Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center

Evaluation of the Bird Conservation Area Concept in the Northern Tallgrass Prairie Annual Report: 1999

Table 2

**Table 2.** Mean bird density/100 ha (± standard error) in small and large plots in neutral and hostile landscapes by region. Bird species are ordered by systematics.
Species	Crookston	Glyndon	Sheyenne
Sandhill Crane	0	2.9 ± 2.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mallard	0	0	0	0	2.0 ± 2.0	0	1.2 ± 1.2	1.6 ± 1.6	0	5.0 ± 3.6	10.7 ± 7.4
Blue-winged Teal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.5 ± 1.5	0
Northern Shoveler	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.5 ± 1.5	0
Northern Pintail	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.1 ± 2.1
Yellow Rail	0	0	1.6 ± 1.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Virginia Rail	0	0	0	0	2.4 ± 2.4	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sora	0	0	0	0	4.8 ± 4.8	0	0	0	0	3.8 ± 2.5	2.4 ± 2.4
Marbled Godwit	0	0	1.6 ± 1.6	0	0	7.4 ± 7.4	3.1 ± 3.1	0	0	3.1 ± 3.1	0
Wilson's Phalarope	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	13.1 ± 13.1	8.0 ± 5.2
Killdeer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3.8 ± 2.5	2.4 ± 2.4
Common Snipe	0	0	1.6 ± 1.6	2.8 ± 2.8	0	0	0	1.6 ± 1.6	0	2.5 ± 2.5	2.1 ± 2.1
Upland Sandpiper	0	0	1.6 ± 1.6	2.7 ± 2.7	0	7.4 ± 7.4	5.0 ± 2.3	1.6 ± 1.6	0	6.2 ± 0.0	4.5 ± 2.2
Red-tailed Hawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.1 ± 2.1	0	0	0
Northern Harrier	0	0	3.1 ± 1.8	0	0	0	0	1.6 ± 1.6	0	0	0
Greater Prairie-Chicken	0	0	0	0	0	0	9.2 ± 4.6	1.6 ± 1.6	0	0	0
Wild Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3.6 ± 3.6	0	0
Pileated Woodpecker	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3.6 ± 3.6	0	0
Northern Flicker	0	8.3 ± 8.3	0	2.8 ± 2.8	0	6.1 ± 6.1	0	1.6 ± 1.6	0	1.2 ± 1.2	2.1 ± 2.1
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3.6 ± 3.6	0	0
Eastern Kingbird	4.2 ± 4.2	14.0 ± 8.4	1.6 ± 1.6	0	11.9 ± 6.2	18.5 ± 9.8	3.8 ± 2.5	3.6 ± 2.1	16.0 ± 9.4	2.5 ± 1.5	6.8 ± 4.1
Eastern Phoebe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	16.7 ± 16.7	0	0
Willow Flycatcher	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.2 ± 1.2	0	0	0	0
Alder Flycatcher	0	0	0	0	0	11.1 ± 11.1	1.2 ± 1.2	0	0	0	0
Barn Swallow	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.2 ± 1.2	0	0	0	0
Cliff Swallow	0	0	0	2.7 ± 2.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Crow	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.2 ± 1.2	2.4 ± 2.4
Marsh Wren	0	0	0	5.3 ± 5.3	10.0 ± 7.2	0	0	0	0	2.5 ± 2.5	0
Sedge Wren	61.1 ± 29.1	19.0 ± 12.6	45.3 ± 20.9	35.3 ± 17.8	33.9 ± 20.0	22.2 ± 22.2	50.8 ± 12.9	95.6 ± 20.8	0	21.2 ± 16.7	2.4 ± 2.4
American Robin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.2 ± 1.2	0	0	0	0
Gray Catbird	4.2 ± 4.2	0	0	0	2.4 ± 2.4	0	0	0	0	0	0
Warbling Vireo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.6 ± 1.6	0	0	0
Yellow Warbler	0	0	1.6 ± 1.6	0	7.7 ± 5.1	33.3 ± 33.3	8.8 ± 4.7	0	0	0	0
Common Yellowthroat	8.3 ± 8.3	6.7 ± 6.7	4.7 ± 3.0	8.3 ± 4.8	17.8 ± 9.0	11.1 ± 11.1	14.2 ± 5.2	23.7 ± 7.8	6.9 ± 6.9	1.2 ± 1.2	11.0 ± 2.4
Grasshopper Sparrow	0	15.2 ± 15.2	1.6 ± 1.6	13.3 ± 13.3	6.3 ± 6.3	0	37.5 ± 25.2	0	72.3 ± 32.1	55.0 ± 22.5	66.1 ± 18.6
Le Conte's Sparrow	76.4 ± 11.2	60.2 ± 27.8	75.0 ± 14.7	47.1 ± 21.8	30.4 ± 14.9	46.8 ± 21.5	60.4 ± 19.5	41.7 ± 8.3	9.1 ± 9.1	35.0 ± 13.9	2.4 ± 2.4
Vesper Sparrow	0	0	0	2.7 ± 2.7	0	0	0	0	30.2 ± 10.1	0	4.5 ± 2.2
Savannah Sparrow	133.3 ± 34.0	104.0 ± 30.6	139.1 ± 12.6	96.9 ± 41.2	89.9 ± 10.8	45.1 ± 26.2	93.8 ± 30.0	35.4 ± 4.4	6.9 ± 6.9	126.2 ± 18.8	51.8 ± 25.1
Song Sparrow	0	0	0	2.8 ± 2.80	10.8 ± 5.5	41.8 ± 13.1	6.2 ± 3.4	10.0 ± 1.7	0	0	2.4 ± 2.4
Chipping Sparrow	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	16.7 ± 16.7	0	0
Lark Sparrow	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	39.2 ± 14.9	0	0
Field Sparrow	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10.3 ± 10.3	0	0
Clay-colored Sparrow	26.4 ± 4.2	139.9 ± 27.5	42.2 ± 22.7	95.3 ± 22.5	79.6 ± 21.3	130.0 ± 10.1	37.5 ± 16.4	96.0 ± 21.4	82.1 ± 30.4	2.5 ± 1.5	30.4 ± 24.4
Swamp Sparrow	0	0	0	2.8 ± 2.8	2.9 ± 2.9	0	2.5 ± 1.5	0	0	0	0
Nelson's Sharp- tailed Sparrow	4.2 ± 4.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bobolink female	11.1 ± 11.1	2.9 ± 2.9	20.3 ± 11.2	27.0 ± 14.7	20.8 ± 9.2	0	26.7 ± 9.1	19.3 ± 11.3	23.6 ± 15.8	8.8 ± 3.2	29.2 ± 20.5
Bobolink male	22.2 ± 13.6	23.6 ± 8.0	62.5 ± 7.7	41.0 ± 4.2	67.3 ± 23.1	28.3 ± 19.9	70.4 ± 11.6	61.2 ± 20.6	37.4 ± 21.8	27.5 ± 10.0	48.8 ± 25.6
Western Meadowlark	13.9 ± 8.3	0	4.7 ± 1.6	0	3.5 ± 2.3	0	10.4 ± 1.3	0	19.6 ± 7.9	21.2 ± 3.2	17.6 ± 5.7
Red-winged Blackbird	16.7 ± 11.8	0	3.1 ± 3.1	0	94.2 ± 24.9	0	7.1 ± 4.4	0	3.4 ± 3.4	43.8 ± 15.9	42.9 ± 23.0
Yellow-headed Blackbird	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3.8 ± 3.8	0
Brewer's Blackbird	5.6 ± 5.6	0	0	0	0	24.2 ± 24.2	2.9 ± 1.8	0	0	2.5 ± 2.5	8.6 ± 5.5
Brown-headed Cowbird female	4.2 ± 4.2	0	1.6 ± 1.6	0	0	6.1 ± 6.1	1.7 ± 1.7	1.6 ± 1.6	0	2.5 ± 1.5	2.1 ± 2.1
Brown-headed Cowbird male	4.2 ± 4.2	0	0	0	0	0	6.7 ± 2.0	0	0	2.5 ± 1.5	2.4 ± 2.4
Common Grackle	0	0	0	0	4.8 ± 4.8	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Goldfinch	0	8.9 ± 5.8	4.7 ± 3.0	16.6 ± 8.4	10.0 ± 5.5	10.7 ± 8.5	7.5 ± 3.6	12.0 ± 10.0	50.0 ± 50.0	0	9.5 ± 9.5
Total number of species	15	12	19	17	21	16	26	19	19	27	26

Table 2. Mean bird density/100 ha (± standard error) in small and large plots in neutral and hostile landscapes by region. Bird species are ordered by systematics.

Species

Crookston

Glyndon

Sheyenne

Small

Large

Small

Large

Small

Large

Neutral N=4

Hostile N=4

Neutral N=5

Hostile N=3

Neutral N=6

Hostile N=3

Neutral N=5

Hostile N=4

Neutral N=4

Hostile N=3

Sandhill Crane

2.9 ± 2.9

Mallard

2.0 ± 2.0

1.2 ± 1.2

1.6 ± 1.6

5.0 ± 3.6

10.7 ± 7.4

Blue-winged Teal

2.5 ± 1.5

Northern Shoveler

2.5 ± 1.5

Northern Pintail

2.1 ± 2.1

Yellow Rail

1.6 ± 1.6

Virginia Rail

2.4 ± 2.4

Sora

4.8 ± 4.8

3.8 ± 2.5

2.4 ± 2.4

Marbled Godwit

1.6 ± 1.6

7.4 ± 7.4

3.1 ± 3.1

Wilson's Phalarope

13.1 ± 13.1

8.0 ± 5.2

Killdeer

3.8 ± 2.5

2.4 ± 2.4

Common Snipe

1.6 ± 1.6

2.8 ± 2.8

1.6 ± 1.6

2.5 ± 2.5

2.1 ± 2.1

Upland Sandpiper

1.6 ± 1.6

2.7 ± 2.7

7.4 ± 7.4

5.0 ± 2.3

1.6 ± 1.6

6.2 ± 0.0

4.5 ± 2.2

Red-tailed Hawk

2.1 ± 2.1

Northern Harrier

3.1 ± 1.8

1.6 ± 1.6

Greater Prairie-Chicken

9.2 ± 4.6

1.6 ± 1.6

Wild Turkey

3.6 ± 3.6

Pileated Woodpecker

3.6 ± 3.6

Northern Flicker

8.3 ± 8.3

2.8 ± 2.8

6.1 ± 6.1

1.6 ± 1.6

1.2 ± 1.2

2.1 ± 2.1

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker

3.6 ± 3.6

Eastern Kingbird

4.2 ± 4.2

14.0 ± 8.4

1.6 ± 1.6

11.9 ± 6.2

18.5 ± 9.8

3.8 ± 2.5

3.6 ± 2.1

16.0 ± 9.4

2.5 ± 1.5

6.8 ± 4.1

Eastern Phoebe

16.7 ± 16.7

Willow Flycatcher

1.2 ± 1.2

Alder Flycatcher

11.1 ± 11.1

1.2 ± 1.2

Barn Swallow

1.2 ± 1.2

Cliff Swallow

2.7 ± 2.7

American Crow

1.2 ± 1.2

2.4 ± 2.4

Marsh Wren

5.3 ± 5.3

10.0 ± 7.2

2.5 ± 2.5

Sedge Wren

61.1 ± 29.1

19.0 ± 12.6

45.3 ± 20.9

35.3 ± 17.8

33.9 ± 20.0

22.2 ± 22.2

50.8 ± 12.9

95.6 ± 20.8

21.2 ± 16.7

2.4 ± 2.4

American Robin

1.2 ± 1.2

Gray Catbird

4.2 ± 4.2

2.4 ± 2.4

Warbling Vireo

1.6 ± 1.6

Yellow Warbler

1.6 ± 1.6

7.7 ± 5.1

33.3 ± 33.3

8.8 ± 4.7

Common Yellowthroat

8.3 ± 8.3

6.7 ± 6.7

4.7 ± 3.0

8.3 ± 4.8

17.8 ± 9.0

11.1 ± 11.1

14.2 ± 5.2

23.7 ± 7.8

6.9 ± 6.9

1.2 ± 1.2

11.0 ± 2.4

Grasshopper Sparrow

15.2 ± 15.2

1.6 ± 1.6

13.3 ± 13.3

6.3 ± 6.3

37.5 ± 25.2

72.3 ± 32.1

55.0 ± 22.5

66.1 ± 18.6

Le Conte's Sparrow

76.4 ± 11.2

60.2 ± 27.8

75.0 ± 14.7

47.1 ± 21.8

30.4 ± 14.9

46.8 ± 21.5

60.4 ± 19.5

41.7 ± 8.3

9.1 ± 9.1

35.0 ± 13.9

2.4 ± 2.4

Vesper Sparrow

2.7 ± 2.7

30.2 ± 10.1

4.5 ± 2.2

Savannah Sparrow

133.3 ± 34.0

104.0 ± 30.6

139.1 ± 12.6

96.9 ± 41.2

89.9 ± 10.8

45.1 ± 26.2

93.8 ± 30.0

35.4 ± 4.4

6.9 ± 6.9

126.2 ± 18.8

51.8 ± 25.1

Song Sparrow

2.8 ± 2.80

10.8 ± 5.5

41.8 ± 13.1

6.2 ± 3.4

10.0 ± 1.7

2.4 ± 2.4

Chipping Sparrow

16.7 ± 16.7

Lark Sparrow

39.2 ± 14.9

Field Sparrow

10.3 ± 10.3

Clay-colored Sparrow

26.4 ± 4.2

139.9 ± 27.5

42.2 ± 22.7

95.3 ± 22.5

79.6 ± 21.3

130.0 ± 10.1

37.5 ± 16.4

96.0 ± 21.4

82.1 ± 30.4

2.5 ± 1.5

30.4 ± 24.4

Swamp Sparrow

2.8 ± 2.8

2.9 ± 2.9

2.5 ± 1.5

Nelson's Sharp- tailed Sparrow

4.2 ± 4.2

Bobolink female

11.1 ± 11.1

2.9 ± 2.9

20.3 ± 11.2

27.0 ± 14.7

20.8 ± 9.2

26.7 ± 9.1

19.3 ± 11.3

23.6 ± 15.8

8.8 ± 3.2

29.2 ± 20.5

Bobolink male

22.2 ± 13.6

23.6 ± 8.0

62.5 ± 7.7

41.0 ± 4.2

67.3 ± 23.1

28.3 ± 19.9

70.4 ± 11.6

61.2 ± 20.6

37.4 ± 21.8

27.5 ± 10.0

48.8 ± 25.6

Western Meadowlark

13.9 ± 8.3

4.7 ± 1.6

3.5 ± 2.3

10.4 ± 1.3

19.6 ± 7.9

21.2 ± 3.2

17.6 ± 5.7

Red-winged Blackbird

16.7 ± 11.8

3.1 ± 3.1

94.2 ± 24.9

7.1 ± 4.4

3.4 ± 3.4

43.8 ± 15.9

42.9 ± 23.0

Yellow-headed Blackbird

3.8 ± 3.8

Brewer's Blackbird

5.6 ± 5.6

24.2 ± 24.2

2.9 ± 1.8

2.5 ± 2.5

8.6 ± 5.5

Brown-headed Cowbird female

4.2 ± 4.2

1.6 ± 1.6

6.1 ± 6.1

1.7 ± 1.7

1.6 ± 1.6

2.5 ± 1.5

2.1 ± 2.1

Brown-headed Cowbird male

4.2 ± 4.2

6.7 ± 2.0

2.5 ± 1.5

2.4 ± 2.4

Common Grackle

4.8 ± 4.8

American Goldfinch

8.9 ± 5.8

4.7 ± 3.0

16.6 ± 8.4

10.0 ± 5.5

10.7 ± 8.5

7.5 ± 3.6

12.0 ± 10.0

50.0 ± 50.0

9.5 ± 9.5

Total number of species

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