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American Ornithologists' Union. 1957. Checklist of North American Birds. Fifth 
     ed. (published by the Union, Baltimore, Md.).691 p.

Beer, J.R. 1945. Sex ratios of ducks in south-western Washington. Auk 62:117-124
     
Bellrose, F.C., Jr., T.G. Scott, A.S. Hawkins,and J.B. Low. 1961. Sex 
     ratios and age ratios in North American ducks. Illinois Natur. Hist. Surv. 
     Bull. 27(6):391-474.

Bengtson, Sven-Axel. 1967. Waterfowl research in Lake Myvatn area, N.E. Iceland 
     in 1966. In The Wildfowlers' Assoc. of Great Britain and Ireland Ann. Rep. 
     1966-1967. Liverpool. p. 40-45. 

Bennett, L.J. 1938. The Blue-winged Teal. Collegiate Press, Inc., Ames, Iowa. 
     144 p. 
Bird, R.D. 1961. Ecology of the Aspen Parkland of Western Canada 
     in relation to land use. Canada Dep. Agriculture Contrib. No.27, Ottawa. 
     155 p.

Boughner, C.C., R.W. Longley, and M.K. Thomas. 1956. Climatic summaries for
     selected meteorological stations in Canada. Vol. III. Canada Dep. Trans., 
     Meteor. Div., Toronto. 94 p.

Boyd, H., and B. King. 1959. A breeding population of the mallard. The Wildfowl 
     Trust Ann. Rep. 11:137-143.

Bue, I.G. 1952. The dynamics of a waterfowl breeding population. Unpublished 
     Master's thesis. Univ. Minnesota, Minneapolis. 90 p.

Burgess, H.H., H.H. Prince, and D.L. Trauger. 1965. Blue-winged Teal nesting 
     success as related to land use. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 29:89-95.

Chamberlain, E.B., and C. F. Kaczynski. 1965. Problems in aerial surveys of 
     waterfowl in Eastern Canada. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. 
     No. 93. Washington, D.C. 21 p.

Chattin, J.E. 1952. Appraisal of California waterfowl concentrations by aerial 
     photography. Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. 17:421-426.

Coupland, R.T. 1950. Ecology of mixed prairie in Canada. Ecol. Monogr. 20:271-315.

Coupland, R.T. 1961. A reconsideration of grassland classification in the northern 
     great plains of North America. J. Ecol. 49:135-167.

Cowardin, L.M., and J.E. Ashe. 1965. An automatic camera device for measuring 
     waterfowl use. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 29:636-639.

Cowardin, L.M., and K.F. Higgins. 1967. Visibility, movement and behavior of 
     waterfowl on a river habitat in Minnesota. Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. and 
     Nat. Res. Conf. 32:301-315.
 
Crissey, W.F. 1957. Forecasting waterfowl harvest by flyways. Trans. N. Amer. 
     Wildl. Conf. 22:256-268.

Crissey, W.F. 1963a. Wildlife population management. In Hearings before Subcommittee
     on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation. 88th Congress, First Session, July 18, 
     19, August 5, 1963, Serial 88-9. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 
     p. 136-166.

Crissey, W.F. 1963b. Exploitation of migratory waterfowl populations in North 
     America. Proc. First European Meeting on Wildfowl Conserv. St. Andrews, 
     The Nature Conservancy, London. p. 105-120.

Crissey, W.F. 1969. Prairie potholes from a continental viewpoint. This publication.

Davis, D.E. 1963. Estimating the number of game populations. In Wildlife 
     investigational techniques. The Wildlife Society, Blacksburg, Va. 
     p. 89-118.

Diem, K.L., and K.H. Lu. 1960. Factors influencing waterfowl censuses in the 
     parklands, Alberta, Canada. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 24:113-133.

Drewien, R.C. 1967. Ecological relationships of breeding wate Proj. W-75-R-8. 
     Feb. 10, 1967. 10 p.

Dzubin, A. 1954. An intensive study of waterfowl populations on a small block 
     of agricultural land, Minnedosa, Manitoba. Unpubl. M.A. thesis. Univ. 
     British Columbia, Vancouver. 95 p.

Dzubin, A. 1955. Some evidence of home range in waterfowl. Trans. N. Amer. 
     Wildl. Conf. 20:278-298.

Dzubin, A. 1957. Pairing display and spring and summer flights of the mallard. 
     Blue Jay 15:10-13.

Dzubin, A. 1969. Comments on carrying capacity of small ponds for ducks and 
     possible density effects on mallard production. This publication.

Ellig, L.J. 1955. Waterfowl relationships to Greenfields Lake, Teton County, 
     Montana. Montana Fish and Game Dep. Tech. Bull. No. 1. 35 p.

Erickson, A.B. 1943. Sex ratios of ducks in Minnesota, 1938-1940. Auk 60: 20-34.

Evans, C.D. 1949. Roseneath area brood study, Manitoba, 1949. In Waterfowl 
     populations and breeding conditions-summer 1949. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. 
     Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. No. 2. Washington, D.C. p. 71-75.

Evans, C.D., and K.E. Black. 1956. Duck production studies on the prairie potholes 
     of South Dakota. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. No. 32, 
     59 p. Washington, D.C.

Evans, C.D., A.S. Hawkins, and W.H. Marshall. 1952. Movement of waterfowl broods 
     in Manitoba. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. No. 16, 
     47 p. Washington, D.C.

Eygenrnam, J.A. 1957. The sex-ratio and the production of the mallard, Anas 
     platyrhynchos L. Ardea 45:117-143.

Fisher, J. 1954. A history of birds. Hutchinson House, London. 205 p.

Formosov, A.N., and Y.A. Isakov. 1963. Organization and methods of counting 
     birds and harmful rodents [in Russian]. Akad. Nauk, Moscow. 256 p.

Furniss, O.C. 1938. The 1937 waterfowl season in the Prince Albert district, 
     central Saskatchewan. Wilson Bull. 50:17-27.

Gates, J.M. 1962. Breeding biology of the gadwall in northern Utah. Wilson 
     Bull. 74:43-67.

Gates, J.M. 1965. Duck nesting and production on Wisconsin farmlands. J. 
     Wildl. Mgmt. 29:515-523.

Glover, F.A. 1956. Nesting and production of the Blue-winged Teal (Anas 
     discors Linnaeus) in Northwest Iowa. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 20:28-46.

Gollop, J.B. 1954. Waterfowl breeding ground survey-Saskatchewan, 1954. 
     Special Study Area-Kindersley-Eston. In Waterfowl populations and breeding 
     conditions, summer 1954. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. 
     No. 27, Washington, D.C. p. 66-70.

Gollop, J.B. 1965. Dispersal and annual survival of the mallard. Unpubl. Rep. 
     Can. Wildl. Serv., Saskatoon. 104 p.

Gollop, J.B., and J.J. Lynch. 1954. Waterfowl breeding ground survey, 
     Saskatchewan-1954. In Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions, 
     summer 1954. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. No. 27,
     Washington, D.C. p. 45-55.

Greig-Smith, P. 1964. Quantitative plant ecology. Second ed. Butterworths, 
     London. 256 p.

Grenquist, P. 1965. Changes in abundance of some duck and sea bird populations 
     off the coast of Finland 1949-1963. Finnish Game Res. No. 27. Helsinki. 114 p.

Grenquist, P. 1966. A summary of changes in abundance of Finnish duck and sea 
     bird populations in four southern archipelago areas 1950-1962 and some causes 
     influencing them. Finnish Game Res. No. 28. 8 p.
 
Hammond, M.C. 1959. Waterfowl breeding population census techniques. U.S. Bur 
     Sport Fisheries and Wildl., Minneapolis. Mimeo report. 18 p.

Hammond, M.C. 1966. Waterfowl breeding population surveys. U.S. Fish and Wildl. 
     Serv. Mimeo report. Upham, N.D. 25 p.

Hawkins, A.S., J.B. Gollop, and E.G. Wellein. 1951. Waterfowl breeding ground 
     survey in Manitoba, 1951. In Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions, 
     summer 1951. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. No. 13, 
     Washington, D.C. p. 41-49.

Hilden, O. 1964. Ecology of duck populations in the island group of Valassaaret, 
     Gulf of Bothnia. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 1:153-277.

Hochbaum, H.A. 1944. The canvasback on a prairie marsh. Amer. Wildl. Inst., 
     Washington, D.C. 201 p.

Hochbaum, H.A. 1946. Recovery potentials of North American waterfowl. Trans. 
     N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. 11:403-418.

Isakov, Y.A. (ed.) 1961. Organization and methods of censusing terrestrial 
     vertebrate faunal resources. Moscow Naturalist Soc. Symposium, March 4-8, 
     1961. Transl. Nat. Science Found., Washington, D.C. 1963. 104 p.

Isakov, Y.A. 1963. Census and forecasting numbers of waterfowl [in Russian]. 
     Akademie Nauk, Moscow. p. 36-82. (Reprint from W.G. Leitch).

Jahn, L.R., and R.A. Hunt. 1964. Duck and coot ecology and management in 
     Wisconsin. Wisconsin Conserv. Dep. Tech. Bull. No. 33.212 p.

Jessen, R.L., J.P. Lindmeier, and R.E. Farmes. 1964. A study of duck nesting 
     and production as related to land use in Mahnomen County, Minnesota. In 
     Ducks and land use in Minnesota. (Ed.) J.B. Moyle. Minnesota Dep. Conserv. 
     Tech. Bull. No. 8. p. 26-85.

Johnsgard, P.A. 1965. Handbook of waterfowl behavior. Cornell Univ. Press, 
     Ithaca. 378 p.

Johnsgard, P.A., and I.O. Buss. 1956. Waterfowl sex ratios during spring in 
     Washington State and their interpretation. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 20:384-388.

Keith, L.B. 1961. A study of waterfowl ecology on small impoundments in 
     southeastern A1berta. Wildl. Monogr. No. 6. 88 p.

Kendeigh, S.C. 1944. Measurement of bird populations. Ecol. Monogr. 14:67-106.

Kiel, W.H. 1949. Waterfowl productivity in the Newdale-Erickson District of 
     Manitoba. In Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions-summer 1949. 
     U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. No. 2. Washington, D.C. 
     p. 76-81.

Kiel, W.H. 1951. Waterfowl breeding populations and production in the Newdale-
     Erickson District of Manitoba, 1951. In Waterfowl populations and breeding 
     conditions, summer 1951. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. 
     No. 13. Washington, D.C. p. 50-59.

Koskimies, J. 1949. Some methodological notes concerning the waterfowl census 
     in the archipelago. Pap. on Game Res. 3. Helsinki. 18 p.

Lack, D. 1937. A review of bird census work and bird population problems. Ibis 
     14:369-395.

Lacy, C.M. 1959. Artificial potholes and level ditch development as a means of 
     increasing waterfowl production. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis. Utah State 
     University, Logan. 103 p.

Lebret, T. 1961. The pair formation in the annual cycle of the Mallard, Anas 
     platyrhynchos L. Ardea 49:97-158.

Leitch, W.G. 1952. Ecology of nesting waterfowl in the Missouri Coteau of 
     Southern Saskatchewan. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis. Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg. 
     133 p.

Leopold, A. 1933. Game management. Scribner's, New York. 481 p.

Lincoln, F.C. 1930. Calculating waterfowl abundance on the basis of banding 
     returns. U.S. Dep. Agriculture. Circ. No. 118. 4 p.

Lokemoen, J.T. 1966. Breeding ecology of the Redhead duck in western Montana. 
     J. Wildl. Mgmt. 30:668-681.

Low, J.B. 1947. Review of new techniques-waterfowl. Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. 
     Conf. 12:339-346.

Lynch, J. 1949. Waterfowl breeding ground survey in Saskatchewan, 1949. In 
     Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions, summer 1949. U.S. Fish 
     and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. No. 2, Washington, D.C. 
     p. 48-82.

Lynch, J.J. 1951. This lone drake business. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. 
     Unpublished typed report. 13 p. Abbeville, La., June 6, 1951.

Matthews, G.V.T. 1960. An examination of basic data from wildfowl counts. Int. 
     Ornith. Cong. 12:483-491. Helsinki.

MacIunis, C.D. 1964. The status of the Ross' Goose in 1962-63. The Wildfowl Trust
     Ann. Rep. 15:137-139.

MacInnis, C.D. 1966. Population behavior of eastern Arctic Canada geese. J. 
     Wildl. Mgmt. 30:536-553.

Martz, G.F. 1967. Effects of nesting cover removal on breeding puddle ducks. J. 
     Wildl. Mgmt. 31:236-247.

McKinney, F. 1965. Spacing and chasing in breeding ducks. Wildfowl Trust Ann. 
     Rep. 16:92-106.

McKnight, D.E., and l.O. Buss. 1962. Evidence of breeding in yearling female 
     lesser scaup. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 26:328-329.

Mendall, H.L. 1949. Waterfowl breeding ground survey in Maine, 1949. In 
     Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions-summer 1949. U.S. Fish and 
     Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. No. 2, Washington, D.C. p.214-217.

Mendall, H.L. 1958. The ring-necked duck in the northeast. Univ. Maine Studies, 
     Sec. Series No. 73. 317 p.

Mitchell, J., H.C. Moss, and J.S. Clayton. 1944. Soil survey of southern 
     Saskatchewan. Univ. Saskatchewan, Soil Survey Rep. No. 12, Saskatoon. 259 p.

Moore, P. 1955. The strip intersect method. Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. 
     20:390-405.

Moyle, J.B. (ed.). 1964. Waterfowl in Minnesota. Minn. Dep. Conserv. Tech. Bull. 7. 
     210 p.

Munro, J.A. 1941. Studies of waterfowl in British Columbia. Greater Scaup, 
     Lesser Scaup. Can. J. Res., Series D. 19:113-138.

Murdy, H.W. 1953. Chronology of the 1951 waterfowl breeding season. South Dakota
     Dep. Game, Fish and Parks. Job Completion Rep. Project W-17-R-7. 43 p.

Murdy, H.W. 1962. Progress report on the Yellowknife Waterfowl Study Area, 
     Northwest Territories. Ann. Progress Rep., Denver Wildl. Res. Center. 46 p.

Murdy, H.W. 1964. Population dynamics and breeding biology of waterfowl on the
     Yellowknife study area, Northwest Territories. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. 
     Unpubl. Progress Rep. 1964. Jamestown, N.D. 61 p.

Nicholson, E.M. 1931. The art of bird watching. Scribner's, London. 217 p.

Odum, H.T., J.E. CanHon, and L.S. Kornicker. 1960. An organizational hierarchy 
     postulate for the interpretation of species-individual distributions, 
     species entropy, ecosystem evolution and the meaning of a species-variety 
     index. Ecology 41:395-399.

Oring, L.W. 1964. Behavior and ecology of certain ducks during the postbreeding 
     period. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 28:223-233.

Pospichal, G., B.M. Cram, and G. Parsons. 1954. Waterfowl breeding populations 
     and production studies, Newdale-Erickson Study Area, Manitoba, 1954. In 
     Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions, summer 1954. U.S. Fish and 
     Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. No. 27. Washington, D.C. p. 82-91.

Preston, F.W. 1948. The commonness and rarity of species. Ecology 29:254-283.

Preston, F.W. 1962.The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity. Ecology 
     39:185-215, and 39:410-432.

Raitasuo, K. 1964. Social behavior of the mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, in the 
     course of the annual cycle. Papers on Game Res. 24. Helsinki. 72 p.

Reeves, H., M. Lundy, and F. Kreller. 1956. Waterfowl breeding ground survey-
     Success Study Area, Saskatchewan, 1955. In Waterfowl populations and breeding 
     conditions. summer 1955. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. 
     No. 30. Washington, D.C. p. 54-62.

Rogers, J.P. 1963. The ecological effects of drought on reproduction of the 
     Lesser Scaup. Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis. Univ. Missouri, Columbia.

Rogers, J.P. 1964. Effect of drought on reproduction of the Lesser Scaup. J. 
     Wildl. Mgmt. 28:213-220.

Salyer, J.W. 1962. Effects of drought and land use on prairie nesting ducks. 
     Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. 27:69-79.

Skellam, J.G. 1958. The mathematical foundations underlying the use of line 
     transects in animal ecology. Biometrics 14:385-400.

Smith, A.G. 1949. Waterfowl breeding ground survey in Alberta, 1949. In Waterfowl
     populations and breeding conditions-summer 1949. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. 
     Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. No. 2. Washington, D.C. p. 40-47.

Smith, A.G. 1956. A progress report on the Lousana Waterfowl Study Area, 1953-
     1955. Lousana, Alberta, Canada. Unpublished report. U.S. Fish and Wildl. 
     Serv., Brigham City, Utah. 89 p.

Smith, A.G. 1957. The 1956 aerial and ground waterfowl surveys in Alberta, 
     Canada. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Brigham City, Utah. 34 p. (mimeo.).

Smith, A.G. 1961. Waterfowl survey of the Lousana Study Area, Alberta, Canada. 
     U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Wildl. Res. Lab., Denver, Colorado. Unpublished 
     report. 33 p. mimeo.

Smith, A.G., J.H. Stoudt, and J.B. Gollop. 1964. Prairie potholes and marshes. 
     In Waterfowl tomorrow. (Ed. ) J.J. Linduska. U.S. Dep. Interior, Washington. 
     p. 39-50.

Smith, J.D. 1964. Revision of standard operating procedures. Waterfowl air survey 
     instruction for the Prairie operation. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Div. Mgmt. 
     and Enforcement. Washington, D. C. 8 p. + attach.

Smith, R.H. 1953. A study of waterfowl production on artificial reservoirs in 
     eastern Montana. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 17:276-291.

Smith, R.H., and A.S. Hawkins. 1948. Appraising waterfowl breeding populations. 
     Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. 13:57-69.

Smith, R.I. 1963. The social aspects of reproductive behavior in the Pintail 
     (Anas acuta acuta, L.). Ph.D. thesis. Utah State Univ.,Logan. 78 p.

Snow, D.W. 1965. The relationship between census results and the breeding 
     population of birds on farmland. Bird Study 12(4):287-304.

Southwood, T.R.E. 1966. Ecological methods. Methuen and Co. Ltd., London. 391 p.

Sowls, L.K. 1947. New techniques for breeding ground surveys. Trans. N. Amer. 
     Wildl. Conf. 12:448-454.

Sowls, L.K. 1955. Prairie ducks. The Stackpole Co., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 
     193 p.

Steel, R.G.D., and J.H. Torrie. 1960. Principles and procedures of statistics. 
     McGraw-Hill, Toronto. 481 p.

Stewart, R.E., A.D. Geis, and C.D. Evans. 1958. Distribution of populations and 
     hunting kill of the Canvasback. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 22:333-370.

Stokes, A.W., and D.F. Balph. 1965. The relation of animal behavior to wildlife 
     management. Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. 30:401-410.

Stotts, V.D., and D.E. Davis. 1960. The black duck in the Chesapeake Bay of 
     Maryland: breeding behavior and biology. Chesapeake Science 1 (3/4):127-154.

Stoudt, J.H. 1952. Waterfowl breeding ground survey of Redvers Area, 
     Saskatchewan. In Waterfowl populations and breeding conditions, summer 1952. 
     U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Sci. Rep. No. 21. Washington, D.C. p. 52-60.

Stoudt, J.H. 1964. Factors affecting waterfowl breeding populations and the 
     production of young in the parklands of Canada. Ann. Progress Rep. Wildl. 
     Res. Work Unit A-8.2. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Jamestown, N.D. 
     Unpublished mimeo report. 55 p.

Tamisier, A. 1965. Denombrements d'Anatides hiverant en Carmargue. Saison 
     1964-65. Alauda 33:265-293.

Taylor, S.M. 1965. The common bird census-some statistical aspects. Bird Study 
     12:268-286.

Van Tets, G.F. 1966. A photographic method of estimating densities of bird flocks 
     in flight. C.S.I.R.O. Wildl. Res. 11:103-110.

Weller, M.W. 1959. Parasitic egg laying in the Redhead (Aythya americana) 
     and other North American Anatidae. Ecol. Monogr. 29:333-365.

Williams, C.S. 1948. Introduction. In Waterfowl populations and breeding 
     conditions-summer 1948. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. 60. 
     Washington, D.C. p. 1-4.

Williams, C.B. 1953. The relative abundance of different species in a wild animal 
     population. J. Anim. Ecol. 22:14-31.

Yapp, W.B. 1956. The theory of line transects. Bird Study 3:93-104.