Owl      
X
      
X
X
X
Boreal Owl
X
        
X
X
X
    
Northern Saw-whet Owl
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Common Nighthawk
X
X
  
X
    
X
X
X
X
Common Poorwill
X
    
X
    
X
X
X
X
Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka
spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Whip-poor-will      
X
            
Black Swift
X
X
        
X
X
    
Vaux's Swift
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
White-throated Swift
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
Black-chinned Hummingbird
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
  
Anna's Hummingbird
X
X
X
X
    
X
X
X
  
Calliope Hummingbird
X
    
X
X
X
X
X
    
Broad-tailed Hummingbird
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
Rufous Hummingbird
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Allen's Hummingbird
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
  
Belted Kingfisher
X
  
X
X
X
    
X
  
X
Lewis' Woodpecker
X
  
X
X
X
  
X
X
    
Acorn Woodpecker
X
  
X
X
    
X
X
    
Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka
spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
  
Red-breasted Sapsucker
X
X
X
X
      
X
    
Williamson's Sapsucker
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Ladder-backed Woodpecker                
X
X
Nuttall's Woodpecker
X
  
X
X
      
X
X
X
Downy Woodpecker
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
Hairy Woodpecker
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
White-headed Woodpecker
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
      
Three-toed Woodpecker
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
      
Black-backed Woodpecker
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Northern Flicker
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Pileated Woodpecker
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka
spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Olive-sided Flycatcher
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Western Wood-Pewee
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Willow Flycatcher
X
X
  
X
X
    
X
  
X
Hammond's Flycatcher
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Dusky Flycatcher
X
    
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Gray Flycatcher      
X
        
X
X
Western Flycatcher
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
Black Phoebe      
X
      
X
X
  
Say's Phoebe      
X
      
X
X
X
Ash-throated Flycatcher      
X
      
X
X
X
Brown-crested Flycatcher      
X
        
X
X
Cassin's Kingbird      
X
        
X
X
Western Kingbird      
X
        
X
X
Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka
spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Purple Martin
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
    
Tree Swallow
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Violet-green Swallow
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Northern Rough-winged Swallow
X
          
X
X
X
X
Cliff Swallow
X
X
X
X
    
X
X
X
X
Barn Swallow
X
X
X
X
    
X
X
X
X
Gray Jay
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Steller's Jay
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
Scrub Jay
X
  
X
X
      
X
X
X
Pinyon Jay
X
  
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
Clark's Nutcracker
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
Black-billed Magpie
X
    
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
Yellow-billed Magpie              
X
    
American Crow
X
    
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
Common Raven
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka
spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Black-capped Chickadee
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
  
X
Mountain Chickadee
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
Chestnut-backed Chickadee
X
X
X
  
X
  
X
X
    
Plain Titmouse
X
  
X
X
      
X
X
X
Bushtit
X
  
X
X
      
X
X
X
Red-breasted Nuthatch
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
White-breasted Nuthatch
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Pygmy Nuthatch
X
    
X
X
X
X
X
    
Brown Creeper
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
Rock Wren
X
    
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Canyon Wren
X
    
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
Bewick's Wren
X
  
X
X
    
X
X
X
X
House Wren
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Winter Wren
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
American Dipper
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Golden-crowned Kinglet
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka
spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
X
  
X
X
      
X
X
X
Western Bluebird
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Mountain Bluebird
X
    
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Townsend's Solitaire
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Swainson's Thrush
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hermit Thrush
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
American Robin
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Varied Thrush
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Wrentit
X
  
X
X
      
X
X
  
Gray Catbird      
X
      
X
  
X
Northern Mockingbird    
X
X
      
X
X
X
Curve-billed Thrasher                
X
X
California Thrasher                
X
  
Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka
spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Bohemian Waxwing
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
  
X
Cedar Waxwing
X
X
X
X
    
X
X
X
X
Phainopepla                
X
X
Northern Shrike
X
    
X
      
X
  
X
Loggerhead Shrike
X
    
X
      
X
X
X
European Starling      
X
      
X
X
X
Solitary Vireo
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hutton's Vireo
X
X
X
X
    
X
X
X
  
Warbling Vireo
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
  
Red-eyed Vireo
X
    
X
      
X
    
Orange-crowned Warbler
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
Nashville Warbler
X
X
X
  
X
  
X
X
    
Virginia's Warbler      
X
        
X
X
Yellow Warbler
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Yellow-rumped Warbler
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka
spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Black-throated Gray Warbler      
X
X
    
X
X
X
Townsend's Warbler
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Hermit Warbler
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
    
Grace's Warbler
X
    
X
            
Northern Waterthrush        
X
    
X
    
MacGillivray's Warbler
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
Common Yellowthroat
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Wilson's Warbler
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Red-faced Warbler      
X
    
X
X
    
Painted Redstart      
X
      
X
  
X
Yellow-breasted Chat      
X
X
    
X
X
  
Hepatic Tanager      
X
      
X
    
Summer Tanager      
X
      
X
    
Western Tanager
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Black-headed Grosbeak
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka
spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Lazuli Bunting
X
  
X
X
    
X
X
X
X
Indigo Bunting      
X
          
X
Green-tailed Towhee      
X
      
X
X
X
Rufous-sided Towhee
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Rufous-crowned Sparrow      
X
      
X
X
  
American Tree Sparrow
X
    
X
            
Chipping Sparrow
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Fox Sparrow
X
X
X
      
X
X
X
X
Song Sparrow
X
X
X
X
    
X
X
X
X
Lincoln's Sparrow
X
X
X
    
X
X
X
    
Golden-crowned Sparrow
X
X
X
      
X
X
X
X
White-crowned Sparrow
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
Harris' Sparrow      
X
      
X
X
  
Bird Species
Douglas-
fir
Hemlock-Sitka
spruce
Redwood
Ponderose
pine
Larch/white
pine
Lodgepole
pine
Fir-
spruce
Aspen/
hardwoods
Chaparral
Pinyon-
juniper
Dark-eyed Junco
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brewer's Blackbird
X
    
X
    
X
X
X
X
Northern Oriole
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
Scott's Oriole                  
X
Rosy Finch
X
    
X
  
X
X
      
Pine Grosbeak
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
    
Purple Finch
X
X
X
  
X
    
X
    
Cassin's Finch
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
House Finch
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Red Crossbill
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
      
White-winged Crossbill
X
X
    
X
X
X
      
Common Redpoll              
X
    
Pine Siskin
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Lesser Goldfinch    
X
X
      
X
X
X
Lawrence's Goldfinch              
X
X
  
American Goldfinch
X
X
X
X
      
X
X
X
Evening Grosbeak
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

Previous Section -- Table 3 - Birds Occuring in Great Plains Habitats
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Next Section -- Table 5 - Birds Occuring in Southwestern and Western Nonforest Habitats

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