Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
Alliston, W. G. 1979. The population ecology of an isolated nesting population of redheads
(Aythya americana). Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 211pp.
Anderson, D. R., and C. J. Henny. 1972. Population ecology of the mallard: I. A review of
previous studies and the distribution and migration from breeding areas. U.S. Fish
and Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ. 105. 166pp.
Anderson, M. G. 1985. Social behavior of breeding canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria): male
and female strategies of reproduction. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Minnesota, Minneapolis.
281pp.
Anonymous. 1977. Standard operating procedures for aerial waterfowl breeding ground
population and habitat surveys. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Off. of Migr. Bird
Manage. 81pp.
Bailey, R. O. 1981. A theoretical approach to problems in waterfowl management. Trans.
North Am. Wildl. and Nat. Resour. Conf. 46:58-71.
Bellrose, F. C. 1980. Ducks, geese and swans of North America, Third ed. Stackpole Books,
Harrisburg, Pa. 540pp.
Bellrose, F. C. and R. D. Crompton. 1970. Migrational behavior of mallards and black ducks
as determined from banding. III. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 30: 167-234.
Bishop, R. A., D. D. Homburg, and R. D. Andrews. 1978. Survival and homing of female
mallards. J. Wildl. Manage. 42:192-196.
Blancher, P. J., and R. J. Robertson. 1985. Site consistency in kingbird breeding
performance: implications for site fidelity. J. Anim. Ecol. 54: 1017-1027.
Blohm, R. J. 1978. Migrational homing of male gadwalls to breeding grounds. Auk 95:763-766.
Blohm, R. J. 1979. The breeding ecology of the gadwall in southern Manitoba. Ph.D. Thesis,
Univ. Wisconsin, Madison. 177pp.
Boyce, M. S. 1984. Restitution of r- and K-selection as a model of
density-dependent natural selection. Annul Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15:427-447.
Boyd, H. 1983. Intensive regulation of duck hunting in North America: its purpose and
achievements. Can. Wildl. Serv. Occas. Pap. 50. 24pp.
Calverley, B. K, and D. A. Boag. 1977. Reproductive potential in parkland and arctic-
nesting populations of mallards and pintails (Anatidae). Can. J. Zool. 55:1242-1251.
Coulter, M. W. and W. R. Miller. 1968. Nesting biology of black ducks and mallards in
northern New England. Vermont Fish and Game Dep. Bull. 68-2. 74pp.
Crissey, W. F. 1969. Prairie potholes from a continental viewpoint. Pages 161-171 in
Saskatoon wetlands seminar. Can. Wildl. Serv. Rep. Ser. 6.
Derksen, D. V., and W. D. Eldridge. 1980. Drought-displacement of pintails to the Arctic
coast plain, Alaska. J. Wildl. Manage. 44:224229.
Doty, H. A., and F. B. Lee. 1974. Homing to nest baskets by wild female mallards. J. Wildl.
Manage. 38:714-719.
Dow, H., and S. Fredga. 1983. Breeding and natal dispersal of the goldeneye, Bucephala
clangula. J. Anim. Ecol. 52:681-695.
Dwyer, T. J., G. L. Krapu, and D. M. Janke. 1979. Use of prairie pothole habitat by
breeding mallards. J. Wildl. Manage. 43:526-531.
Dzubin, A. 1969. Comments on carrying capacity of small ponds for ducks and possible effects
of density on mallard production. Pages 138-160 in Saskatoon wetlands seminar. Can.
Wildl. Serv. Rep. Ser. 6.
Fretwell, S. D., and H. L. Lucas, JR. 1969. On territorial behavior and other factors
influencing habitat distribution in birds: I. Theoretical development. Acta
Biotheoret. 19:17-36.
Gates, J. M. 1962. Breeding biology of the gadwall in northern Utah. Wilson Bull. 74:43-67.
Gauthreaux, S. A., JR. 1980. The influences of long-term and short-term climatic changes
on the dispersal and migration of organisms. Pages 103-174 in S. A. Gauthreaux, Jr.,
ed. Animal migration, orientation, and navigation. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
Gauthreaux, S. A. 1982. The ecology and evolution of avian migration systems. Pages 93-168
in D. S. Farner, J. R. King, and K. C. Parkes, eds. Avian biology. Vol. 6. Academic
Press, New York, N.Y.
Greenwood, P. J. 1980. Mating systems, philopatry and dispersal in birds and mammals.
Anim. Behav. 28:1140-1162.
Greenwood, P. J. and P. H. Harvey. 1982. The natal and breeding dispersal of birds. Annul
Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13:1-21.
Hansen, H. A. 1960. Changed status of several species of waterfowl in Alaska. Condor 62:136-137.
Hansen, H. A. and D. E. McKnight. 1964. Emigration of drought-displaced ducks to the Arctic.
Trans. North Am. Wildl. Conf. 29:119-127.
Henny, C. J. 1973. Drought displaced movement of North American pintails into Siberia. J.
Wildl. Manage. 37:23-29.
Hochbaum, G. S. and E. F. Bossenmaier. 1972. Response of pintails to improved breeding habitat
in southern Manitoba. Can. Field-Nat. 86: 79-81.
Hochbaum, H. A. 1946. Recovery potentials in North American waterfowl. Trans. North Am.
Wildl. Conf. 11:403-418.
Holm, E. R., and M. L. Scott. 1954. Studies on the nutrition of wild waterfowl. N.Y. Fish
and Game J. 1:171-187.
Immelmann, K. 1973. Role of the environment in reproduction as source of "predictive"
information. Pages 121-147 in D. S. Farner, ed. Breeding biology of birds. Nat. Acad.
Sci., Washington, D.C.
Johnsgard, P. A. 1975. Waterfowl of North America. Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington. 575pp.
Johnson, D. H. 1980. The comparison of usage and availability measurements for evaluating
resource preference. Ecology 61:65-71.
Johnson, D. H. 1981. improved population estimates through the use of auxiliary information.
Pages 436-440 in C. J. Ralph and J. M. Scott, eds. Estimating numbers of terrestrial
birds. Studies in avian biology No. 6. Cooper Ornithological Soc. and Allen Press,
Inc., Lawrence, Ks.
Johnson, D. H. 1986. Empirical Bayes estimates of breeding populations of North American
ducks. Ph.D. Thesis, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo. 187pp.
Johnson, D. H., and A. B. Sargeant. 1977. Impact of red fox predation on the sex ratio of
prairie mallards. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Wildl. Res. Rep. 6. 56pp.
Johnson, D. H., and T. L. Shaffer. 1987. Are mallards declining in North America? Wildl.
Soc. Bull. 15:340- 345.
Johnson, D. J. 1978. Age-related breeding biology of the redhead duck in southwestern
Manitoba. M.S. Thesis, Texas A&M Univ., College Station. 47pp.
Keith, L. B. 1961. A study of waterfowl ecology on small impoundments in southeastern
Alberta. Wildl. Monogr. 6. 88pp.
Krapu, G. L. 1979. Nutrition of female dabbling ducks during reproduction. Pages 59-70 in
T. A. Bookhout, ed. Proc. 1977 Symp. Midwest Fish and Wildl. Conf., Madison, Wis.
North Cent. Sect., The Wildl. Soc.
Leitch, W. G., and R. M. Kaminski. 1985. Long-term wetland-waterfowl trends in Saskatchewan
grassland. J. Wildl. Manage. 49:212-222.
MacArthur, R. H., and E. O. Wilson. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton Univ.
Press, Princeton, N.J. 203pp.
Martin, F. W., R. S. Pospahala, and J. D. Nichols. 1979. Assessment and population management
of North American migratory birds. Pages 187239 in J. Cairns, Jr., G. P. Patil, and
W. E. Waters, eds. Environmental biomonitoring, assessment, prediction, and
management—certain case studies and related quantitative issues. Statistical ecology.
Vol. 11. International Cooperative Pub House, Fairland, Md.
Martinson, R. K., and C. F. Kaczyski. 1967. Factors influencing waterfowl counts on aerial
surveys, 1961-66. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. 105. 78pp.
McHenry, M. G. 1971. Breeding and post-breeding movements of blue-winged teal (Anas
discors) in southwestern Manitoba. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Oklahoma, Norman. 76pp.
McKinney, F. 1965. Spacing and chasing in breeding ducks. Wildfowl 16:92-106.
McKnight, D. E. 1974. Dry-land nesting by redheads and ruddy ducks. J. Wildl. Manage.
38:112-119.
Mihelsons, H., A. Mednis, and P. Blums. 1986. Population ecology of migratory ducks in
Latvia. Zinatne Publ. House, Riga, Latvia, U.S.S.R. 112pp.
Murdy, H. W. 1966. When the prairies go dry. Naturalist 17:8-13.
Nudds T. D. 1978. Comments on Calverley and Boag's (1977) hypothesis on displaced ducks
and an evolutionary alternative. Can. J. Zool. 56:2239-2241.
Nudds, T. D. 1983. Niche dynamics and organization of waterfowl guilds in variable
environments. Ecology 64:319-330.
Palmer, R. S. 1976. Handbook of North American birds. Vols. 2 and 3. Yale Univ. Press, New
Haven, Conn. 521 and 560pp.
Patterson, J. H. 1979. Can ducks be managed by regulation? Experiences in Canada. Trans.
North Am. Wildl. and Nat. Resour. Conf. 44:130-139.
Pianka, E. R. 1974. Evolutionary ecology. Harper & Row, New York, N.Y. 356 pp.
Pospahala, R. S., D. R. Anderson, and C. J. Henny. 1974. Population ecology of the mallard:
II. Breeding habitat conditions, size of the breeding populations, and production
indices. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ. 115. 73pp.
Poston, H. J. 1969. Home range and breeding biology of the shoveler. M.S. Thesis, Utah
State Univ., Logan. 86pp.
Pulliam, H. R., and T. A. Parker, III. 1979. Population regulation of sparrows. Fortschr.
Zool. 25:137-147.
Rohwer, F. C., and M. G. Anderson. 1988. Female-biased philopatry, monogamy, and the timing
of pair formation in migratory waterfowl. Current Ornithol. 5:187-221.
Sargeant, A. B. 1972. Red fox spatial characteristics in relation to waterfowl predation.
J. Wildl. Manage. 36:225-236.
Sargeant, A. B., S. H. Allen, and R. T. Eberhardt. 1984. Red fox predation on breeding ducks
in midcontinent North America. Wildl. Monogr. 89. 41pp.
SAS Institute, INC. 1982. SAS users guide: statistics. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, N.C. 584pp.
Shaw, S. P., and C. G. Fredine. 1956. Wetlands of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildl.
Serv. Circ. 39. 67pp.
Smith, A. G. 1971. Ecological factors affecting waterfowl production in the Alberta
parklands. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ. 98. 49pp.
Smith, R. I. 1970. Response of pintail breeding populations to drought. J. Wildl. Manage.
34: 943-946.
Sowls, L. K. 1955. Prairie ducks. Stackpole Co. Harrisburg, Pa., and Wildl. Manage. Inst.,
Washington, D.C. 193pp.
Stearns, S. C. 1977. The evolution of life history traits: a critique of the theory and a
review of the data. Annul Rev. Ecol. Syst. 8:145-171.
Stewart, R. E., A. D. Geis, and C. D. Evans. 1958. Distribution of populations and hunting
kill of the canvasback. J. Wildl. Manage. 22:333-370.
Stewart, R. E., and H. A. Kantrud. 1973. Ecological distribution of breeding waterfowl
populations in North Dakota. J. Wildl. Manage. 37:39-50.
Stoudt, J. H. 1971. Ecological factors affecting waterfowl production in the Saskatchewan
parklands. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ. 99. 58pp.
Trauger, D. L. 1971. Population ecology of lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) in subarctic
taiga. Ph.D. Thesis, lowa State Univ., Ames. 118pp.
Vickery, W. L., and T. D. Nudds. 1984. Detection of density-dependent effects on annual
duck censuses. Ecology 65:96-104.
Wetmore, A. 1920. Observations on the habits of birds at Lake Burford, New Mexico. Auk
37:221-247.
Wiens, J. A. 1976. Population responses to patchy environments. Annul Rev. Ecol. Syst.
7:81-120.
U.S. Department of the Interior |
U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/birds/distduck/litcite.htm
Page Contact Information: Webmaster
Page Last Modified: Friday, 01-Feb-2013 19:11:56 EST
Menlo Park, CA [caww54]