USGS Home
Contact USGS
Search USGS

Best, L. B.  1978.  Field Sparrow reproductive success and nesting ecology.  
	Auk 95:9-22.   

Bowen, B. S., and A. D. Kruse.  1993.  Effects of grazing on nesting by Upland 
	Sandpipers in south central North Dakota.  J. Wildl. Manage. 57:291-301.

Ehrlich, P. R., D. S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye.  1988.  The birder's handbook.  
	Simon and Schuster, New York.  785 pp.   

Elliott, P. F.  1978.  Cowbird parasitism in the Kansas tallgrass prairie.  
	Auk 95:161-167.

Fleischer, R. C.  1986.  Brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds in a simple 
	host community in eastern Kansas.  Kansas Ornithol. Soc. Bull. 37:21-29.   

Fox, G. A.  1961.  A contribution to the life history of the Clay-colored Sparrow.  
	Auk 78:220-224.   

Friedmann, H.  1963.  Host relations of the parasitic cowbirds.  U.S. Natl. Mus. 
	Bull. 223:1-276.

Gates, J. E., and L. W. Gysel.  1978.  Avian nest dispersion and fledging success 
	in field-forest ecotones.  Ecology 59:871-883.

George, T. L., A. C. Fowler, R. L. Knight, and L. C. McEwen.  1992.  Impacts of 
	a severe drought on grassland birds in western North Dakota.  Ecological 
	Appl. 21:275-284.

Graber, R. R., and J. W. Graber.  1983.  The declining grassland birds.  Illinois 
	Nat. Hist. Surv. Rep. No. 227:1-2.

Hagan, J. M., III, and D. W. Johnston (eds).  1992.  Ecology and conservation of 
	neotropical migrant landbirds.  Smithsonian Institution Press, 
	Washington, DC.  609 pp.

Hatch, S. A.  1983.  Nestling growth relationships of Brown-headed Cowbirds and 
	Dickcissels.  Wilson Bull. 95:669-671.

Hergenrader, G. L.  1962.  The incidence of nest parasitism by the Brown-headed 
	Cowbird (Molothrus ater) on roadside nesting birds in Nebraska.  
	Auk 79:85-88.   

Higgins, K. F., L. M. Kirsch, H. F. Duebbert, A. T. Klett, J. T. Lokemoen, H. W. 
	Miller, and A. D. Kruse.  1977.  Construction and operation of a cable-
	chain drag for nest searches.  U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Wildl. Leafl. 
	512.  14 pp.

Hill, R. A.  1976.  Host-parasite relationships of the Brown-headed Cowbird in 
	a prairie habitat of west-central Kansas.  Wilson Bull. 88:555-565.

Houston, C. S.  1973.  Northern Great Plains region.  Amer. Birds 27:882-886.

Johnson, D. H., and M. D. Schwartz.  1993.  The Conservation Reserve Program and 
	grassland birds.  Cons. Biol. 7:934-937.
 
Johnson, R. G., and S. A. Temple.  1986.  Assessing habitat quality for birds 
	nesting in fragmented tallgrass prairies.  Pp. 245-249 in Modeling 
	habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates (J. Verner, M. L. 
	Morrison, and C. J. Ralph, eds).  University of Wisconsin Press, 
	Madison.   

—————.  1990.  Nest predation and brood parasitism of tallgrass prairie birds.  
	J. Wildl. Manage. 54:106-111.   

Knapton, R. W.  1979.  Breeding ecology of the Clay-colored Sparrow.  Living 
	Bird 17:137-158.

Linz, G. M., and S. B. Bolin.  1982.  Incidence of Brown-headed Cowbird para-
	sitism on Red-winged Blackbirds.  Wilson Bull. 94:93-95.

Lowther, P. E., and R. F. Johnston.  1977.  Influences of habitat on cowbird 
	host selection.  Kansas Ornithol. Soc. Bull. 28:36-40.

May, R. M., and S. K. Robinson.  1985.  Population dynamics of avian brood 
	parasitism.  Amer. Natur. 126:475-494.   

Mayfield, H. F.  1965.  The Brown-headed Cowbird, with old and new hosts.  Living 
	Bird 4:13-28.   

Middleton, A. L. A.  1977.  Effect of cowbird parasitism on American Goldfinch 
	nesting.  Auk 94:304-307.

Norman, R. F., and R. J. Robertson.  1975.  Nest-searching behavior in the 
	Brown-headed Cowbird.  Auk 92:610-611.   

Overmire, T. G.  1962.  Nesting of the Dickcissel in Oklahoma.  Auk 79:115-116.   

Peterjohn, B. G., and J. R. Sauer.  1993.  North American breeding bird survey 
	annual summary, 1990-1991.  Bird Populations 1:1-15.

Robbins, C. S., D. Bystrak, and P. H. Geissler.  1986.  The breeding bird survey: 
	Its first fifteen years, 1965-1979.  USFWS Resource Publ. 157.  196 pp.   

Robertson, R. J., and R. F. Norman.  1976.  Behavioral defenses to brood para-
	sitism by potential hosts of the Brown-headed Cowbird.  Condor 78:166-173.

Robinson, S. K., J. A. Grzybowski, S. I. Rothstein, M. C. Brittingham, L. J. 
	Petit, and F. R. Thompson III.  1993.  Management implications of
	cowbird parasitism on neotropical migrant songbirds.  Pp. 93-102 in
	Status and management of neotropical migratory birds (D. M. Finch and P. 
	W. Stangel, eds). USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-229.

Rothstein, S. I., J. Verner, and E. Stevens.  1980.  Range expansion and diurnal 
	changes in dispersion of the Brown-headed Cowbird in the Sierra Nevada.  
	Auk 97:253-267.

—————.  1984.  Radio-tracking confirms a unique diurnal pattern of 
     spatial occurrence in the parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird.  Ecology 65:77-88.

Salt, W. R.  1966.  A nesting study of Spizella pallida.  Auk 83:274-281.   

Smith, J. N. M.  1981.  Cowbird parasitism, host fitness, and age of the host 
	female in an island Song Sparrow population.  Condor 83:152-161.

Stewart, R. E., and H. A. Kantrud.  1974.  Breeding waterfowl populations in the 
	prairie pothole region of North Dakota.  Condor 76:70-79. 

Wiens, J. A.  1963.  Aspects of cowbird parasitism in southern Oklahoma.  Wilson 
	Bull. 75:130-139.

Wilson, J. K.  1976.  Nesting success of the Lark Bunting near the periphery of 
	its breeding range.  Kansas Ornithol. Soc. Bull. 27:13-22.

Zimmerman, J. L.  1966.  Polygyny in the Dickcissel.  Auk 83:534-546.   
 
—————.  1983.  Cowbird parasitism of Dickcissels in different habitats 
     and at different nest densities.  Wilson Bull. 95:7-22.