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Anderson, M. G., J. M. Rhymer, and F. C. Rohwer. 1992. Philopatry,
     dispersal, and genetic structure of waterfowl populations. 
     Pages 365-395 in B. D. J. Batt, A. D. Afton, M. G. Anderson, 
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     University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Cochran, W. G. 1977. Sampling techniques. Third Edition. John Wiley 
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Cowardin, L. M., D. H. Johnson, T. L. Shaffer, and D. W. Sparling. 
     1988. Applications of a simulation model to decisions in mallard 
     management. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Technical Report 17. 
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Cowardin, L. M., D. S. Gilmer, and C. W. Shaiffer. 1985. Mallard 
     recruitment in the agricultural environment of North Dakota. 
     Wildlife Monographs 92. 37 pp.

Cowardin, L. M., and D. H. Johnson. 1979. Mathematics and mallard 
     management. Journal of Wildlife Management 43:18-35.

Cowardin, L. M.1982. Some conceptual and semantic problems in wetland 
     classification and inventory. Wildlife Society Bulletin 10:57-60.

Cowardin, L. M., V. Carter, F. C. Golet, and E. T. LaRoe. 1979. 
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     program lands in the prairie pothole region. Journal of Soil
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Cowardin, L. M., and R. J. Blohm. 1992. Breeding population
     inventories and measures of recruitment. Pages 423-445. in
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     D. H. Johnson, and G. L. Krapu, editors. The ecology and
     management of breeding waterfowl. University of Minnesota
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DeBates, L. W. 1967. The role of small wetland preservation in
     comprehensive prairie pothole region planning. Transactions
     of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources 
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Duebbert, H. F., and A. M. Frank. 1984. Value of prairie wetlands
     to duck broods. Wildlife Society Bulletin 12:27-34.

Dzubin, A. 1969. Assessing breeding populations of ducks by
     ground counts. Pages 178-230 in Saskatoon wetlands seminar. 
     Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 6.

Gollop, J. B., and W. H. Marshall. 1954. A guide for aging duck
     broods in the field. Mississippi Flyway Council Technical
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Greenwood, R. J., A. B. Sargeant, D. H. Johnson, L. M.
     Cowardin, and T. L. Shaffer. 1995. Factors associated with
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Hammond, E. H. 1965. Physical subdivisions [map]. Page 61 in
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     Interior. Geological Survey, Washington. 1970.

Hammond, M. C. 1969. Notes on conducting waterfowl breeding
     population surveys. Pages 238-258 in Saskatoon wetlands
     seminar. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 6.

Johnson, D. H., and T. L. Shaffer. 1987. Are mallards declining
     in North America? Wildlife Society Bulletin 15:340-345.

Johnson, D. H., D. W. Sparling, and L. M. Cowardin. 1987. A
     model of the productivity of the mallard duck. Ecological
     Modelling 38:257-275.

Johnson, D. H., and J. W. Grier.1988. Determinants of breeding
     distributions of ducks. Wildlife Monographs 100. 37 pp.

Kaminiski, R. M., and M. W. Weller. 1992. Breeding habitats of
     nearctic waterfowl. Pages 568-589. in B. D. J. Batt, A. D.
     Afton, M. G. Anderson, C. D. Ankney, D. H. Johnson, and
     G. L. Krapu, editors. The ecology and management of breeding
     waterfowl. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Kantrud, H. A. 1993.  Duck nest success on conservation reserve
     program lands in the prairie pothole region.  Journal of Soil
     and Water Conservation 48:238-242.

Klett, A. T., T. L. Shaffer, and D. H. Johnson. 1988. Duck nest 
     success in the prairie pothole region. Journal of Wildlife 
     Management 52:431-440.

Lokemoen, J. T., H. F. Duebben, and D. E. Sharp. 1990. Homing and 
     reproductive habits of mallards, gadwall and blue-winged teal. 
     Wildlife Monographs 106. 28 pp.

Mann, G. E. 1974. The prairie pothole region-a zone of environmental 
     opportunity. Naturalist 25:2 [map].

Martin, F. W., R. S. Pospahala, and J. D. Nichols. 1979. Assessment 
     and population management of Nonh American migratory birds. 
     Pages 187-239 in J. Cairns, Jr., G. P. Patil, and W. E. 
     Waters, editors. Environmental biomonitoring, assessment, 
     related quantitative issues. International Cooperative 
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Miller, L. D., M. Unverfenh, K. Ghormley, and M. Skrdla.1990. A 
     guide to MIPS, Map and Image Processing System. Microlmages. 
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Mood, A. M., F. A. Graybill, and D. C. Boes.1974. Introduction to 
     the theory of statistics, 3rd Ed. McGraw-Hill, Inc. 564 pp.

Reynolds, R. E.1987. Breeding duck population, production and habitat 
     surveys, 1979-85. Transactions of the Nornh American Wildlife and 
     Natural Resources Conference 52:186-205.

Reynolds, R. E., T. L. Shaffer, J. R. Sauer, and B. G. Peterjohn. 1994. 
     Conservation Reserve Program: benefit for grassland birds. 
     Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources 
     Conference 59:328-336.

Shaffer, T. L., and W. E. Newton. Duck nest success in the Prairie 
     Potholes. 1995. In E. T. LaRoe III, G. S. Farris, C. E. Puckett, 
     and P. D. Doran, editors. Our living resources: a report to the 
     Nation on the distribution, abundance and health of U.S. plants, 
     animals and ecosystems. U.S. Department of the Interior, 
     National Biological Service, Washington, D.C. In press.

Sidle, J. G. 1983. Ducks, government, and private land. Naturalist 
     34:12-19.

Sidle, J. G., and J. W. Ziewitz. 1990. Use of aerial videography in 
     wildlife studies. Wildlife Society Bulletin 18:56-62.

Stewart, R. E., and H. A. Kantnud. 1971. Classification of natural 
     ponds and lakes in the glaciated prairie region. U.S. Fish 
     and Wildlife Service Resource Publication 92. 57 pp.

Wilen, B. O. 1990. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National 
     Wetland Inventory. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological 
     Report 90(18):9-19.