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Alliston, W.G. 1975. Web-tagging ducklings in pipped eggs. J. Wildl. Manage. 
     39:625-628.

Batt, B.D.J. & Prince, H.H. 1978. Some reproductive parameters of Mallards in
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Blohm, R.J. 1977. A capture and age determination method for the Gadwall 
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Cooch, G. 1953. Techniques for mass capture of flightless Blue and Lesser Snow 
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Cowardin, L.M., Gilmer, D.S. & Shaiffer, C.W. 1985. Mallard recruitment in the 
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Cummings, G.E. & Hewitt, O.H. 1964. Capturing waterfowl and marsh birds at 
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Dane, C.W. 1968. Age determination of Blue-winged Teal. J. Wildl. Manage. 
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Dement'ev, G.P. & Gladkov, N.A. 1967. Birds of the Soviet Union. Transl. from 
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Dill, H.H. & Thornsberry, W.H. 1950. A cannon-projected net trap for capturing 
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Dwyer, T.J. 1975. Time budget of breeding Gadwalls. Wilson Bull. 87:335-343.

Dzubin, A. 1959. Growth and plumage development of wild-trapped juvenile 
     Canvasback (Aythya valisineria). J. Wildl. Manage. 23:279-290.

Eldridge, J.L. & Krapu, G.L. 1988. The influence of diet quality on clutch size 
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Gatti, R.C. 1983. Incubation weight loss in the Mallard. Can. J. Zool. 
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Gollop, J.B. & Marshall, W.H. 1954. A guide for ageing duck broods in the 
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Haramis, G.M., Nichols, J.D., Pollock, K.H. & Hines, J.E. 1986. The 
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Johnsgard, P.A. 1975. Waterfowl of North America. Indiana University Press, 
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Kear, J. 1965. The internal food reserves of hatching Mallard ducklings.
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Kear, J. 1970. The adaptive radiation of parental care in waterfowl. Pp. 357-
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Koskimies, J. & Lahti, L. 1964. Cold-hardiness of the newly hatched young in 
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Krapu, G.L. 1981. The role of nutrient reserves in Mallard reproduction. 
     Auk 98:29-38.

Krapu, G.L. & Doty, H.A. 1979. Age-related aspects of Mallard reproduction. 
     Wildfowl 30:35-39.

Krapu, G.L., Johnson, D.H. & Dane, C.W. 1979. Age determination of Mallards.
     J. Wildl. Manage. 43:384-393.

Lack, D.L. 1968. Ecological adaptations for breeding in birds. Methuen, London. 
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Lokemoen, J.T., Duebbert, H.F. & Sharp, D.E. 1990. Homing and reproductive 
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McKinney, F. 1965. Spacing and chasing in breeding ducks. Wildfowl 16:92-106.

Oring, L.W. 1968. Growth, molts, and plumages of the Gadwall. Auk 85:355-380.

Oring, L.W. 1969. Summer biology of the Gadwall at Delta, Manitoba. 
     Wilson Bull. 81:44-54.

Owen, R.B. Jr. 1969. Heart rate, a measure of metabolism in Blue-winged Teal. 
     Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 31:431-436.

Pehrsson, O. 1982. An experimental study of egg and duckling size, and 
     subsequent survival and growth rate as a result of food quality of laying 
     Mallards. Trans. Int. Congr. Game Biol. 14:195-202.

Pollock, K.H., Winterstein, S.R. & Conroy, M.J. 1989. Estimation and analysis 
     of survival distributions for radio-tagged animals. Biometrics 45:99-109.

Prince, H.H., Siegel, P.B. & Cornwell, G.W. 1970. Inheritance of egg production 
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Richards, F.J. 1959. A flexible growth function for empirical use. J. Exp. Bot. 
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Ricklefs, R.E. 1973. Patterns of growth in birds. II. Growth rate and mode of 
     development. Ibis 115:177-201.

Salyer, J.W. 1962. A bow-net trap for ducks. J. Wildl. Manage. 26:219-221.

Sargeant, A.B. & Raveling, D.G. (in press). Mortality during the breeding 
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SAS Institute, Inc. 1987. SAS/STAT Guide for Personal Computers, Version 6 
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Sharp, D.E. & Lokemoen, J.T. 1987. A decoy trap for breeding-season Mallards in 
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Siegfried, W.R. 1974. Brood care, pairbonds and plumage in southern African 
     Anatini. Wildfowl 25:33-40.

Southwick, C. 1953. A system of age classification for field studies of 
     waterfowl broods. J. Wildl. Manage. 17:1-8.

Stewart, G.R. & Titman, R.D. 1980. Territorial behaviour by prairie pothole 
     Blue-winged Teal. Can. J. Zool. 58:639-649.

Street, M. 1977. The food of Mallard ducklings in a wet gravel quarry, and its 
     relation to duckling survival. Wildfowl 28:113-125.

Sugden, L.G., Driver, E.A. & Kingsley, M.C.S. 1981. Growth and energy 
     consumption by captive Mallards. Can. J. Zool 59:1567-1570.

Swanson, G.A., Shaffer, T.L., Wolf, J.F. & Lee, F.B. 1986. Renesting 
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Titman, R.D. 1981. A time-activity budget for breeding Mallards (Anas 
     platyrhynchos) in Manitoba. Can. Field-Nat. 95:266-271.

Veselovsky, Z. 1953. Postembryonal development of our wild ducks. Sylvia 14:36-
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Weller, M.W. 1959. Growth, weights, and plumages of the Redhead, Aythya 
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