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Breeding Range. (Fig. 137). Abundant in the wooded deltaic sand area of western Pembina County; common in the Turtle Mountains, Pembina Hills (within Cavalier, Pembina, and Walsh Counties), wooded hills and lake shores of the Devils Lake area (southern Ramsey County and eastern Benson County), in wooded valleys along the Red River and its tributaries (including stretch of the Sheyenne River extending upstream nearly to Sheyenne), along the James River (below Jamestown), and along the Missouri River below Garrison Dam (including lower portions of larger tributaries); fairly common in wooded valleys along the Mouse and Des Lacs rivers (within McHenry, Ward, and Renville Counties), along the Missouri River and adjoining tributaries above the mouth of the Little Missouri River, and along the Little Missouri River (extending upstream to northwestern Bowman County); uncommon and local elsewhere throughout the state.

Breeding Habitat. Characteristic of open stands of deciduous trees, including such species as quaking aspen, cottonwood, and American elm. Natural deciduous woodlands that are inhabited occur on river floodplains and on the uplands. Open tree growth established by man, including tree claims, mature shelterbelts, and habitation areas in towns and on farmsteads also are utilized.

Nesting. Probable breeding season: Late May to late July. Extreme egg dates (3 nests): June 9 [1897] in Rolette County (E. T. Judd) to June 19 [1905] in Nelson County (Bishop egg collection catalog, Peabody Museum). During 1967-1969, four active nests were found in the Turtle Mountains by Calvin Cink.

Three nests were situated from 12 to 20 feet above the ground in small trees including a balsam poplar, American elm, and bur oak.

Indicated clutch size (3 nests): 3 to 4 eggs; mean, 3.7 eggs.

Figure 137. Breeding Range of Warbling Vireo.