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Evaluations of Duck Habitat and Estimation of Duck Population Sizes with a Remote-Sensing-Based System

Table 8

Table 8. Estimated area of upland habitats by landownership class in the prairie pothole region of Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and extreme eastern Montana, based on photographs from the early 1980s.

Area of barren land Area of cropland Area of grassland Area of grassland-wildlife

State Ownership km² 95% CI^a km² 95% CI^a km² 95% CI^a km² 95% CI^a

Minnesota Easement 4.3 2.7 5.8 340.0 302.6 377.3 61.6 38.5 84.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1.1
0.3 1.9 55.6 30.2 81.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.6 28.8 66.3

Private 2,396.4 1,080.1 3,712.7 54,401.2 51,170.1 57,632.4 5,162.9 3,494.2 6,831.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total 2,401.8 1,085.9 3,717.6 54,796.8 51,557.4 58,036.2 5,224.5 3,560.9 6,880.1 47.6 28.8 66.3

Montana Easement 0.6 0.3 0.8 106.4 65.2 147.6 108.9 79.1 138.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 0.01 0.0 0.2 2.1 0.0 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 38.3 0.0 78.3

Private 113.8 62.8 164.8 8,449.2 5,452.6 11,445.9 4,735.6 1,608.7 7,862.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total 114.4 63.1 165.6 8,557.7 5,544.0 11,571.5 4,844.5 1,709.1 7,979.9 38.3 0.0 78.3

North Dakota Easement 117.2 96.0 138.4 11,294.9 10,564.0 12,025.6 4,693.0 3,837.0 5,549.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1.1 .02 2.0 217.2 116.0 318.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 443.9 311.2 576.7

Private 2,743.6 896.0 4,591.2 73,693.1 69,709.9 77,676.4 16,957.2 14,648.4 19,266.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total 2,861.9 1,007.5 4,716.3 85,205.2 80,939.8 89,470.6 21,650.2 18,958.7 24,341.7 443.9 311.2 576.7

South Dakota Easement 61.2 28.5 93.9 4,302.5 3,260.4 5,344.7 2,984.9 2,269.3 3,700.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 0.3 0.1 0.6 50.6 13.8 87.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 93.6 62.2 125.1

Private 1,601.1 1,438.5 1,763.6 45,427.7 14,448.8 49,406.7 20,779.7 17,720.2 23,839.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total 1,662.6 1,509.7 1,815.5 49,780.8 45,518.4 54,043.3 23,764.5 20,486.0 27,043.1 93.6 62.2 125.1

All States Easement 183.2 144.2 222.2 16,043.7 14,769.7 17,317.8 7,848.4 6,732.1 8,964.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2.6 1.3 3.8 325.5 214.8 436.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 623.4 480.0 766.9

Private 6,854.9 4,579.9 9,129.8 181,971.3 174,821.6 189,121.0 47,635.4 42,414.8 52,855.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total 7,040.6 4,761.2 9,320.1 198,340.6 190,861.4 205,819.8 55,483.7 49,952.8 61,014.7 623.4 480.0 766.9

Area of hayland Area of other habitat Area of planted cover Area of right-of-way

State Ownership km² 95% CI^a km² 95% CI^a km² 95% CI^a km² 95% CI^a

Minnesota Easement 15.2 5.2 25.1 67.8 53.0 82.5 20.1 3.4 36.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2.8 0.0 7.3 37.7 22.4 52.9 216.5 170.9 262.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Private 2,057.7 1,525.2 2,590.3 4,336.7 3,535.0 5,138.4 119.2 55.3 183.2 1,621.1 1,335.7 1,906.3

Total 2,075.7 1,541.7 2,609.6 4,442.1 3,628.5 5,255.7 355.7 260.7 450.8 1,621.0 1,335.7 1,906.3

Montana Easement 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 3.8 0.0 18.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Private 1.9 0.0 5.7 62.6 25.3 100.0 3.1 0.0 8.6 103.7 34.1 173.2

Total 1.9 0.0 5.7 63.0 25.7 100.2 6.9 0.0 19.9 103.7 34.1 173.2

North Dakota Easement 582.3 382.1 782.5 398.5 339.2 457.7 103.3 0.0 218.9 14.0 2.5 25.5

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1.5 0.0 4.7 113.2 0.0 231.4 202.7 105.7 299.7 2.6 0.4 4.8

Private 2,490.2 1,850.4 3,130.2 3,849.2 2,122.1 5,576.3 293.5 157.0 430.0 1,881.0 1,625.3 2,136.8

Total 3,074.1 2,365.2 3,782.9 4,360.8 2,492.9 6,228.7 599.4 369.2 829.7 1,897.6 1,636.4 2,158.8

South Dakota Easement 448.5 115.3 781.6 139.3 92.2 186.5 41.4 0.0 95.0 0.7 0.0 2.3

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 3.9 0.0 8.1 7.6 2.8 12.4 73.3 20.1 126.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Private 3,188.6 1,895.0 4,482.1 2,022.2 1,504.2 2,540.3 220.0 0.0 466.5 1,329.0 1,011.5 1,646.7

Total 3,640.9 2,270.3 5,011.5 2,169.1 1,647.4 2,690.8 334.7 56.4 613.1 1,329.8 1,005.4 1,654.2

All States Easement 1,045.9 657.1 1,434.7 605.9 528.7 683.0 164.8 36.3 293.2 14.7 3.1 26.3

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 8.3 1.4 15.2 158.4 39.1 277.7 496.2 375.7 616.7 2.6 0.04 4.8

Private 7,738.4 6,200.1 9,276.7 10,270.7 8,297.1 12,244.4 635.9 346.9 924.9 4,934.8 4,432.2 5,437.3

Total 8,792.5 7,159.7 10,425.4 11,035.0 8,931.6 13,138.4 1,296.8 923.1 1,670.5 4,952.0 4,438.5 5,465.6

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		Area of barren land			Area of cropland			Area of grassland			Area of grassland-wildlife
State	Ownership	km²	95%	CI^a	km²	95%	CI^a	km²	95%	CI^a	km²	95%	CI^a
Minnesota	Easement	4.3	2.7	5.8	340.0	302.6	377.3	61.6	38.5	84.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	1.1	0.3	1.9	55.6	30.2	81.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	47.6	28.8	66.3
	Private	2,396.4	1,080.1	3,712.7	54,401.2	51,170.1	57,632.4	5,162.9	3,494.2	6,831.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Total	2,401.8	1,085.9	3,717.6	54,796.8	51,557.4	58,036.2	5,224.5	3,560.9	6,880.1	47.6	28.8	66.3
Montana	Easement	0.6	0.3	0.8	106.4	65.2	147.6	108.9	79.1	138.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	0.01	0.0	0.2	2.1	0.0	5.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	38.3	0.0	78.3
	Private	113.8	62.8	164.8	8,449.2	5,452.6	11,445.9	4,735.6	1,608.7	7,862.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Total	114.4	63.1	165.6	8,557.7	5,544.0	11,571.5	4,844.5	1,709.1	7,979.9	38.3	0.0	78.3
North Dakota	Easement	117.2	96.0	138.4	11,294.9	10,564.0	12,025.6	4,693.0	3,837.0	5,549.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	1.1	.02	2.0	217.2	116.0	318.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	443.9	311.2	576.7
	Private	2,743.6	896.0	4,591.2	73,693.1	69,709.9	77,676.4	16,957.2	14,648.4	19,266.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Total	2,861.9	1,007.5	4,716.3	85,205.2	80,939.8	89,470.6	21,650.2	18,958.7	24,341.7	443.9	311.2	576.7

South Dakota	Easement	61.2	28.5	93.9	4,302.5	3,260.4	5,344.7	2,984.9	2,269.3	3,700.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	0.3	0.1	0.6	50.6	13.8	87.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	93.6	62.2	125.1
	Private	1,601.1	1,438.5	1,763.6	45,427.7	14,448.8	49,406.7	20,779.7	17,720.2	23,839.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Total	1,662.6	1,509.7	1,815.5	49,780.8	45,518.4	54,043.3	23,764.5	20,486.0	27,043.1	93.6	62.2	125.1
All States	Easement	183.2	144.2	222.2	16,043.7	14,769.7	17,317.8	7,848.4	6,732.1	8,964.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	2.6	1.3	3.8	325.5	214.8	436.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	623.4	480.0	766.9
	Private	6,854.9	4,579.9	9,129.8	181,971.3	174,821.6	189,121.0	47,635.4	42,414.8	52,855.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Total	7,040.6	4,761.2	9,320.1	198,340.6	190,861.4	205,819.8	55,483.7	49,952.8	61,014.7	623.4	480.0	766.9
		Area of hayland			Area of other habitat			Area of planted cover			Area of right-of-way
State	Ownership	km²	95%	CI^a	km²	95%	CI^a	km²	95%	CI^a	km²	95%	CI^a
Minnesota	Easement	15.2	5.2	25.1	67.8	53.0	82.5	20.1	3.4	36.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	2.8	0.0	7.3	37.7	22.4	52.9	216.5	170.9	262.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Private	2,057.7	1,525.2	2,590.3	4,336.7	3,535.0	5,138.4	119.2	55.3	183.2	1,621.1	1,335.7	1,906.3
	Total	2,075.7	1,541.7	2,609.6	4,442.1	3,628.5	5,255.7	355.7	260.7	450.8	1,621.0	1,335.7	1,906.3
Montana	Easement	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	3.8	0.0	18.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Private	1.9	0.0	5.7	62.6	25.3	100.0	3.1	0.0	8.6	103.7	34.1	173.2
	Total	1.9	0.0	5.7	63.0	25.7	100.2	6.9	0.0	19.9	103.7	34.1	173.2
North Dakota	Easement	582.3	382.1	782.5	398.5	339.2	457.7	103.3	0.0	218.9	14.0	2.5	25.5
	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	1.5	0.0	4.7	113.2	0.0	231.4	202.7	105.7	299.7	2.6	0.4	4.8
	Private	2,490.2	1,850.4	3,130.2	3,849.2	2,122.1	5,576.3	293.5	157.0	430.0	1,881.0	1,625.3	2,136.8
	Total	3,074.1	2,365.2	3,782.9	4,360.8	2,492.9	6,228.7	599.4	369.2	829.7	1,897.6	1,636.4	2,158.8
South Dakota	Easement	448.5	115.3	781.6	139.3	92.2	186.5	41.4	0.0	95.0	0.7	0.0	2.3
	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	3.9	0.0	8.1	7.6	2.8	12.4	73.3	20.1	126.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Private	3,188.6	1,895.0	4,482.1	2,022.2	1,504.2	2,540.3	220.0	0.0	466.5	1,329.0	1,011.5	1,646.7
	Total	3,640.9	2,270.3	5,011.5	2,169.1	1,647.4	2,690.8	334.7	56.4	613.1	1,329.8	1,005.4	1,654.2
All States	Easement	1,045.9	657.1	1,434.7	605.9	528.7	683.0	164.8	36.3	293.2	14.7	3.1	26.3
	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	8.3	1.4	15.2	158.4	39.1	277.7	496.2	375.7	616.7	2.6	0.04	4.8
	Private	7,738.4	6,200.1	9,276.7	10,270.7	8,297.1	12,244.4	635.9	346.9	924.9	4,934.8	4,432.2	5,437.3
	Total	8,792.5	7,159.7	10,425.4	11,035.0	8,931.6	13,138.4	1,296.8	923.1	1,670.5	4,952.0	4,438.5	5,465.6