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Forest and Rangeland Birds of the United States

Natural History and Habitat Use

Tables

Table 1. Birds Ocurring in Eastern Forest Types

Bird Species White-
red-jack
pine		 Spruce-
fir		 Longleaf-
slash
pine		 Loblolly-
shortleaf
pine		 Oak-
pine		 Oak-
hickory		 Oak-
gum-
cypress		 Elm-
ash-
cottonwood		 Maple-
beech-
birch		 Aspen-
birch
Double-crested Cormorant            
X
      
Anhinga            
X
      
American Bittern            
X
      
Least Bittern            
X
      
Great Blue Heron            
X
X
    
Great Egret            
X
      
Snowy Egret            
X
      
Little Blue Heron            
X
      
Cattle Egret            
X
      
Green-backed Heron            
X
X
    
Black-crowned Night-Heron            
X
      
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron            
X
      
Glossy Ibis            
X
      
White-faced Ibis            
X
      
Wood Duck
X
X
        
X
X
X
  
American Black Duck              
X
    
Gadwall              
X
    
Bird Species White-
red-jack
pine		 Spruce-
fir		 Longleaf-
slash
pine		 Loblolly-
shortleaf
pine		 Oak-
pine		 Oak-
hickory		 Oak-
gum-
cypress		 Elm-
ash-
cottonwood		 Maple-
beech-
birch		 Aspen-
birch
Ring-necked Duck
X
X
            
X
  
Common Goldeneye
X
X
          
X
X
  
Bufflehead              
X
X
  
Hooded Merganser
X
X
      
X
X
X
X
X
Common Merganser
X
X
      
X
  
X
X
X
Black Vulture    
X
X
X
X
X
      
Turkey Vulture
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
Ospery            
X
      
American Swallow-tailed Kite    
X
  
X
  
X
      
Mississipi Kite      
X
X
  
X
      
Bald Eagle
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
  
Sharp-shinned Hawk
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Cooper's Hawk
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Northern Goshawk
X
X
    
X
X
    
X
X
Red-shouldered Hawk
X
 
 X
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
Broad-winged Hawk
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
X
X
Short-tailed Hawk            
X
      
Red-tailed Hawk
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
Bird Species White-
red-jack
pine		 Spruce-
fir		 Longleaf-
slash
pine		 Loblolly-
shortleaf
pine		 Oak-
pine		 Oak-
hickory		 Oak-
gum-
cypress		 Elm-
ash-
cottonwood		 Maple-
beech-
birch		 Aspen-
birch
Golden Eagle
X
X
    
X
X
    
X
X
American Kestrel
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
Merlin
X
X
X
X
            
Peregrine Falcon
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
Spruce Grouse  
X
                
Ruffed Grouse
X
X
    
X
X
    
X
X
Wild Turkey
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Northern Bobwhite
X
  
X
X
X
X
        
Yellow Rail  
X
                
King Rail            
X
      
Virginia Rail              
X
    
Sora            
X
      
Purple Gallinule            
X
      
Common Moorhen            
X
X
    
Limpkin            
X
      
Solitary Sandpiper              
X
    
Spotted Sandpiper              
X
    
Upland Sandpiper      
X
X
X
        
Bird Species White-
red-jack
pine		 Spruce-
fir		 Longleaf-
slash
pine		 Loblolly-
shortleaf
pine		 Oak-
pine		 Oak-
hickory		 Oak-
gum-
cypress		 Elm-
ash-
cottonwood		 Maple-
beech-
birch		 Aspen-
birch
Common Snipe            
X
X
    
American Woodcock
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Rock Dove    
X
X
X
X
X
      
Mourning Dove
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
Common Ground-Dove    
X
X
X
X
        
Black-billed Cuckoo
X
X
    
X
X
  
X
X
X
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Common Barn-Owl    
X
X
X
X
        
Eastern Screech-Owl
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Great Horned Owl
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Northern Hawk-Owl  
X
              
X
Burrowing Owl    
X
X
X
X
        
Barred Owl
X
X
  
X
  
X
X
X
X
  
Great Gray Owl  
X
              
X
Long-eared Owl
X
X
  
X
X
X
        
Boreal Owl  
X
            
X
  
Northern Saw-whet Owl
X
X
    
X
X
    
X
X
Common Nighthawk
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bird Species White-
red-jack
pine		 Spruce-
fir		 Longleaf-
slash
pine		 Loblolly-
shortleaf
pine		 Oak-
pine		 Oak-
hickory		 Oak-
gum-
cypress		 Elm-
ash-
cottonwood		 Maple-
beech-
birch		 Aspen-
birch
Chuck-will's-widow    
X
X
X
X
        
Whip-poor-will
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Chimney Swift
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ruby-throated Hummingbird
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Belted Kingfisher
X
X
    
X
X
X
X
X
X
Red-headed Woodpecker    
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Red-bellied Woodpecker    
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Downy Woodpecker
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hairy Woodpecker
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Red-cockaded Woodpecker    
X
X
X
          
Three-toed Woodpecker  
X
                
Black-backed Woodpecker  
X
                
Northern Flicker
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Pileated Woodpecker
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Olive-sided Flycatcher
X
X
            
X
X
Eastern Wood-Pewee
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
X
X
            
X
  
Bird Species White-
red-jack
pine		 Spruce-
fir		 Longleaf-
slash
pine		 Loblolly-
shortleaf
pine		 Oak-
pine		 Oak-
hickory		 Oak-
gum-
cypress		 Elm-
ash-
cottonwood		 Maple-
beech-
birch		 Aspen-
birch
Acadian Flycatcher        
X
X
X
X
    
Alder Flycatcher
X
X
          
X
X
X
Willow Flycatcher          
X
X
X
X
X
Least Flycatcher
X
X
      
X
  
X
X
X
Eastern Phoebe
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Great Crested Flycatcher
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
Eastern Kingbird
X
  
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
Purple Martin
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Tree Swallow
X
X
X
X
    
X
X
X
X
Northern Rough-winged Swallow
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
Bank Swallow
X
X
    
X
X
  
X
X
X
Cliff Swallow
X
X
  
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
Barn Swallow
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Gray Jay  
X
            
X
  
Blue Jay
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
American Crow
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Fish Crow    
X
X
X
  
X
      
Common Raven
X
X
    
X
X
  
X
X
X
Black-capped Chickadee
X
X
  
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
Bird Species White-
red-jack
pine		 Spruce-
fir		 Longleaf-
slash
pine		 Loblolly-
shortleaf
pine		 Oak-
pine		 Oak-
hickory		 Oak-
gum-
cypress		 Elm-
ash-
cottonwood		 Maple-
beech-
birch		 Aspen-
birch
Carolina Chickadee
X
 
X
X
X
X
X
      
Boreal Chickadee  
X
            
X
  
Tufted Titmouse
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Red-breasted Nuthatch
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
X
  
White-breasted Nuthatch
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Brown-headed Nuthatch    
X
X
X
          
Brown Creeper
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Carolina Wren
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Bewick's Wren        
X
X
        
House Wren
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Winter Wren
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Marsh Wren            
X
X
    
Golden-crowned Kinglet
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
  
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher    
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
Eastern Bluebird
X
  
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
Veery
X
X
      
X
  
X
X
X
Gray-cheeked Thrush  
X
                
Swainson's Thrush
X
X
            
X
X
Bird Species White-
red-jack
pine		 Spruce-
fir		 Longleaf-
slash
pine		 Loblolly-
shortleaf
pine		 Oak-
pine		 Oak-
hickory		 Oak-
gum-
cypress		 Elm-
ash-
cottonwood		 Maple-
beech-
birch		 Aspen-
birch
Hermit Thrush
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
Wood Thrush
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
American Robin
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Gray Catbird
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Northern Mockingbird    
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Brown Thrasher
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Water Pipit            
X
      
Bohemian Waxwing                  
X
Cedar Waxwing
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Northern Shrike
X
X
            
X
X
Loggerhead Shrike
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
    
X
European Starling
X
    
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
White-eyed Vireo      
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Solitary Vireo
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
  
X
X
Yellow-throated Vireo    
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
  
Warbling Vireo          
X
X
X
X
  
Philadelphia Vireo                
X
X
Red-eyed Vireo
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bird Species White-
red-jack
pine		 Spruce-
fir		 Longleaf-
slash
pine		 Loblolly-
shortleaf
pine		 Oak-
pine		 Oak-
hickory		 Oak-
gum-
cypress		 Elm-
ash-
cottonwood		 Maple-
beech-
birch		 Aspen-
birch
Bachman's Warbler            
X
      
Blue-winged Warbler          
X
    
X
X
Golden-winged Warbler        
X
X
    
X
X
Tennessee Warbler
X
X
            
X
X
Orange-crowned Warbler  
X
        
X
      
Nashville Warbler
X
X
            
X
X
Northern Parula
X
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Yellow Warbler
X
X
      
X
X
X
X
X
Chestnut-sided Warbler
X
X
    
X
X
    
X
X
Magnolia Warbler
X
X
            
X
  
Cape May Warbler
X
X
                
Black-throated Blue Warbler
X
X
      
X
    
X
X
Yellow-rumped Warbler
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Black-throated Green Warbler
X
X
  
X
X
  
X
  
X
  
Blackburnian Warbler  
X
      
X
    
X
  
Yellow-throated Warbler
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Pine Warbler
X
  
X
X
X
      
X
  
Prairie Warbler
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
    
X
Bird Species White-
red-jack
pine		 Spruce-
fir		 Longleaf-
slash
pine		 Loblolly-
shortleaf
pine		 Oak-
pine		 Oak-
hickory		 Oak-
gum-
cypress		 Elm-
ash-
cottonwood		 Maple-
beech-
birch		 Aspen-
birch
Palm Warbler
X
X
X
X
            
Bay-breasted Warbler
X
X
                
Blackpoll Warbler  
X
                
Cerulean Warbler        
X
X
  
X
    
Black-and-white Warbler
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
American Redstart
X
X
      
X
X
X
X
X
Prothonotary Warbler            
X
X
    
Worm-eating Warbler      
X
X
X
X
      
Swainson's Warbler
X
          
X
      
Ovenbird
X
X
    
X
X
X
X
X
X
Northern Waterthrush
X
X
        
X
X
X
  
Louisiana Waterthrush        
X
X
X
X
    
Kentucky Warbler        
X
X
X
X
    
Mourning Warbler
X
X
            
X
X
Common Yellowthroat
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hooded Warbler      
X
X
X
X
      
Wilson's Warbler  
X
                
Canada Warbler
X
X
          
X
X
X
Bird Species White-
red-jack
pine		 Spruce-
fir		 Longleaf-
slash
pine		 Loblolly-
shortleaf
pine		 Oak-
pine		 Oak-
hickory		 Oak-
gum-
cypress		 Elm-
ash-
cottonwood		 Maple-
beech-
birch		 Aspen-
birch
Yellow-breasted Chat
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
Summer Tanager    
X
X
X
X
X
      
Scarlet Tanager
X
      
X
X
X
X
X
X
Northern Cardlinal
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
X
X
      
X
  
X
X
X
Blue Grosbeak      
X
X
X
X
 
    
Indigo Bunting
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Painted Bunting      
X
  
X
X
      
Dickcissel      
X
X
X
        
Rufous-sided Towhee
X
  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bachman's Sparrow    
X
X
X
X
        
American Tree Sparrow
X
X
  
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
Chipping Sparrow
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
X
X
Lark Sparrow      
X
  
X
        
Fox Sparrow
X
X
X
X
    
X
      
Song Sparrow
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Lincoln's Sparrow            
X
      
Bird Species White-
red-jack
pine		 Spruce-
fir		 Longleaf-
slash
pine		 Loblolly-
shortleaf
pine		 Oak-
pine		 Oak-
hickory		 Oak-
gum-
cypress		 Elm-
ash-
cottonwood		 Maple-
beech-
birch		 Aspen-
birch
Swamp Sparrow  
X
                
White-throated Sparrow
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
White-crowned Sparrow      
X
X
X
        
Dark-eyed Junco
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
Red-winged Blackbird            
X
X
    
Rusty Blackbird  
X
        
X
X
    
Brewer's Blackbird      
X
X
X
        
Common Grackle
X
                  
Brown-headed Cowbird
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Orchard Oriole        
X
X
X
X
    
Northern Oriole          
X
X
X
X
X
Pine Grosbeak
X
X
                
Purple Finch
X
X
X
X
X
X
  
X
X
X
House Finch              
X
    
Red Crossbill
X
X
  
X
X
          
White-winged Crossbill
X
X
    
X
          
Pine Siskin
X
X
X
X
X
X
    
X
  
American Goldfinch                  
X
Evening Grosbeak
X
X
    
X
X
  
X
X
  
Previous Section -- Bird/Cover-Type Matrices
Return to Contents
Next Section -- Table 2 - Birds Occurring in Eastern Nonforest Habitats

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