Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
Office in Butler, Oklahoma
Normal Seasonal Distribution
s - Spring - March-May
S - Summer - June-August
F - Fall - September-November
W - Winter - December-February
* - Known to nest in area
Frequency of Observations
a - abundant: a common species which is very numerous
c - common: certain to be seen in suitable habitat
u - uncommon: present, but not certain to be seen
o - occasional: seen only a few times during a season
r - rare: seen at intervals of 2 to 5 years
LOONS s S F W ___ Common Loon r - r o
GREBES s S F W ___ Pied-billed Grebe* c o c o ___ Horned Grebe o - r r ___ Eared Grebe o - o r ___ Western Grebe r - r r
PELICANS s S F W ___ American White Pelican o - o -
CORMORANTS s S F W ___ Double-crested Cormorant c - c o
BITTERNS, HERONS s S F W ___ American Bittern o o o - ___ Great Blue Heron* c c c o ___ Great Egret r - r - ___ Little Blue Heron o o o - ___ Green-backed Heron o o o - ___ Black-crowned Night-Heron* o o o - ___ Yellow-crowned Night-Heron r r r -
IBISES s S F W ___ White-faced Ibis o - o -
SWANS, GEESE AND DUCKS s S F W ___ Greater White-fronted Goose o - o - ___ Snow Goose o - o - ___ Ross' Goose r - r - ___ Canada Goose c - c c ___ Green-winged Teal c - c o ___ Mallard* o c o o ___ Northern Pintail* o o o o ___ Blue-winged Teal* c o c - ___ Cinnamon Teal o r o - ___ Northern Shoveler* c r c o ___ Gadwall o - o o ___ American Wigeon c - c o ___ Canvasback o - r r ___ Redhead* c r c - ___ Ring-necked Duck c r c r ___ Lesser Scaup c - c - ___ Common Goldeneye o - o r ___ Bufflehead o - o - ___ Hooded Merganser o - o r ___ Common Merganser c - c o ___ Red-breasted Merganser r - r r ___ Ruddy Duck* c r c r
AMERICAN VULTURES s S F W ___ Turkey Vulture* c c c o
KITES, EAGLES AND HAWKS s S F W ___ Osprey o - o - ___ Mississippi Kite* c c c - ___ Bald Eagle o - o o ___ Northern Harrier* c o c c ___ Sharp-shinned Hawk o - o r ___ Cooper's Hawk o - o r ___ Swainson's Hawk* c o c r ___ Red-tailed Hawk* c c c o ___ Ferruginous Hawk o r o o ___ Rough-legged Hawk r - r o ___ Golden Eagle* o o o o
FALCONS s S F W ___ American Kestrel* c o c c ___ Merlin o - o o ___ Prairie Falcon* o o o o
PHEASANTS, GROUSE, TURKEYS AND QUAIL s S F W ___ Ring-necked Pheasant* c c c c ___ Lesser Prairie-Chicken* r r r r ___ Wild Turkey* c c c c ___ Northern Bobwhite* c c c c ___ Scaled Quail* c c c c
RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS s S F W ___ King Rail* r r r - ___ Virginia Rail o - o - ___ Sora o - o - ___ Common Moorhen r r r - ___ American Coot* c o c o
CRANES s S F W ___ Sandhill Crane c - c -
PLOVERS s S F W ___ Black-bellied Plover o - o - ___ Lesser Golden-Plover o - o - ___ Snowy Plover* o c o - ___ Semipalmated Plover o - o - ___ Killdeer* c o o o ___ Mountain Plover o r o -
STILTS AND AVOCETS s S F W ___ Black-necked Stilt o - o - ___ American Avocet* o c o -
SANDPIPERS AND PHALAROPES s S F W ___ Greater Yellowlegs o - o - ___ Lesser Yellowlegs c r c - ___ Solitary Sandpiper o r o - ___ Willet c r o - ___ Spotted Sandpiper* c o c - ___ Upland Sandpiper* o o o - ___ Whimbrel r - r - ___ Long-billed Curlew* o r o - ___ Sanderling o - o - ___ Semipalmated Sandpiper o o o - ___ Western Sandpiper o r o - ___ Least Sandpiper r r r - ___ White-rumped Sandpiper r - r - ___ Baird's Sandpiper r - r - ___ Pectoral Sandpiper r - r - ___ Stilt Sandpiper r - r - ___ Long-billed Dowitcher u r u - ___ Common Snipe r - r o ___ Wilson's Phalarope c r c - ___ Red-necked Phalarope r - o -
GULLS AND TERNS s S F W ___ Franklin's Gull o o u - ___ Ring-billed Gull o - o o ___ Forster's Tern o - o - ___ Least Tern* c c - - ___ Black Tern o r o -
DOVES s S F W ___ Rock Dove* c c c c ___ Mourning Dove* a a a -
CUCKOOS AND ROADRUNNERS s S F W ___ Black-billed Cuckoo r r - - ___ Yellow-billed Cuckoo* o c c - ___ Greater Roadrunner* o o o o
BARN-OWLS s S F W ___ Common Barn Owl* r r r r
TYPICAL OWLS s S F W ___ Western Screech-Owl* o o o o ___ Great Horned Owl* c c c c ___ Burrowing Owl* o o o r ___ Long-eared Owl r - r r ___ Short-eared Owl o - o o
GOATSUCKERS s S F W ___ Common Nighthawk* c c c - ___ Common Poorwill o o o -
SWIFTS s S F W ___ Chimney Swift* c c c -
HUMMINGBIRDS s S F W ___ Ruby-throated Hummingbird r r r - ___ Black-chinned Hummingbird* o o o - ___ Rufous Hummingbird r r o -
KINGFISHERS s S F W ___ Belted Kingfisher* c c o r
WOODPECKERS s S F W ___ Red-headed Woodpecker* c c c - ___ Red-bellied Woodpecker* r r r r ___ Ladder-backed Woodpecker* u u u u ___ Downy Woodpecker* o o o r ___ Hairy Woodpecker* o o o r ___ Northern Flicker* c c c c
TYRANT FLYCATCHERS s S F W ___ Olive-sided Flycatcher o - o - ___ Western Wood-Pewee* o o o - ___ Willow Flycatcher* r r - - ___ Hammond's Flycatcher - - r - ___ Dusky Flycatcher - r - r ___ Eastern Flycatcher* o o o - ___ Say's Phoebe* o o o - ___ Vermilion Flycatcher* r r r - ___ Ash-throated Flycatcher* r r r - ___ Great-crested Flycatcher* o o o - ___ Cassin's Kingbird* o o o - ___ Western Kingbird* c a c - ___ Eastern Kingbird* c a c - ___ Scissor-tailed Flycatcher c c c -
LARKS s S F W ___ Horned Lark* c c c c
SWALLOWS s S F W ___ Purple Martin* r r - - ___ Northern Rough-winged Swallow* o o o - ___ Bank Swallow r - r - ___ Cliff Swallow c c c - ___ Barn Swallow* c c c -
JAYS AND CROWS s S F W ___ Steller's Jay r - r r ___ Blue Jay* o o o r ___ Scrub Jay r r r r ___ Pinyon Jay - - - r ___ Black-billed Magpie* c c c o ___ American Crow* o o o o ___ Chihuahuan Raven* c c c o
CHICKADEES s S F W ___ Carolina Chickadee r r r r
BUSHTITS ___ Bushtits* o o o o
NUTHATCHES s S F W ___ Red-breasted Nuthatch o - o o ___ White-breasted Nuthatch r r r r
CREEPERS s S F W ___ Brown Creeper o - o o
WRENS s S F W ___ Rock Wren* r r r r ___ Canyon Wren* r r r r ___ Bewick's Wren* o o o o ___ House Wren* o r o - ___ Sedge Wren o - o - ___ Marsh Wren o - o -
KINGLETS & GNATCATCHERS s S F W ___ Golden-crowned Kinglet o - o o ___ Ruby-crowned Kinglet o - o - ___ Blue-gray Gnatcatcher* o r o -
THRUSHES s S F W ___ Eastern Bluebird* r r r r ___ Mountain Bluebird o r o o ___ Townsend's Solitaire r r r r ___ Gray-cheeked Thrush r - - - ___ Swainson's Thrush o - o - ___ Hermit Thrush r - r r ___ American Robin* c o c o
THRASHERS AND MOCKINGBIRDS s S F W ___ Gray Catbird* o o o - ___ Northern Mockingbird* c c c r ___ Brown Thrasher* o o o r ___ Curve-billed Thrasher* r r r r
PIPITS s S F W ___ Sprague's Pipit r - r -
WAXWINGS s S F W ___ Bohemian Waxwing r - r r ___ Cedar Waxwing* o r o o
SHRIKES s S F W ___ Northern Shrike - - - r ___ Loggerhead Shrike* c c c c
STARLINGS s S F W ___ European Starling* c c c c
VIREOS s S F W ___ Bell's Vireo* r r r - ___ Solitary Vireo o - o - ___ Warbling Vireo* o o r - ___ Red-eyed Vireo o - o -
WOOD-WARBLERS s S F W ___ Tennessee Warbler r - r - ___ Orange-crowned Warbler r - r - ___ Yellow Warbler* o o o - ___ Chesnut-sided Warbler r - r - ___ Black-throated Blue Warbler r - r - ___ Yellow-rumped Warbler c - c o ___ Black-throated Gray Warbler r - r - ___ Black-throated Green Warbler o - o - ___ Black-and-White Warbler o - o - ___ American Redstart o - o - ___ Ovenbird o - o - ___ Northern Waterthrush o - o - ___ Mourning Warbler o - o - ___ MacGillivray's Warbler o - o - ___ Common Yellowthroat* c o c - ___ Hooded Warbler r - r - ___ Yellow-breasted Chat* r r r -
TANAGERS s S F W ___ Western Tanager r - r -
CARDINALS AND GROSBEAKS s S F W ___ Northern Cardinal* o o o o ___ Rose-breasted Grosbeak r - r - ___ Black-headed Grosbeak u - u - ___ Blue Grosbeak* o o o - ___ Lazuli Bunting* o o o - ___ Dickcissel* o o o -
SPARROWS s S F W ___ Green-tailed Towhee* o r o - ___ Rufous-sided Towhee o - o o ___ Cassin's Sparrow* o o o - ___ Rufous-crowned Sparrow* o o o o ___ American Tree Sparrow o - o o ___ Clay-colored Sparrow o - o - ___ Brewer's Sparrow o - r - ___ Field Sparrow o o o o ___ Vesper Sparrow o r o - ___ Lark Sparrow* c c c - ___ Savannah Sparrow o - o r ___ Grasshopper Sparrow* c c c - ___ Song Sparrow o - o o ___ Lincoln's Sparrow o - o r ___ White-throated Sparrow r - r r ___ White-crowned Sparrow c - c o ___ Harris' Sparrow r - r r ___ Dark-eyed Junco c - c c ___ McCown's Longspur o - o o ___ Lapland Longspur c - c c ___ Chestnut-collared Longspur o - o o
BLACKBIRDS AND ORIOLES s S F W ___ Bobolink r - r - ___ Red-winged Blackbird* a a a c ___ Eastern Meadowlark* o o o o ___ Western Meadowlark* a a a a ___ Yellow-headed Blackbird* o r o - ___ Rusty Blackbird o - o o ___ Brewer's Blackbird o - o c ___ Great-tailed Grackle o r o - ___ Common Grackle* c c c c ___ Brown-headed Cowbird* c c c o ___ Orchard Oriole* o o o - ___ Northern Oriole* c c c -
FINCHES s S F W ___ Cassin's Finch r - - r ___ House Finch* c c c c ___ Red Crossbill r - r r ___ Pine Siskin c r c c ___ Lesser Goldfinch r r r r ___ American Goldfinch o r o o ___ Evening Grosbeak r - r r
OLD WORLD SPARROWS s S F W ___ House Sparrow* c c c c
FIELD NOTES Date: ________________________________ Species: ______________________________ Time: _________________________________________________________________________ Observers: ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Weather: ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Remarks: ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
Refuge Manager
Optima National Wildlife Refuge
Route 1, Box 68
Butler, Oklahoma 73625
Telephone: 405/664-2205
This resource is based on the following source:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1986. Birds of the Optima National Wildlife
Refuge, Oklahoma. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Unpaginated.
This resource should be cited as:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1986. Birds of the Optima National Wildlife
Refuge, Oklahoma. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Unpaginated.
Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online.
http://www.npwrc.usgs.govoptima.htm
(Version 22MAY98).
U.S. Department of the Interior |
U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/birds/chekbird/r2/optima.htm
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Page Last Modified: Friday, 01-Feb-2013 18:45:52 EST
Menlo Park, CA [caww54]