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Changes in Breeding Bird Populations in
North Dakota: 1967 to 1992-93

Table 1

Table 1. Breeding bird populations in 128 randomly selected quarter-sections in North Dakota.

Species^a	No. indicated pairs			Migratory status^b	Breeding habitat^c	Population change^d	BBS trend^e
Species^a	1967	1992	1993	Migratory status^b	Breeding habitat^c	Population change^d	BBS trend^e
Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) ***	11	4	7	SDM	WETL	NC	-7.55 DD
Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus) ***	2	1	0	SDM	WETL	NC	-0.22
Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena) ***	0	1	1	SDM	WETL	NC	NA
Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) ***	40	48	22	SDM	WETL	NC	-1.28
Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) ***	0	2	1	SDM	WETL	NC	-28.08 DD
American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) **	0	0	2	SDM	WETL	NC	-6.45 D
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) **	0	1	10	SDM	WETL	NC	-3.51
American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) ***	9	2	8	LDM	WETL	NC	-3.54 DDD
Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) **	2	1	3	SDM	WETL	NC	+1.00
Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) ***	17	5	5	SDM	WETL	NC	-4.76 DD
Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) *	0	11	28	SDM	WETL	NC	+9.45 III
Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) *	1	2	12	SDM	WETL	NC	+0.80
Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca) **	45	11	44	SDM	WETL	NC	-0.64
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) *	212	113	200	SDM	WETL	NC	+1.01
Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) *	171	23	58	SDM	WETL	D	-3.68
Cinnamon Teal (Anas cyanoptera) **	0	1	0	LDM	WETL	NC	NA
Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) **	286	99	145	LDM	WETL	D	-3.20 DDD
Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) **	87	25	52	SDM	WETL	D	+0.05
Gadwall (Anas strepera) **	96	111	118	SDM	WETL	NC	+0.36
American Wigeon (Anas americana) **	25	22	32	SDM	WETL	NC	-3.75 DD
Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) **	10	4	5	SDM	WETL	NC	-1.58
Redhead (Aythya americana) ***	27	19	42	SDM	WETL	NC	-2.96
Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris) **	2	0	1	SDM	WETL	NC	-10.88 DDD
Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) ***	3	4	4	SDM	WETL	NC	-0.63
Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) ***	0	0	1	SDM	WETL	NC	-4.65 DD
Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) *	0	0	2	SDM	WETL	NC	+0.91 III
Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) ***	36	56	23	SDM	WETL	NC	-3.20
Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) **	2	0	1	SDM	OPWO	NC	+4.12
Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus) **	15	21	34	SDM	GRAS	NC	+1.76
Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) **	0	1	0	SDM	WOOD	NC	-1.74 D
Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) **	3	2	8	SDM	WOOD	NC	+3.76 III
Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) **	0	1	1	LDM	WOOD	NC	NA
Swainson's Hawk (Buteo swainsoni) **	7	14	25	LDM	OPTR	I	+3.04 III
Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) **	7	11	16	SDM	OPTR	NC	+1.61
Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis) **	4	4	8	SDM	GRAS	NC	+2.51
Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) *	0	2	3	SDM	OTHR	I	+0.80
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) **	5	10	11	SDM	OPTR	NC	+3.37
Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus) **	0	3	3	SDM	OTHR	I	+0.34
Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix) *	17	40	36	RES	GRAS	I	+3.97 III
Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) *	3	24	51	RES	GRAS	I	+4.24 III
Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) *	18	46	32	RES	GRAS	I	+5.30 II
Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) *	0	0	3	RES	OPWO	NC	+6.66 III
Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis) ***	0	1	0	SDM	WETL	NC	+0.93 I
Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) ***	3	5	2	SDM	WETL	NC	-0.37
Sora (Porzana carolina) ***	32	41	78	SDM	WETL	NC	-3.11 DDD
American Coot (Fulica americana) **	348	76	124	SDM	WETL	D	-7.53 DDD
Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) **	5	2	1	SDM	WETL	NC	NA
Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) *	105	112	142	SDM	WETL	NC	-1.65 D
American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) **	14	6	13	SDM	WETL	NC	+0.19
Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) **	18	16	27	LDM	WETL	NC	-0.77
Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia) ***	12	12	9	LDM	WETL	NC	-0.33
Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) **	63	106	89	LDM	GRAS	I	+4.85 III
Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa) *	17	8	14	SDM	GRAS	NC	+1.66
Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) **	0	2	7	SDM	WETL	I	+5.93
Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) **	73	30	36	LDM	WETL	D	-6.43 DDD
Franklin's Gull (Larus pipixcan) **	22	79	56	LDM	WETL	NC	-9.11 D
Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) **	1	49	11	SDM	WETL	I	-5.25
California Gull (Larus californicus) **	0	0	2	SDM	WETL	NC	-5.80 DDD
Forster's Tern (Sterna forsteri) **	3	6	4	SDM	WETL	NC	-0.20
Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) **	6	6	3	LDM	WETL	NC	-0.00
Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) ***	118	39	39	LDM	WETL	D	-5.69 D
Rock Dove (Columba livia) *	0	23	12	RES	RESI	I	+1.60
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) **	292	339	337	SDM	OPWO	NC	+3.70 III
Black-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus erythropthalmus) ***	7	30	10	LDM	WOOD	NC	+2.08
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) *	2	4	9	RES	OPWO	NC	+2.88 III
Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia) **	3	3	2	LDM	GRAS	NC	-0.86
Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) **	0	1	1	SDM	OPWO	NC	NA
Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) *	0	1	1	SDM	GRAS	NC	+1.65
Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) ***	10	12	16	LDM	OPWO	NC	+0.58
Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica) ***	1	0	3	LDM	RESI	NC	+5.21 III
Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) ***	0	4	0	LDM	OPWO	NC	NA
Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) **	0	1	1	SDM	WETL	NC	-0.46
Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) ***	2	9	7	SDM	OPWO	I	-0.70
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) **	0	0	2	SDM	WOOD	NC	+0.76
Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) **	0	9	21	RES	OPWO	I	+1.88 III
Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) **	2	12	11	RES	OPWO	I	+0.93
Yellow-shafted Flicker (Colaptes auratus auratus) **	40	25	35	SDM	OPWO	NC	-3.85 DDD
Red-shafted Flicker (Colaptes auratus cafer) **	12	5	4	SDM	OPWO	NC	-0.82
Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) **	0	0	1	RES	WOOD	NC	+1.12
Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) ***	2	10	7	LDM	WOOD	NC	-1.46
Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) ***	0	0	1	LDM	SHRU	NC	+3.34
Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) ***	30	17	37	LDM	SHRU	NC	+1.63
Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) ***	23	52	81	LDM	OPWO	I	+1.99
Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) ***	2	2	3	SDM	OPWO	NC	+0.78
Say's Phoebe (Sayornis saya) ***	6	4	17	SDM	RESI	NC	+2.51 I
Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus) ***	3	8	13	LDM	WOOD	NC	+1.18
Western Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis) ***	103	194	177	LDM	OPTR	I	+5.99 III
Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) ***	167	322	245	LDM	OPTR	I	+6.47 III
Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) *	1253	1093	1661	SDM	GRAS	NC	+0.30
Purple Martin (Progne subis) ***	2	1	0	LDM	RESI	NC	-0.01
Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) ***	3	5	12	SDM	WETL	NC	+2.64
No. Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis) ***	7	1	3	LDM	OTHR	NC	+0.81
Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia) ***	77	112	61	LDM	OTHR	NC	-0.30
Cliff Swallow (Hirundo pyrrhonota) ***	152	343	226	LDM	RESI	NC	+7.23 II
Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) ***	96	187	194	LDM	RESI	I	+2.31 III
Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) ***	14	27	31	SDM	OPWO	I	+1.66 I
Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica) *	20	15	15	RES	OPTR	NC	-8.36 DD
American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) *	28	13	27	SDM	OPWO	NC	+0.26
Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus) ***	3	28	31	RES	OPWO	I	+1.27
White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) ***	3	7	9	RES	OPWO	NC	-0.61
Rock Wren (Salpinctes obsoletus) ***	10	23	27	SDM	OTHR	I	+8.64
House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) ***	52	219	209	LDM	OPWO	I	+3.55 III
Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis) ***	10	20	37	SDM	GRAS	NC	+0.95
Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris) ***	51	113	153	SDM	WETL	NC	+5.02
Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) **	0	4	5	SDM	OPWO	I	+0.48
Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides) **	8	15	20	SDM	OPWO	NC	+3.88
Veery (Catharus fuscescens) ***	11	5	3	LDM	WOOD	NC	-2.99
American Robin (Turdus migratorius) **	67	117	123	SDM	OPWO	I	+3.51 III
Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) ***	48	44	38	LDM	SHRU	NC	-1.14
Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum) ***	42	85	104	SDM	SHRU	I	+2.19 III
Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii) **	7	13	19	SDM	GRAS	NC	-2.43 DD
Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) ***	23	129	43	SDM	OPWO	NC	+3.20 I
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) **	8	16	15	SDM	SHRU	I	-0.41
European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) *	12	47	40	SDM	RESI	NC	+0.18
Yellow-throated Vireo (Vireo flavifrons) ***	0	0	2	LDM	WOOD	NC	+1.65
Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) ***	19	23	41	LDM	OPWO	NC	+5.06 III
Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) ***	13	20	42	LDM	WOOD	NC	+0.19
Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia) ***	3	7	21	LDM	OPWO	NC	-1.81
Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) ***	102	90	105	LDM	OPWO	NC	-0.08
Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) ***	0	0	2	LDM	OPWO	NC	NA
American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) ***	13	10	20	LDM	OPWO	NC	+0.48
Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) ***	6	20	29	LDM	WOOD	NC	+0.47
Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis) ***	2	0	0	LDM	WOOD	D	NA
Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia) ***	0	1	1	LDM	OPWO	NC	NA
Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) ***	134	91	175	LDM	WETL	NC	-1.50 D
Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens) ***	6	6	11	LDM	SHRU	NC	+1.76
Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) ***	2	3	5	LDM	OPWO	NC	+0.14
Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus) **	5	5	3	LDM	OPWO	NC	+1.37
Blue Grosbeak (Guiraca caerulea) ***	1	1	0	LDM	SHRU	NC	NA
Lazuli Bunting (Passerina amoena) ***	8	12	17	LDM	SHRU	NC	+6.20 II
Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) ***	2	2	3	LDM	OPWO	NC	+3.92 II
Dickcissel (Spiza americana) ***	63	34	14	LDM	GRAS	NC	-2.64
Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus) ***	94	83	118	SDM	OPWO	NC	+0.43
Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) ***	22	51	70	LDM	OPWO	I	+5.29 III
Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) ***	364	261	289	LDM	SHRU	NC	-3.51 DD
Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri) ***	2	1	3	LDM	SHRU	NC	+1.57
Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla) ***	49	65	74	SDM	SHRU	NC	+3.58
Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) ***	195	224	393	SDM	GRAS	NC	+2.49 III
Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus) **	40	52	41	LDM	OPTR	NC	+0.42
Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) ***	604	679	298	LDM	GRAS	NC	-3.40 D
Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) **	516	134	276	SDM	GRAS	D	-2.78 D
Baird's Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii) **	170	77	125	LDM	GRAS	NC	-2.75
Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) ***	301	402	449	LDM	GRAS	I	-5.24 DDD
Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii) ***	6	2	14	SDM	GRAS	NC	-5.02
Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow (Ammodramus nelsoni) ***	3	3	13	SDM	WETL	NC	+1.15 D
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) **	55	100	130	SDM	SHRU	I	-1.56
McCown's Longspur (Calcarius mccownii) **	22	2	1	SDM	GRAS	D	-2.27
Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus) **	1129	602	755	SDM	GRAS	D	-0.10
Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) ***	216	186	172	LDM	GRAS	NC	-0.55
Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) **	945	597	710	SDM	WETL	D	-2.46 DDD
Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) *	0	0	1	SDM	GRAS	NC	+1.75
Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) *	926	487	646	SDM	GRAS	D	+0.56
Yellow-headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) **	89	155	175	LDM	WETL	NC	+0.65
Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) **	19	47	83	SDM	SHRU	I	+6.49 II
Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) **	140	300	299	SDM	OPTR	I	+4.71 III
Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) **	460	643	610	SDM	OPWO	I	+3.09 III
Orchard Oriole (Icterus spurius) ***	18	33	40	LDM	OPWO	I	+7.99
Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) ***	21	48	38	LDM	OPWO	I	+2.37
Bullock's Oriole (Icterus bullockii) ***	0	0	2	LDM	OPWO	NC	+4.30
Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus) *	0	0	14	SDM	WOOD	NC	-0.63
American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) ***	106	146	132	SDM	SHRU	NC	+2.13
House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) *	96	181	174	RES	RESI	I	+2.48

^aAsterisks following species names indicate peak breeding period during which counts were made: * early-nesting species, peak breeding period 24 April to 7 June; ** mid-nesting species, peak breeding period 14 May to 10 July; *** late-nesting species, peak breeding period 22 May to 21 July.

^bLDM: Long-distance migrant; SDM: Short-distance migrant; RES: Permanent resident.

^cBreeding habitat associations defined as: GRAS: Grassland; WETL: Wetland; WOOD: Woodland; SHRU: Shrubland; OPTR: Open habitat with scattered trees or shrubs; OPWO: Open or semi-open deciduous woodland and edge; RESI: Residential (rural development, urban, human-made structures); OTHR: Other habitats (mostly unvegetated habitats including clay buttes, cliffs, banks).

^dPopulation change when the difference between 1967 and 1992 estimates (Appendix B) and the difference between 1967 and 1993 estimates were both significant at P </= 0.10 and only if both differences were in the same direction: D = decreasing, and I = increasing.

^eAverage percent annual change on Breeding Bird Survey routes in North Dakota between 1967 and 1993: D = (decreasing) at P < 0.10, DD = at P < 0.05, and DDD = at P < 0.01; I = (increasing) at P < 0.10, II = at P < 0.05, and III = at P < 0.01; NA = not available.

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Changes in Breeding Bird Populations in North Dakota: 1967 to 1992-93

Table 1

Changes in Breeding Bird Populations in
North Dakota: 1967 to 1992-93