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Breeding Birds of North Dakota

Appendix A

Common and Scientific Names of Plants Referred To in Text

[Names taken from eighth edition of Gray's Manual of Botany (Fernald 1950) except for a few western species which are taken from the Handbook of North Dakota Plants (Stevens 1963).]

Absinth (Artemisia absinthium)

Alfalfa (Medicago saliva)

Alkali bulrush (Scirpus paludosus)

Alkaligrass (Puccinellia nuttalliana)

Alumroot (Heuchera richardsonii)

American elm (Ulmus americana)

American hazelnut (Corylus americana)

Aromatic aster (Aster oblongifolius)

Arrowleaf aster (Aster sagittifolius)

Arumleaf arrowhead (Sagittaria cuneata)

Ball cactus (Mamillaria vivipara)

Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)

Baltic rush (Juncus balticus)

Baneberry (Actuea rubra)

Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Basswood (Tilia americana)

Bastard toadflax (Comandra pallida)

Beaked hazelnut (Corylus cornuta)

Beaked sedge (Carex rostrata)

Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)

Biennial wormwood (Artemisia biennia)

Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi)

Big sandgrass (Calamovilfa longifolia)

Bigsheath pondweed (Potamogeton vaginatus)

Bittersweet (Celastrus scandens)

Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)

Black currant (Ribes americanum)

Black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia serotina)

Black Hills spruce (Picea alba)

Black sage (Artemisia tridentata)

Bladderpod (Lesquerella arenosa)

Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)

Blue beardtongue (Penstemum nitidus)

Bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum)

Blue-eyed-grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium)

Blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis)

Blue wild lettuce (Lactuca pulchella)

Bog star (Parnassia palustris)

Bottlebrush grass (Hystrix patula)

Box elder (Acer negundo)

Branched eriogonum (Eriogonum multiceps)

Broadleaf stichwort (Arenaria lateriflora)

Brome grasses (Bromus spp.)

Broomweed (Cutierrezia sarothrae)

Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)

Buffalo-bean (Astragalus caryocarpus)

Buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloides)

Bullberry (Shepherdia argentea)

Bulrush (Scirpus spp.)

Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)

Butte candle (Cryptantha bradburiana)

Butte primrose (Oenothera caespitosa)

Canada anemone (Anemone canadensis)

Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Canada wild rye (Elymus canadensis)

Caragana (Caragana arborescens)

Carrion flower (Smilax herbacea)

Cattails (Typha spp.)

Chamaerhodos (Chamaerhodos erecta)

Charming sedge (Carex blanda)

Chinese elm (Ulmus pumila)

Choke cherry (Prunus virginiana)

Claspingleaf dogbane (Apocynum sibiricum)

Claspingleaf pondweed (Potamogeton richardsonii)

Clustered sunflower (Helianthus rydbergii)

Colorado rubber plant (Hymenoxys richardsonii)

Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)

Combleaf milkvetch (Astragalus pectinatus)

Common arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima)

Common bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris)

Common blue violet ( Viola papilionacea)

Common cattail (Typha latifolia)

Common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

Common evening primrose (Oenothera biennia)

Common pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)

Common spikerush (Eleocharis palustris)

Common waterhemlock (Cicuta maculata)

Common watermilfoil (Myriophyllum exalbescens)

Common waterstarwort (Callitriche palustris)

Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum)

Corn (Zea mays)

Cottonweed (Anemone cylindrica)

Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)

Cow parsnip (Heracleum maximum)

Creeping juniper (Juniperus horizontalis)

Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum)

Daisy fleabane (Erigeron strigosus)

Dark-green bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens)

Death camas (Zigadenus gramineus)

Downy arrowwood ( Viburnum rafinesquianum)

Dudley's rush (Juncus dudleyi)

Dwarf corner (Corpus canadensis)

Dwarf juniper (Juniperus communis)

Early cinquefoil (Potentilla concinna)

Early goldenrod (Solidago missouriensis)

Early meadowrue (Thalictrum venulosum)

Eelgrass pondweed (Potamogeton zosteriformis)

Engelmann's spikerush (Eleocharis engelmanni)

False aster (Boltonia latisquama)

False boneset (Kuhnia eupatorioides)

False gromwell (Onosmodium occidentale)

False lily-of-the valley (Maianthemum canadense)

False lupine (Thermopsis rhombifolia)

False ragweed (Iva xanthifolia)

False Solomon's seal (Smilacina stellata)

Fescue sedge (Carex brevior)

Field mustard (Brassica kaber)

Flax (Linum usitatissimum)

Flixweed (Descurainia sophia)

Fowl bluegrass (Poa palustris)

Fowl mannagrass (Clyceria striata)

Fox sedge (Carex vulpinoidea)

Fringed loosestrife (Lysimachia ciliata)

Fringed sage (Artemisia frigida)

Gaillardia (Caillardia aristata)

Gaura (Caura coccinea)

Germander (Teucrium occidentale)

Giant burreed (Sparganium eurycarpum)

Giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)

Golden aster (Chrysopsis villosa)

Golden currant (Ribes odoratum)

Golden dock (Rumex maritimus)

Golden eriogonum (Eriogonum flavam)

Golden willow (Salix vitellina)

Grasses (plants of the family, Gramineae)

Grassleaf pondweed (Potamogeton pusillus)

Gray goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis)

Gray ragwort (Senecio canus)

Greasewood (Sarcobates vermiculatus)

Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)

Green needlegrass (Stipa viridula)

Green sage (Artemisia glauca)

Gumweed (Crindelia squarrosa)

Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)

Hairy puccoon (Lithospermum canescens)

Haplopappus (Haplopappus spinulosus)

Hardstem bulrush (Scirpus acutus)

Harebell (Campanula rotundifolia)

Hawthorn (Cratuegus chrysoparia)

Hazelnut (Corylus spp.)

Hedge hyssop (Cratiola neglecta)

Highbush cranberry (Viburnum trilobum)

Hoary willow (Salix candida)

Honewort (Cryptotoenia canadensis)

Hop-hornbeam (Ostrya virgin iana)

Horned pondweed (Zannichellia palustris)

Horseweed (Erigeron canadensis)

Hybrid cattail (Typha glauca)

Indian breadroot (Psoralea esculenta)

Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans)

Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides)

Intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium)

Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisuema atrorubens)

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)

Joe-pye weed (Eupatorium maculatum)

Kalm's lobelia (Lobelia kalmii)

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)

Kidneyleaf buttercup (Ranunculus abortivus)

Kochia (Kochia scoparia)

Lanceleaf loosestrife (Lysimachia hybrida)

Large bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora)

Large-flowered dock (Rumex venosus)

Lead plant (Amorpha canescens)

Leiberg's panicum (Panicum leibergii)

Lewis' wild flax (Linum lewisi)

Lilac (Syringa vulgaris)

Limber pine (Pinusflexilis)

Little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius)

Little ricegrass (Oryzopsis micrantha)

Longhead coneflower (Ratibida columnifera)

Lowland white aster (Aster simplex)

Macoun's buttercup (Ranunculus macouni)

Mariposa lily (Calochortus nuttalli)

Marsh cress (Rorippa islandica)

Marsh hedgenettle (Stachys palustris)

Marsh-marigold (Caltha palustris)

Marsh muhly (Muhlenbergia glomerata)

Marsh skullcap (Scutellaria epilobiifolia)

Marsh smartweed (Polygonum coccineum)

Mat catsfoot (Antennaria microphylla)

Mat mutely (Muhlenbergia richardsonis)

Meadow hawksbeard (Crepis runcinata)

Meadow parsnip (Zizia aptera)

Meadow sedge (Carex laeviconica)

Missouri gooseberry (Ribes missouriense)

Missouri milkvetch (Astragalus missouriensis)

Moss phlox (Phlox hoodii)

Moundscale (Atriplex nuttalli)

Muskgrass (Chara spp.)

Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago)

Narrowleaf beardtongue (Penstemon angustifolius)

Narrowleaf blazingstar (Liatris punctata)

Narrowleaf cottongrass (Eriophyllum angustifolium)

Narrowleaf dock (Rumex mexicanus)

Narrowleaf golden rod (Solidago gram inifolia)

Narrowleaf milkvetch (Astragalus tenellus)

Narrowleaf sunflower (Helianthus maximiliani)

Narrowleaf waterplantain (Alisma gramineum)

Needle-and-thread (Stipa comata)

Needleleaf sedge (Carex stenophylla)

Needle spikerush (Eleocharis acicularis)

Nodding fescue (Festuca obtusa)

Nodding muhly (Muhlenbergia racemosa)

Nodding smartweed (Polygonum lapathifolium)

Nodding trillium (Trillium cernuum)

Northern bedstraw (Galium boreale)

Northern reedgrass (Calamagrostis inexpansa)

Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis)

Nuttall's violet (Viola nuttallii)

Oats (Avena saliva)

Orach (Atriplex patula)

Ovalleaf milkweed (Asclepias ovalifolia)

Owl-clover (Orthocarpus luteus)

Palespike lobelia (Lobelia spicata)

Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)

Pasque flower (Anemone patens)

Peach leaf willow (Salix amygdaloides)

Perennial ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya)

Phragmites (Phragmites communis)

Pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica)

Pink wild onion (Allium stellatum)

Pink wintergreen (Pyrola asarifolia)

Pink wood violet (Viola rugulosa)

Plains muhly (Muhlenbergia cuspidata)

Plains reedgrass (Calamagrostis montanensis)

Poison ivy (Rhus radicans)

Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)

Porcupine grass (Stipa spartea)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Prairie buttercup (Ranunculus rhomboideus)

Prairie chickweed (Cerastium arvense)

Prairie cinquefoil (Potentilla pensylvanica)

Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata)

Prairie dandelion (Agoseris glauca)

Prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis)

Prairie junegrass (Koeleria cristata)

Prairie painted cup (Castilleja sessiliflora)

Prairie plantain (Plantago purshill)

Prairie ragwort (Senecio plattensis)

Prairie rose (Rosa arkansana)

Prairie thistle (Cirsium flodmani)

Prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum)

Prickly pear (Opuntia polycantha)

Prickly rose (Rosa acicularis)

Purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia)

Purple loco (Oxytropis lambertii)

Purple prairie-clover (Petalostemum purpureum)

Purslane speedwell ( Veronica peregrina)

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens)

Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)

Rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus graveolens)

Racemose milkvetch (Astragalus racemosus)

Rattlesnake fern (Botrychium virginianum)

Rattlesnake-root (Prenanthes racemosa)

Red lily (Lilium philadelphicum)

Red mallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea)

Red-osier dogwood (Corpus stolonifera)

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

Reed (Phragmites communis)

Rillscale (Atriplex dioica)

River bulrush (Scirpus fluviatilis)

Rocky Mountain cedar (Juniperus scopulorum)

Rose (Rosa sp.)

Rough cinquefoil (Potentilla norvegica)

Round-head blazingstar (Liatris ligulistylis)

Rush aster (Aster junciformis)

Russian olive (Eleagnus angustifolia)

Russian thistle (Salsola kali)

Rye (Secale cereale)

Sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus)

Saltgrass (Distichlis stricta)

Saltwater wigeongrass (Ruppia maritima)

Sandbar willow (Salix interior)

Sandlily (Leucocrinum montanum)

Sartwell's sedge (Carex sartwellii)

Saskatoon serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia)

Sea-blite (Sueeda depressa)

Sedges (Carex spp.)

Short-awn foxtail (Alopecurus acqualis)

Shrub willows (Salix spp.)

Side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula)

Silverberry (Eleagnus commutata)

Silverleaf (Psoralea argophylla)

Silver sage (Artemisia cana)

Silverweed (Potentilla anserina)

Six-weeks fescue (Festuca octoflora)

Skeleton weed (Lygodesmia juncea)

Skunk sumac (Rhus trilobata)

Slender beardtongue (Penstemon gracilis)

Slender bulrush (Scirpus heterochaetus)

Slender loco (Oxytropis gracilis)

Slender milkvetch (Astragalus Flexuosus)

Slender sedge (Carex praegracilis)

Slender spikerush (Eleocharis calva)

Slender wedgegrass (Sphenopholis intermedia)

Slender wheatgrass (Agropyron trachycaulum)

Slender willow (Salixpetiolaris)

Sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne)

Slough sedge (Carex atherodes)

Small blue violet (Viola adunca)

Small erysimum (Erysimum inconspicuum)

Smallflower aster (Aster ericoides)

Small fringed gentian (Gentiana procera)

Smooth blue aster (Aster laevis)

Smooth brome (Bromus inermis)

Smooth camas (Zigadenus elegans)

Smooth fleabane (Erigeron glabellus)

Smooth rose (Rosa blanda)

Smooth sumac (Rhus glabra)

Soapweed yucca ( Yucca glauca)

Soft goldenrod (Solidago mollis)

Softstem bulrush (Scirpus validus)

Solomon's seal (Polygonatum canaliculatum)

Sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis)

Soy bean (Glycine max)

Speckled alder (Alnus rugosa)

Spikemoss (Selaginella densa)

Spike-oats (Helictotrichon hooker!)

Spiny saltbush (A triplex confertifolia)

Spiraea (Spiraea alba)

Spotted touch-me-not (Impatiens capensis)

Sprengel's sedge (Carex sprengelii)

Spruce (Picea spp.)

Stiff goldenrod (Solidago rigida)

Stiffstem flax (Linum rigidum)

Stiff sunflower (Helianthus laetiflorus)

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

Swamp birch (Betula pumila)

Swamp buttercup (Ranunculus septentrionalis)

Swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)

Sweet cicely (Osmorhiza longistylis)

Sweetclover (Melilotus spp.)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

Tall cinquefoil (Potentilla arguta)

Tall coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata)

Tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima)

Tall mannagrass (Glyceria grandis)

Tall meadowrue (Thalictrum dasycarpum)

Tall nettle (Urtica procera)

Tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum)

Tartarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica)

Thickspike wheatgrass (Agropyron dasystachyum)

Threadleaf sedge (Carex filifolia)

Ticklegrass (Agrostis scabra)

Toothleaf evening primrose (Oenothera serrulata)

Torch flower (Geum triflorum)

Torrey's rush (Juncus torreyi)

Tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa)

Tufted loosestrife (Lysimachia thyrsiflora)

Tufted milkvetch (Astragalus triphyllus)

Upland wormwood (Artemisia caudata)

Variableleaf pondweed (Potamogeton gramineus)

Virginia wild rye (Elymus virginicus)

Waterleaf (Hydrophyllum virginianum)

Water parsnip (Slum suave)

Water sedge (Carex aquatilis)

Western black birch (Betula occidentalis)

Western dock (Rumex occidentalis)

Western ironweed (Vernonia fasciculata)

Western rose (Rosa woodsii)

Western wall-flower (Erysimum asperum)

Western waterhorehound (Lycopus asper)

Western waterplantain (Alisma triviale)

Western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii)

Western wigeongrass (Ruppia occidentalis)

Wheat (Triticum aestivam)

Wheatgrass (Agropyron spp.)

White evens (Geum canadense)

White beardtongue (Penstemon albidus)

White larkspur (Delphinium virescens)

White milkwort (Polygala alba)

White onion (Allium textile)

White sage (Artemisia ludoviciana)

White sweetclover (Melilotus alba)

Whitetop (Scolochloa festucacea)

White upland aster (Aster ptarmicoides)

White watercrowfoot (Ranunculus trichophyllus)

Wild barley (Hordeum jubatum)

Wild cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)

Wild four-o-clock (Mirabilis nyctaginea)

Wild ginger (Asarum canadense)

Wild grape (Vitis riparia)

Wild licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota)

Wild millet (Echinochloa crusgalii)

Wild mint (Mentha arvensis)

Wild parsley (Lomatium orientale)

Wild plum (Prunus americana)

Wild sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis)

Wild strawberry (Fragaria virginiana)

Wild vetch (Vicia americana)

Willows (Salix spp.)

Winter fat (Eurotia lanata)

Wolfberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis)

Wood leek (Allium tricoccum)

Wood nettle (Laportea canadensis)

Woodsia fern (Woodsia oregana)

Wood stickseed (Hackelia americana)

Woolly sedge (Carex lanuginosa)

Wormseed mustard (Erysimum cheiranthoides)

Yarrow (Achillea lanulosa)

Yellow evens (Geum aleppicum)

Yellow sedge (Carex pensylvanica)

Yellow stargrass (Hypoxia hirsuta)

Yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis)

Yellow whitlowwort (Draba micrantha)

Yellow wood parsnip (Zizia aurea)

Yellow wood violet (Viola pensylvanica)

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