USGS Home
Contact USGS
Search USGS

Baldassarre, G. A. and E. G. Bolen. 1984. Field-feeding ecology of waterfowl
     wintering on the southern high plains of Texas. J. Wildl. Manage. 48:63-71.
     
Batschelet, E. 1981. Circular statistics in biology. Academic Press, New York,
     New York.

Bayer, R. D. 1982. How important are colonies as information centers? Auk 99:
     31-40.
     
Byers, C. R., R. K. Steinhorst, and P. R. Krausman. 1984. Clarification of a
     technique for analysis of utilization-availability data. J. Wildl. 
     Manage. 48:1050-1053.
     
Caccamise, D. F. 1991. European Starling fidelity to diurnal activity centers:
     role of foraging substrate quality. Wilson Bull. 103:13-24.

______. 1993. The "patch-sitting hypothesis": a parsimonious view of communal 
     roosting behavior. Wilson Bull. 105:372-378.
	
______ and D. W. MORRISON. 1986. Avian communal roosting: implications of 
     "diurnal activity centers." Am. Nat. 128:191-198.

______ and ______. 1988. Avian communal roosting: a test of the "patch sitting" 
     hypothesis. Condor 90:453-458.

Caraco, T. 1979. Time budgeting and group size: a theory. Ecology 60:611-617.

Davis, C. A. 1991. Ecology of macro-invertebrates inhabiting native grasslands 
     and their role in the feeding ecology of Sandhill Cranes. M.S. thesis, 
     Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.

Dixon, K. R. and J. A. Chapman. 1980. Harmonic mean measure of animal activity
     areas. Ecology 61:1040-1044.
     
Edwards, C. A. and J. R. Lofty. 1977. Biology of earthworms. John Wiley & Sons,
     New York, New York.

Folk, M. J. and T. C. Tacha. 1990. Sandhill Crane roost site characteristics in
     the North Platte River Valley. J. Wildl. Manage. 54:480-486.

Frederick, R. B., E. E. Klaas, G. A. Baldassarre, and K. J. Reinecke. 1984. A
     method for sampling waste corn. J. Wildl. Manage. 48:298-303.

Hagan, J. M. III and J. R. Walters. 1990. Foraging behavior, reproductive
     success, and colonial nesting in Ospreys. Auk 107:506-521.

Hinde, R. A. 1961. Behavior. Pp.373-411 in Biology and comparative physiology 
     of birds (A. J. Marshall, ed.). Academic Press, London, England.

Iverson, G. C., P. A. Vohs, AND T. C. Tacha. 1987. Habitat use by mid-continent
     Sandhill Cranes during spring migration. J. Wildl. Manage. 51:448-458.

Kauffeld, J. D. 1987. An avian cholera epizootic among Sandhill Cranes in 
     Colorado. Pp. 145-148 in Proc. 1985 Crane Workshop (J. C. Lewis, ed.). 
     Platte River Whooping Crane Maintenance Trust, Grand Island, Nebraska.

Krapu, G. L., D. E. Facey, E. K. Fritzell, and D. H. Johnson. 1984. Habitat use
     by migrant Sandhill Cranes in Nebraska. J. Wildl. Manage. 48:407-417.

______,	G. C. Iverson, K. J. Reinecke, and C. M. Boise. 1985. Fat deposition 
     and usage by Arctic-nesting Sandhill Cranes during spring. Auk 102:362-368.

______,	and G. L. Pearson. 1981. Susceptibility of the midcontinent population 
     of Sandhill Cranes to avian cholera in Nebraska - a preliminary report. 
     Pp. 7-12 in Proc. 1981 Crane Workshop (J. C. Lewis, ed.). Natl. Audubon 
     Soc., Tavernier, Florida.

______, K. J. Reinecke, and C. R. Frith. 1982. Sandhill Cranes and the Platte
     River. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 47:542-552.

Lewis, J. C. 1974. Ecology of the Sandhill Crane in the southeastern Central 
     Flyway. Ph.D. diss., Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, Oklahoma.

______. 1979. Field identification of juvenile Sandhill Cranes. J. Wildl. 
     Manage. 43:211-214.

Lingle, G. R. 1991. History and economic impact of crane-watching in central 
     Nebraska. Proc. North Am. Crane Workshop 6:33-35.

______ and G. L. Krapu. 1986. Winter ecology of Bald Eagles in southcentral
     Nebraska. Prairie Nat. 18:65-78.

Melvin, S. M. and S. A. Temple. 1983. Fall migration and mortality of Interlake,
     Manitoba, Sandhill Cranes in North Dakota. J. Wildl. Manage. 47:805-817.

Milliken, G. A. and D. E. Johnson. 1984. Analysis of messy data. Vol. 1. 
     Designed experiments. Lifetime Learning Publ., London, England.

Morrison, D. W. and D. F. Caccamise. 1985. Ephemeral roosts and stable patches?
     A radiotelemetry study of communally roosting starlings. Auk 102:793-804.
     
Moynihan, M. 1968. Social mimicry: character convergence versus character 
     displacement. Evolution 22:315-331.
     
Nesbitt, S. A. and A. Shapiro-Wenner. 1987. Pair formation and mate fidelity in
     Sandhill Cranes. Pp. 117-122 in Proc. 1985 Crane Workshop (J. C. Lewis, 
     ed.). Platte River Whooping Crane Maintenance Trust, Grand Island, 
     Nebraska.

Norling, B. S., S. H. Anderson, and W. A. Hubert. 1991. Temporal patterns of 
     Sandhill Crane roost site use in the Platte River. Proc. North Am. Crane 
     Workshop 6:106-113.

Pulliam, H. R. 1973. On the advantages of flocking. J. Theor. Biol. 38:419-422.

Reinecke, K. J. and G. L. Krapu. 1986. Feeding ecology of Sandhill Cranes 
     during spring migration in Nebraska. J. Wildl. Manage. 50:71-79.

Richter, P. O. 1958. Biology of Scarabaeidae. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 3:311-334.

SAS Institute, Inc. 1987. SAS/STAT guide for personal computers, version 6 ed.
     SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina.

Sidle, J. G., E. D. Miller, and P. J. Currier. 1989. Changing habitats in the 
     Platte River Valley in Nebraska. Prairie Nat. 21:91-104.

Sokal, R. R. and F. J. Rohlf. 1969. Biometry. W. H. Freeman Co., San Francisco, 
     California.

Stutchbury, B. J. 1988. Evidence that Bank Swallow colonies do not function as
     information centers. Condor 90:953-955.

Tacha, T. C. 1988. Social organization of Sandhill Cranes from midcontinental 
     North America. Wildl. Monogr. 99.

Tye, A. 1993. "Diurnal activity centers" and "information centers": a need for 
     more critical study. Wilson Bull. 105:368-372.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1981. The Platte River ecology study. U.S. Fish
     Wildl. Serv. Spec. Res. Rep., Jamestown, North Dakota.

Waltz, E. C. 1982. Resource characteristics and the evolution of information 
     centers. Am. Nat. 119:73-90.

______. 1987. A test of the information-centre hypothesis in two colonies of 
     Common Terns, Sterna hirundo. Anim. Behav. 35:48-59.

Ward, P. and A. Zahavi. 1973. The importance of certain assemblages of birds as
     "information-centres" for food-finding. Ibis 115:517-534.

Windingstad, R. M. 1988. Non-hunting mortality in Sandhill Cranes. J. Wildl.
     Manage. 52:260-263.

Wittenberger, J. F. and M. B. Dollinger. 1984. The effect of acentric colony 
     location on the energetics of avian coloniality. Am. Nat. 124:189-204.

______ and G. L. Hunt, Jr. 1985. The adaptive significance of coloniality in 
     birds. Pp. 1-78 in Avian Biology, Vol. 8 (D. S. Farner, J. R. King, and K.
     C. Parkes, eds.). Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.

Wobeser, G. 1981. Diseases of wild waterfowl. Plenum Press, New York, New York.